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Presentation made at GWP-C's first Regional Media Workshop on IWRM held in Barbados on December 2010.
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Objectives To provide an introduction on key principles and themes
of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).
To show IWRM’s key linkages to development and to addressing poverty reduction, water and health, and water and food (MDGs).
To enable application of IWRM principles for awareness raising and capacity building in advising decision makers.
About Water ….
A “Single” Resource – has no substitute
A Limited Resource
A Scarce Resource (or is it?)
Has Social, Economic, and Environmental Value (social and environment are recent)
A Unique Resource Every organism, individual, and
ecosystem on the planet depends on water for survival.
Water impacts all aspects of life on the planet
Poor water management and water shortages can lead to disease, malnutrition, reduced economic growth, social instability, conflict, and environmental disaster.
The Global Water Budget
Global Water
97% Seawater
3% Freshwater
Global Freshwater
87% Not Accessible
13% Accessible (0.4% of global)
A Challenge to Water Management
Top 10 Largest Cities by 2015
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Tokyo
Bombay
Lagos
Shanghai
Jakarta
Sao Paulo
Karachi
Beijing
Dhaka
Mexico City
Population, millions
The Water Scene
Resources are scarce
Demands are outstripping supplies
Environmental/Ecological issues are serious
Policy and institutional issues are complicated
Current approach is sectoral and fragmented
Financing is poor and options are expensive
Where Are We Headed? Decreasing per-capita availability
Degrading water quality
Increasing competition/conflict within sectors and within society Urban versus agriculture Haves versus have nots Upstream versus downstream National versus international
Increasing competition/conflict with the environment
Demand Sectors Water for People – safe and reliable drinking water
supply, as well as sanitation.
Water for Food Production – irrigation, wastewater reuse, and flood management
Water for Nature – rainwater infiltration, groundwater recharge, river flow and aquatic ecosystems maintenance
Water for Industry – manufacturing, cooling systems and liquid waste disposal
Water for Emergencies – fire control and drought relief
Water as a Global Issue
Water crisis has steadily moved up the global agenda
The process is driven by
water-related health impacts, rapid industrialization, water security, and awakening environmental
consciousness
The Paradigm Shift
The Dublin principles (1992)
Water is a single, finite resource
Water management and development should include stakeholders
Water is an economic good
Women play a central role in management and conservation of water
The Dublin Principles have served as guide for the global water dialogue
Key Water Challenges and Needs Integrated
management of water
Water resources economics
Political economy of water
Water supply and sanitation services
Irrigation/drainage
NRM and environment
Water pricing and cost recovery
Water entitlement and rights
Water users empowerment
Sharing of water and its benefits
Cooperation and conflict resolution
Energy
MDGs … a starting point Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4. Reduce child mortality
Goal 5. Improve maternal health
Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Ad hoc
Economic Analysis -- Single Project or Basin
Multi-Objective Planning
Comprehensive Multi-Purpose River Basin Planning and Management
Strategic Planning and Implementation through IWRM
Approaches to Water Management
The Water Balancing Act
Demand• Increasing in all sectors• Inefficient use
Supply• Quantity (Natural Scarcity, Groundwater Depletion)• Quality Degradation• Cost of Options
IWRMIWRM
Integrated Water Resources Management
A systematic process for managing water, land and related resources in a way that meets society’s long-term need for water while ensuring that economic and social welfare are not compromised and that there is no harm to the environment.
A coordinating framework for integrating and implementing sectoral needs, water and water-related policy, resource allocation, and management of natural resources and environmental systems; within the context of social, economic, and environmental development objectives.
IWRM is about:
Managing water resources at the lowest possible level.
Managing demand for water and optimising the supply.
Providing equitable access to water resources by a participatory approach.
Establishing policies to help manage water resources.
Engaging all sectors of the economy in the IWRM process.
Why IWRM?
Globally accepted and makes good sense.
Key element in national water policy.
