Introduction to NOSQL And MongoDB

Introduction to NoSQL

And MongoDB

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Behrouz BakhtiariFarid Dehgan

http://tosts.net/blog/

Introduction to NOSQL And MongoDB

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Which ones are correct?

NOSQL = Not To SQL NOSQL = Not Only SQL

1998 Carlo Strozzi

2009 NoSQL meetup in San Farncisco2005 CouchDB

2004 BigTable

2007 MongoDB

1966 IBM IMS1965 MultiV

alue

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High ThroughputIntroduction to NOSQL And MongoDB

Join

ACID transactions

Reduce CostEliminate ORM Complexity

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Horizontal Scalability

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Horizontal Scalability

Data-Dependent Routing

Distributed Partit

ioned Views

Auto

mat

ic Sh

ardi

ng

“Oracle would tell you that with the right degree of hardware and the right configuration of Oracle RAC (Real Application Clusters) and other associated magic software, you can achieve the same scalability. But at what cost?”

“Web 2.0 com

panies can take chances and they need scalability.

When you have these tw

o things in combination, it m

akes [NoSQ

L]

very compelling.”


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The CAP-TheoremIntroduction to NOSQL And MongoDB

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Consistency


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AvailabilityIntroduction to NOSQL And MongoDB

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Partition ToleranceIntroduction to NOSQL And MongoDB

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Not Available

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ACIDAtomicConsistentIsolatedDurable


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BASEBase Availability

Soft-state

Eventual consistencyNot

durable

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NOSQL TaxonomyKey-Value Stores

Column Stores

Document Stores

Graph Databases

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Key-Value StoresAutomobile

Key Attributes

1 Make: ToyotaModel: HighlanderColor: MaroonYear: 2004

2 Make: ToyotaModel: HighlanderColor: BlueYear: 2005Transmission: Automatic

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Dynamo DBAmazon

Key-Value

Consistent

Hashing

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Column Stores

EmpId Lastname Firstname Salary1 Smith Joe 40000

2 Jones Mary 50000

3 Johnson Cathy 44000

A Row-oriented Database: puts rows together1,Smith,Joe,40000; 2,Jones,Mary,50000; 3,Johnson,Cathy,44000;

A Column-oriented Database: puts values of a column together.1,2,3; Smith,Jones,Johnson; Joe,Mary,Cathy; 40000,50000,44000;

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Sparse (rows only where there are

values; not fixed length)

Distributed (horizontally partitioned

over many servers)

Multidimensional (consisting of a multi-

part key)

Sorted map (in lexigraphic order)

BigTable

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MapReduce

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Graph Databases

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Graph Vs. Key-Value

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JSON

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DocumentsDocuments = Rows

MongoDB is type-sensitive and case-sensitive. {“foo” : 3} # {“foo” : “3”} Or {“foo” : 3} # {“Foo” : 3}

documents can be thought of as objects but only the data of an object, not the code, methods or class hierarchy.

In MongoDB the documents are conceptually JSON.

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CollectionsCollections = Tables

Collections are schema-free.

A MongoDB collection is a collection of BSON documents.

A collection is created when the first document is inserted.

The maximum size of a collection name is 128 characters (including the name of the db and indexes).

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Getting and Starting MongoDBTo start the server, run the mongod executable.

Default port for server

Default data directory : C:\data\db\

If directory.exist(“C:\data\db\”) == false then server.fail

> mongod --dbpath D:\data

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MongoDB ShellI want to interact with MongoDB

> mongo

make sure you start mongod before starting the shell.

> X = 200200> X / 540

Full-featured JavaScript interpreter

> Math.sin(Math.PI / 2 );1> “TOSS”.replace(“T”,”Tabriz ”);Tabriz OSS

Leverage all of the standard JavaScript libraries

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Creating Documents> db.post.insert({ID: 2,Title:"NOSQL",Body:"Introduction to NOSQL",Authors:["Farid"]})

> db.post.insert({ID: 3,Title:"MongoDB",Body:"Introduction to MongoDB",Authors:["Farid",“Behrouz"]})

> db.post.insert({ID: 1,Title:“TDD",Body:"Unit Test"})

Post PostAuthors Authors

Mapping To Relational Modal

> INSERT INTO post ( ID , Title , Body ) Values ( 3 , ' MongoDB ‘ , ' Introduction to MongoDB ' )

> INSERT INTO Authors ( ID , Name) Values ( 1 , ' Behrouz' )

> INSERT INTO Authors ( ID , Name) Values ( 2 , ' Farid' )

> INSERT INTO PostAuthors (Post ID , AuthorID) Values ( 3 , 1)

> INSERT INTO PostAuthors (Post ID , AuthorID) Values ( 3 , 2)

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Deleting Documents> DELETE FROM post

> db.post.remove()

> db.post.remove({ ID : 1 , Title : " TDD " })

> DELETE FROM post WHERE ID = 1 AND Title = ‘TDD’

> db.post.remove({ ID : 1 })

> DELETE FROM post WHERE ID = 1

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Updating Documents

> db.post.update( { ID: 1 } , { "$set" : {Title : "Mocking“ } } )

> UPDATE post SET Title = ‘Mocking’ Where ID = 1 Updates, update by default only the first documents that matches the criteria.

> db.post.update( { ID: 1 } , { "$set" : {Title : "Mocking“ } } ,false , true)

Upsert?

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Updating Documents> db.post.update( { ID: 1o1 } , { "$set" : { Title : “Scrum“ , Body : “Scrum” } } , true)

Exist this document Update document

Create a new document

Yes

No

}ID : 101{

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Updating Documents> db.post.update( {ID : 3 } , { "$set" : { comments : [{ Email : "[email protected]" , Body : "Test“ }]}})

Post Comments

1 *

> INSERT INTO comments ( postID , Email , Body ) VALUES ( 3 , ’[email protected]’ , ’Test’ )

Map

ping

To

Rel

atio

nal M

odal

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Querying> SELECT * FROM post

> db.post.find()

> SELECT ID , Title FROM post

> db.post.find({} , { ID : 1 , Title : 1 })

The _id key is always returned, even if it isn’t specifically listed.

> db.post.find({} , { ID : 1 , Title : 1 , _id : 0 })

Solution

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Querying

> SELECT * FROM post WHERE ID = 1 OR ID = 3

> SELECT * FROM post WHERE ID = 1

> db.post.find({ ID : 1 })

> db.post.find( { “$or” : [{ ID = 1 } , { ID = 3 } ] } )

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Querying$lt < $gt >$lte <= $gte >= $ne <>

> SELECT * FROM post WHERE ID >= 1 And ID <= 100

> db.post.find ( { ID : { “$gte” : 1 , “$lte” : 100 } } )

> SELECT * FROM post WHERE ID <> 1

> db.post.find ( { ID : { “$ne” : 1} } )

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Querying

> SELECT * FROM post WHERE ID = 1 OR ID = 3

> SELECT * FROM post WHERE ID = 1

> db.post.find({ ID : 1 })

> db.post.find( { “$or” : [{ ID = 1 } , { ID = 3 } ] } )

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Querying> SELECT * FROM post ORDER BY ID

> db.post.find().sort ( { ID : 1 } )

12

3

100

…

> SELECT * FROM post ORDER BY ID DESC

> db.post.find().sort ( { ID : -1 } )

1oo

9998

1

…

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Introduction to NOSQL And MongoDB