Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Commonly referred to as Drones, these craft provide the pilot the ability to capture images from a new perspective. In this talk we will discuss the basic principles and technology that enable this gravity defying craft to fly. We have flown these magical devices for a few hundred hours over the last two years. We have bought and built too many multi-copters (unfortunately also known as drones). Anyways, we would really love to share some of our most exciting and memorable experiences with you. But be warned! You will leave the session, with the strong desire to acquire parts (you before didn't know existed) and build a mulit-copter of your own.
Citation preview
© 2014 Tom Paulus Photo: Wolf Paulus
Getting Started with MultiCopters
Wolf Paulus@wolfpaulus http://wolfpaulus.com
Tom Paulus@tompaulus http://tompaulus.com
© 2014 Tom Paulus
© 2014 Tom Paulus
What is a MultiCopter?
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Build Vs. Buy
How Do I Get One?
HUBSAN X4 H107C-HD Quadcopter with 2MP VideoUS$ 65
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Build vs Buy
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Frame Shape
© 2014 Tom Paulus
© 2014 Tom Paulus
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Flight Controller
• The MOST important component on your craft
• Translates your inputs into changes in the motor speeds
• There are 3 different classes of Flight Controller to choose from
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Auto-Level Only
KK 2.1 $30
Acro Naze 32 $25
Flip 1.5 $16*
*Does NOT include the case
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Altitude Holding
Flip 1.5 $22* **
Naze 32 $52
**With the addition of the Pimp Your Flip Board ($7) *Does NOT include the case
© 2014 Tom Paulus
GPS with AutoPilot Capabilities
ArduPilot $300
DJI Naza Lite
$175
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Motors• RPM is measured in kV
• 1 kV is 1 revolution per volt
• Measure of the dimension of the
stator
• For Example, 2212 980kV Motors Photo: rcexplorer.se
© 2014 Tom Paulus
PropsLets take a 10x4.5 Prop for Example
10 x 4.5
Diameter of the Prop
Pitch of the Prop
© 2014 Tom Paulus
ESCsElectronic Speed Controller
Connects your Motors to your Battery and Flight Controller
Motor
Battery
ESC
Flight Controller
Photo: HobbyKing
© 2014 Tom Paulus
BatteriesVoltage
• 4s+ - High Voltage App. • 3S -11.1V (Most Common) • 2S - 7.4V
AmperageMeasured in C (Capacities)
Diagram: Traxxas
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Now What?
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Mobius GoPro Camcorder DSLR
39g Camera: 74g (2.6oz) w/housing: 136g (4.8oz) approx. 350g approx. 1500g
Payload
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Payload Influencers
• Frame Type • All-up Weight (without the camera) • Battery (3.7V per LiPO cell) • ESC (Max Amperage) • Motor • Propeller (Length and Pitch)
© 2014 Tom Paulus
But how much power is needed to turn a propeller at a certain speed?
Bob Boucher’s Electric Motor Handbook states that the following formula works well for most two-bladed propellers:
• Propeller constant of APC propeller is 1.11 • Propeller diameter in feet = 10 * 0.0833 = 0.83 • Propeller pitch in feet = 4.5 * 0.0833 = 0.37 • Estimated RPM = 9000 / 1000 = 9
Power required to spin the propeller = 1.11 * 0.83^4 * 0.37 * 9^3 = 144 Watts
1 x4.5 APC props a. 9 rpm
w = Kp × d4 × Pitch ×RPM3
© 2014 Tom Paulus
• 3 Rotors 10 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 3 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1000g All-up Weight
• Mixed Flight Time 7.7 min • Hover Flight Time 11 min • Hover at 49% Throttle input • Possible Payload 493 g • Max Speed 25.5 mph
Baseline
120 W 100 F
© 2014 Tom Paulus
• 3 Rotors 10 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 4 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1000g All-up Weight
• Mixed Flight Time 8.1 min • Hover Flight Time 14 min • Hover at 28% Throttle input • Theo. Payload 1300 g • Max Speed 38.5 mph
4 Cell Battery
225 W 127 F
© 2014 Tom Paulus
• 3 Rotors 11 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 3 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1000g All-up Weight
• Mixed Flight Time 7.8 min • Hover Flight Time 12 min • Hover at 38% Throttle input • Possible Payload 812 g • Max Speed 26.7 mph
11’ Propeller
144 W 109 F
© 2014 Tom Paulus
• 3 Rotors 10 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 3 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1000g All-up Weight
• Mixed Flight Time 7.7 min • Hover Flight Time 11 min • Hover at 49% Throttle input • Possible Payload 493 g • Max Speed 25.5 mph
Baseline
120 W 100 F
© 2014 Tom Paulus
• 3 Rotors 10 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 3 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1350g All-up Weight
• Mixed Flight Time 5.6 min • Hover Flight Time 7 min • Hover at 72% Throttle input • Possible Payload 143 g • Max Speed 14.9 mph
Payload
120 W 100 F
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Transmitter
© 2014 Tom Paulus
TransmitterAltitude
© 2014 Tom Paulus
TransmitterForward
Backward
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Right
Transmitter
Left
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Transmitter
SpinRight
SpinLeft
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Questions?
© 2014 Tom Paulus
SummaryWe looked at…
- Do I Build or Buy?
- Various Components Essential to your Copter
- What kind of payloads you can carry
© 2014 Tom Paulus
Demo
