1. Introducing Computer Systems Shivani Parikh

2. The Computer Defined

The two principal characteristics of a computer are:

• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.

• It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions

Computers are electronic and digital

Converts data into information

Modern computers are digital

• Two digits combine to make data

Older computers were analog

• A range of values made data

Data Definition:

• Data is a collection of raw facts and figures (e.g. cooking)

• Data needs to be processed before it can be turned into something useful

• Data comes in many forms numbers, words, symbols

• Examples: Car Mileage, Prices of cosmetics

3. Case Study on DATA

Pizza Hut wants to come up with a new joint in the city of Vapi in state of Gujarat. It has conducted a market research survey and has come up with the following data. Assuming Vapi city to be made up of following 10 people with their preferences listed below:

• Geeta aged 23 loves eating out and her preference is Indian food

• Rahul aged 16 loves eating out and his preference is pizzas

• Sanjay aged 56 doesnt eat out due to health reasons

• Rachana aged 35 prefers to eat in luxury hotels

• Vishal aged 30 can afford to eat only at cheap eateries

• Aarav aged 2 eats only home cooked food

• Ashok aged 70 has dentures and hence can only eat soft foods

• Mansi aged 10 loves eating continental food

• Ajay aged 40 loves eating out and has no preference towards any cuisine

• Pallavi aged 23 eats only healthy foods and has no preference towards any cuisine

4. Information

The data is converted into the following information for Pizza Hut

Sr No Names AgePreference1 Geeta 23 Indian 2 Rahul16 Pizzas 3 Sanjay 56 doesnt eat out4 Rachana 35 eat in luxury hotels 5 Vishal 30 cheap eateries 6 Aarav 2 doesnt eat out7 Ashok 70 doesnt eat out8 Mansi 10 Continental 9 Ajay 40 Any 10 Pallavi 23 Healthy Food 5. The Computer Defined

For managers it is important to convert the data into information for decision making

In the above scenario Pizza Hut has identified that 40% of the total population shall be its target audience and its intended users.

The age group of intended target audience is 10-40 years

They would advertise close to schools, colleges, theaters, malls and so on

6. Types of Computers

Computers for Individual Users

Computers for Organizations

Individual Users

Desktops

Notebook / Laptops

Workstations

Tablet computers

Handheld computers

Smart phones

Computers for Organizations

Network servers

Mainframes

Minicomputers

Supercomputers

7. The Computer Defined

Desktop computers

• The most common type of computer

• Sits on the desk or floor

• Performs a variety of tasks

Workstations

• Specialized computers

• Optimized for science or graphics

• More powerful than a desktop

Laptops/ Notebooks

• Small portable computers

• Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds

• About 8 by 11 inches

• Typically as powerful as a desktop

8. The Computer Defined

Tablet computers

• Newest development in portable computers

• Input is through a pen

• Run specialized versions of office products

Handheld computers

• Very small computers

• Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)

• Note taking or contact management

• Data can synchronize with a desktop

• Used by Medical reps

• John Sculley fromApplegave industry

• the name PDA

9. The Computer Defined

Smart phones

• Hybrid of cell phone and PDA

• Web surfing, e-mail access

10. Computers For Organizations

Network servers

• Centralized computer

• All other computers connect

• Provides access to network resources

• Often simply a powerful desktop

• Print Server, Web Server

Supercomputers

• The most powerful computers made

• Handle large and complex calculations

• Process trillions of operations per second

• Found in research organizations

11. Computers For Organizations

Mainframes

• Used in large organizations

• Handle thousands of users

• Users access through a terminal

• Examples: Banks, Insurance, Airlines, RTO

• RAS, HVAC, high speed, low maintenance

Minicomputers

• Called midrange computers

• Power between mainframe and desktop

• Handle hundreds of users

• Used in smaller organizations

• Users access through a terminal

12. Looking Inside the Computer System

Parts of the Computer System

Computer systems have four parts

• Hardware

• Software

• Data

• User

13. Parts of the Computer System

Hardware

• Mechanical devices in the computer

• Anything that can be touched

Software

• Tell the computer what to do

• Also called a program

• Thousands of programs exist

Data

• Pieces of information

• Computer organize and present data

Users

• People operating the computer

• Most important part

• Tell the computer what to do

14. Information Processing Cycle

Steps followed to process data

• Input

• Processing

• Output

• Storage

15. Essential Computer Hardware

Hardware categorized into four types

Processing devices

Memory devices

Input and output devices

Storage devices

Processing devices

• Brains of the computer

• Carries out instructions from the program

• Most computers have several processors

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• micro processors

• Processors made of silicon and copper

16. Essential Computer Hardware

Memory devices

• Stores data or programs

• Random Access Memory (RAM)

• • Volatile (mens memory)

• • Stores current data and programs

• • More RAM results in a faster system

• Read Only Memory (ROM)

• • Permanent storage of programs (womens memory)

• • Holds the computer boot directions

17. Essential Computer Hardware

Input and output devices

• Allows the user to interact

• Input devices accept data

• • Keyboard (foldable), mouse (wireless)

• Output devices deliver data

• • Monitor (touch screen example), printer (thermal, UV), speaker

• Some devices are input and output

• • Touch screens,

18. Essential Computer Hardware

Storage devices

• Hold data and programs permanently

• Different from RAM

• One of the most popular device for data storage is USB drives

• Magnetic storage

• • Floppy (3 inch), hard drive and external hard drive

• • Uses a magnet to access data

• Optical storage

• • CD and DVD drives

• • Uses a laser to access data

• • Computers are built with inbuilt DVD drives

19. Software Runs The Machine

Tells the computer what to do

Reason people purchase computers

Two types

• System software

• Application software

System software

• Most important software

• Operating system

• • Windows XP

• Network operating system (OS)

• • Windows Server 2003

• Utility

• • Symantec AntiVirus

20. Software Runs The Machine

Application software

• Accomplishes a specific task

• Most common type of software

• • MS Word

• Covers most common uses of computers

• Other examples are MS PowerPoint, Excel, Games, photos, Educational software

21. Computer data

Fact with no meaning on its own

Stored using the binary number system

Data can be organized into files

22. Computer Users

Role depends on ability

• Setup the system

• Install software

• Mange files

• Maintain the system

User less computers

• Run with no user input

• Automated systems

23. Thank You