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Introduction to the Semantic Web and Library Linked Data
Marlene van Ballegooie
March 14, 2012
Outline
Libraries on the web ... Where are now?...Where we are heading?
Linked Data principles Building blocks of Linked Data Library Linked Data examples Linked Data and RDA
Where are we now? Modern library has continually transformed
itself to respond to the needs of the user. Library catalogue remains inwardly-
focused, self contained data silo with no connection to the data on the Web.
Modern user favours search engines (i.e. Google) as an information platform over the library.
OCLC ‘Perceptions of Libraries, 2010’
Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control (January 9, 2008)
Recommendations: 3.1.1 Develop a More Flexible, Extensible Metadata Carrier 3.1.2 Integrate Library Standards into Web Environment 3.1.3 Extend Use of Standard Identifiers
Desired Outcomes: Library bibliographic data will move from the closed database model to the open Web-based model wherein records are addressable by programs and are in formats that can easily be integrated into Web services and other computer applications. This will enable libraries to make better use of networked data resources and to take advantage of the relationships that exist (or could be made to exist) among various data sources on the web.
Library of CongressA Bibliographic Framework for the Digital AgeOctober 31, 2011
Future of bibliographic control will be based on Linked Data principles.
Resource Description Framework (RDF) will be the basic data model.
“Embracing common exchange techniques (the Web and Linked Data) and broadly adopted data models (RDF) will move the current library-technological environment away from being a niche market unto itself to one more readily understandable by present and future data creators, data modelers, and software developers.”
Linked Data – The Basics Linked Data is a method of publishing
structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful.
Built upon standard Web technologies, i.e. HTTP, URIs.
Linked Data lies at the heart of what the Semantic Web is all about: the large scale integration of, and reasoning on, data on the Web.
Principles of Linked Data
Principle #1 - Use URIs as names for things. URIs are string that uniquely identify a thing or
resource on the web Advocates use of URIs to identify all things (i.e.
people, places, books, relationship types, etc.)
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Qian_Zhongshu
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows
URI for person “Qian Zhongshu”
URI for the abstract concept of “knowing somebody”
http://sws.geonames.org/6167865 URI for the city of Toronto
http://lccn.loc.gov/81110912 URI for the book “Wei Cheng”
Principles of Linked Data
Principle #2 - Use HTTP URIs, so that people can look up those names.
HTTP URIs allow people to look up these URIs over the HTTP protocol into a description of the identified object or concept.
Principle #3 - When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using standards (RDF).
Principles of Linked Data
Principle # 4 - Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things.
http://www.library.utoronto.ca/person/Yasunari-Kawabata
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Yasunari_KawabataSame As
Subjects
category:Japanese_Nobel_laureatescategory:Japanese_novelistscategory:Japanese_short_story_writerscategory:1899_birthscategory:1972_deathscategory:Writers_who_committed_suicidecategory:Writers_from_Osaka_(city)
Links to morethings
Building Blocks of Linked Data
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Primary data model for Linked Data It’s not a format; it’s a framework for describing
data. Can be used to represent information about
things. (i.e. book, person, idea, etc.) RDF allows you to link a resource to other
resources on the Web. RDF will enable greater precision in Web
searches.
RDF Triples Describe Relationships In the RDF model the concept of triples is used to describe a
relationship between two things. subject – predicate – object Statement: “Yasunari Kawabata is the author of Yukiguni.”
Each triple is a statement about a resource.
(subject)
(predicate)
(object)
Yasunari Kawabata
Yukiguni
IsAuthorOf
RDF Triples
http://viaf.org/viaf/97450170/
http://lccn.loc.gov/88161165
(subject)
(object)
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator(predicate)
Yukiguni
RDF triples, create RDF graphs
Statements combine to form graphs A graph is of no fixed size and contains no
predetermined types of statements.
Yasunari Kawabata
Yukiguni
IsAuthorOfIsAuthorOf
MizuumiIsPublishedBy
1960 Kōdansha
IsPublishedByIsPublishedIn
ShinchōshaTokyo
IsPublishedIn
RDF graphs create a 'web of data'
1960
LC NameAuthorities
VIAF
Publisher Web Site
GeoNames WorldCat
Yasunari Kawabata
Yukiguni
IsAuthorOfIsAuthorOf
MizuumiIsPublishedBy
Kōdansha
IsPublishedByIsPublishedIn
Shinchōsha
Tokyo
DBpedia
Linked Open Data Cloud
Library Linked Data Examples
id.loc.gov
Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
LIBRIS – Swedish National Library
BL - British National Bibliography
Linked Data and RDA – The Future?
RDA in RDF
There’s another side to RDA, beyond the rules
Developed out of a 2007 meeting between representatives from the JSC and DCMI.
Vision is that RDA data elements could be the basis for machine interoperation of library data in a Linked Data environment in the future.
RDA in RDF http://rdvocab.info
The next generation bibliographic description?
The next generation bibliographic description?
Linked Data and Libraries Libraries can make an important contribution
to the Semantic Web. Librarians have a wealth of experience
managing, preserving, describing and delivering data to users. We are data experts!
The fundamental challenge for the development of Linked Data is lack of awareness within libraries.
The technology is ready, are we?
Thanks! Tom Heath and Christian Bizer (2011) Linked Data: Evolving the Web
into a Global Data Space (1st edition). Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology, 1:1, 1-136. Morgan & Claypool.
Coyle, Karen. (January 2010) “Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata.” Library Technology Reports 46, no.1.
Hillmann, Diane, Karen Coyle, Jon Phipps, and Gordon Dunsire. (January/February 2010) “RDA Vocabularies: Process, Outcome, Use.” D-Lib Magazine 16, no. 1/2. http://dlib.org/dlib/january10/hillmann/01hillmann.html
Tim Berners-Lee: The next Web of open, linked data http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM6XIICm_qo
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/
