The Best Biometric Identification System

IntroductionAdvantagesProcess OverviewImage and System SpecificationSegmentationIris Feature EncodingIris code matchingReal Life ApplicationEmerging TechnologyDisadvantages and DrawbacksConclusionBibliography

It is the colored portion of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil.Has unique complex and random patterns which can be seen from some distance. Automated biometric identificationMathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video or images of the iris .

Externally visible highly protected internal organ.Unique patterns.Not genetically connected unlike eye colour.Probability of matching of iris pattern is 1:10^78.Stable with age.Impossible to alter surgically.Living Password, Can not be forgotten or copied.Works on blind person.User needs not to touch appliances.Accurate faster and supports large data base.

Camera Distanceup to 3 meters.Good contrast and high illumination.High Quality Image, Daughman’s Algorithm expect minimum 640X480.Near Infra Red(NIR) preferred over Visible LightPatterns clearer in NIR regardless of eye colourNIR – 700-900 nm.

Process of finding the iris in an image. A. Iris and pupil localization: Pupil and Iris are

considered as two circles.

i.Daugman’s Integro-Differential Equation: the edge is found measuring highest gradientOptimized Algorithm:Comparision with Threshold value.

B. Eye lid detection and Eye lash noise removal using linear Hough Transform method.

C. Iris Normalization: characteristics at same spatial region.

Phase quantization.Amplitude information may vary according to image quality so ignored.Total 512 bytes code.2048 bits or 256 bytes code initially.Rest 256 bytes contain other image informations like SNR , eyelash occlusions etc.

Hamming Distance is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different.Fractional Hamming Distance(HD) is calculated.

If HD<.32=MATCHHD>.32 MISMATCHHD of left and right eye of same person is greater than 0.32

Aadhaar India's Unique ID project for its one billion citizens uses Iris scan as one of the identification features.United Arab Emirates uses it in border patrol.Used in Pakistan to recognise refugees.Permits passport free immigration in several countries like Netherlands,Canada,US. Google uses iris scanners to control access to their datacenters.

An ATM with an eyeIris at a distance.Access to password protected areas after eye recognitionSRI International Sarnoff has been developing an "Iris on the Move" system and set of products, primarily for U.S. Government clients, capable of identifying 30 people per minute.Technologies to detect driver’s identity without needing to leave the vehicle is being improved.

Accuracy changes with user’s height,illumination,image quality etc.Person needs to be still, difficult to scan if not co-operated.Risk of fake Iris lenses.Alcohol consumption causes deformation in Iris patternEasily fooled by presenting a high-quality photograph of a face instead of a real face; unsuitable for unsupervised applications.Need of live tissue verification technology.Expensive

Highly accurate but easyFastHas some drawbacksNeeds some developmentsExperiments are going onWill become day to day technology very soon.

www.ijetae.comwww.freepatentsonline.comwww.irisid.comwww.slideshare.comwww.eeweb.comEhsan M. Arvacheh, University of Waterloo

Any questions??