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The Endangered Species Act of 1973 allowed the listing and protection of threatened and endangered species in the United States.
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Endangered Species Act of
1973
Mark Ostendorf
History Interaction between people and nature
Commerce in the United States Wildlife exploitation—Hunting and Trading Agriculture—Removing and disturbing vital habitat Community growth—Infringing upon habitat Non-Native species—Habitat disruption
Kudzu Zebra Mussel
What are the implications of human interaction with the environment?
Extinction The eradication of species
Passenger Pigeon
The Near-Extinction of Prominent or Charismatic Species American Bison Bald Eagle North American Wolf Whooping Crane
Ecological Imbalance
The Environmental Movement Early Contributors
John Muir, Gifford Pinchot, Henry David Thoreau, Aldo Leopold
Silent Spring—Rachel Carson (1962) The Population Bomb—Paul Ehrlich (1968) Limits to Growth—Club of Rome (1972)
By the 1970’s, the public had become increasingly aware of its affect on the environment
Relevant Previous Legislation National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Clean Water Act of 1972 Clean Air Act of 1970
Bald Eagle Act of 1940 Endangered Species Preservation Act of
1966 Endangered Species Conservation Act of
1969
Endangered Species Act of 1973 The Endangered Species Act (ESA)
provides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals and the habitats in which they are found. Protection and Recovery
An updatable list of “Endangered” and “Threatened” species was created.
Endangered vs. Threatened “Endangered” means a species is in
danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
“Threatened” means a species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future.
Endangered Species Act of 1973 Federal agencies, in consultation with the
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and/or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Service, must ensure that their actions are not likely to jeopardize listed species or their habitats
Endangered Species Act of 1973 The FWS of the Department of the Interior
maintains the worldwide list of endangered and threatened organisms.
Species include birds, insects, fish, reptiles, mammals, crustaceans, flowers, grasses, and trees.
Anyone can petition FWS to include a new species on this list.
“Taking” Listed Animals The ESA makes it unlawful for a person to
“take” a listed animal without a permit.
Defined as “to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect or attempt to engage in any such conduct.”
International Species Protection The ESA also implements U.S. participation
in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 175-nation agreement designed to prevent species from becoming
endangered or extinct due to international trade.
Export/Import by permit only A species may require a permit under the ESA,
CITES, or both.
The End
References EPA. Summary of the Endangered Species Act: 16
U.S.C. §1531 et seq. (1973). http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. ESA Basics: More Than 30 Years of Conserving Endangered Species. http://www.fws.gov/Endangered/factsheets/ESA_basics.pdf
Bald Eagle. Don Pfizer Bison Out on the Range. Ryan Hagerty