Incorporates social and environmental considerations directly into policy and decision making.
Directly involves the stakeholders.
Is a tool for optimizing investments under tight financing climate.
Key Water & Water-related Policies/Inst.
Resources Assessment &
Analysis
Use Assessment & Analysis
Resource Development &
Management Plan
Implementation & Monitoring
Resource Allocation Strategy
Review & Evaluation
CountryDevelopment
Objectives
Schematic of the IWRM Process • Stakeholder Input• Donor Input• Other Input
IWRM can be characterized as: A process, not a product
Scale independent - applies at all levels of development
A tool for self assessment and program evaluation
A tool for policy, planning, and management
A mechanism for evaluating competing demands, resource allocation, and tradeoffs
IWRM in PracticeA. Enabling Environment
Policies Legislative Framework Financing and Incentive Structures
B. Institutional Mechanism
Institutional Framework Institutional Capacity Building
C. Management Instruments
Water Resources Assessments Planning for IWRM Demand Management Social Change Instruments Economic Instruments Information and Communications
Dimensions of IWRM
Integrated Water Resources Management
Water supply & sanitation
Irrigation & drainage
Energy Environ-mentalservices
Infrastructure for Infrastructure for management of management of
floods and floods and droughts, droughts,
multipurpose multipurpose storage, water storage, water
quality and source quality and source protectionprotection
Policy/ Policy/ Institutional Institutional frameworkframework
Management Management instrumentsinstruments
Political economy Political economy of water of water
managementmanagement
Other uses including
industry and navigation
Water Uses GWP
Water Governance
• The GWP defines Water Governance as the range of political, social, economic and administrative systems that are in place to develop and manage water resources and the delivery of water services at different levels of society.
• It is really the traditions and institutions by which authority is exercised in a country. Governance deals with who is really in charge and how power is used to decide who gets what and when.
Governance
He
alt
h
Wa
ter
Qu
ali
ty
Wa
ter
Su
pp
ly
Flo
od
s/D
rou
gh
ts
En
erg
y
Ag
ric
ult
ure
Ind
us
try
Po
llu
tio
n P
rev
Co
as
tal
Mg
t.
Ec
os
ys
tem
Mg
t.
Activity Sectors
(water uses)
Social
Development
Economic
Development
Env.
ProtectionObjectives
Policy/Inst.Framework
Management Institutions
Prosperity
The Water Resources Development Process: Sectoral (or Use) Approach
Feedback
Governance
He
alt
h
Wa
ter
Qu
ali
ty
Wa
ter
Su
pp
ly
Flo
od
s/D
rou
gh
ts
En
erg
y
Ag
ric
ult
ure
Ind
us
try
Po
llu
tio
n P
rev
Co
as
tal
Mg
t.
Ec
os
ys
tem
Mg
t.
Activity Sectors
(water uses)
Social
Development
Economic
Development
Env.
ProtectionObjectives
Policy/Inst.Framework
Management Institutions
Water Resources Development : The IWRM Process
Feedback
Prosperity
IWRM Water and waterrelated policies review and revision
IWRM Resource development, management, monitoring, and evaluation
IWRM Resource availability/use analysis and allocation
Barriers to IWRM
Willingness to change - Domestic water, sanitation, agricultural water, etc. Are divided over a several government departments, often with little collaboration.
Lack of tools and systems for integration – The challenge is finding effective tools and processes to achieve greater coordination and cooperation without incurring such high transaction costs that the entire process becomes wasteful.
Further Barriers
A lack of both policy and the personnel to implement it. Conflict between decentralisation and the desire to maintain central power and influence.
The difficulty of getting the different sectors to interact meaningfully for the common good.
An unwillingness to deal with the implications of the critical need for reliability in domestic supplies, and the implications this has on the availability of water for other sectors, such as agriculture and industry.
Influencing Change
Advocacy
Policy
Subsidiarity
Institutional development
Participatory management
THANK YOU…..Questions or comments?