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Internet and Activism in China 20 Years after Tiananmen Rebecca MacKinnon Open Society Fellow Assistant Professor, University of Hong Kong Journalism & Media Studies Center Co-founder, Globalvoicesonline.org 1 Thursday, June 4, 2009

Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

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Keynote at the Computers, Freedom and Privacy conference in Washington D.C., June 4th, 2009.http://www.cfp2009.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

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Page 1: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Internet and Activism in China

20 Years after TiananmenRebecca MacKinnon

Open Society FellowAssistant Professor, University of Hong Kong

Journalism & Media Studies CenterCo-founder, Globalvoicesonline.org

1Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 2: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

20 years ago..

2Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 3: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Yesterday

3Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 4: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

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Page 5: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

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Google.cn top searcheshttp://www.google.cn/rebang/detail?bid=12000000

What day is June 420th anniversaryToday in history

June 4th

Twentieth anniversary

5Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 7: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Search engine censorship

google.com

6Thursday, June 4, 2009

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Search engine censorship

google.com

baidu.com

6Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 9: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Search engine censorship

google.com

baidu.com

google.cn

6Thursday, June 4, 2009

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The “Great Firewall” in action

7Thursday, June 4, 2009

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Blog company censorship

Baidu:“Weʼre sorry, your article failed to be

published. It contains inappropriate content, please check.”

8Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 12: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Sorry, the blog address youʼre visiting doesnʼt exist.

Sorry, the page youʼre visiting canʼt be found.

9Thursday, June 4, 2009

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Ai Weiweiʼs blog

“This blog has been closed”

This week

10Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 14: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Ai Weiweiʼs blog

“This blog has been closed”

This week

10Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 15: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Ai Weiweiʼs blog

“This blog has been closed”

This week

“The system is undergoing maintenance. Service is planned to resume early on the 6th”

10Thursday, June 4, 2009

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Anti-censorship Protest video: “song of the grass mud horse”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0

“cao ni ma” =“grass mud horse” (alpaca sheep)

草泥马

12Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 19: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Anti-censorship Protest video: “song of the grass mud horse”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0

*你妈

Same sounds, different tones =“F***your mother”

“cao ni ma” =“grass mud horse” (alpaca sheep)

草泥马

12Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 20: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”

13Thursday, June 4, 2009

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Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”

“Harmonious”

“He xie”

“Harmonious Society”Slogan of President Hu Jintao

13Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 22: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”

“Harmonious”

“He xie”

“Harmonious Society”Slogan of President Hu Jintao

三个代表

“Three Represents”Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin

“san ge dai biao”

13Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 23: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”

“Harmonious”

“He xie”

“Harmonious Society”Slogan of President Hu Jintao

“Rivercrab”

三个代表

“Three Represents”Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin

“san ge dai biao”

13Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 24: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”

“Harmonious”

“He xie”

“Harmonious Society”Slogan of President Hu Jintao

“Rivercrab”

三个代表

“Three Represents”Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin

“san ge dai biao”

代三个表

“dai san ge biao”

“Wears three watches”

13Thursday, June 4, 2009

Page 25: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

River crab muzzles Twitter bird

14Thursday, June 4, 2009

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River crabs vs. alpaca sheep

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Prime Minister Wen Jiabaoʼs 2-hour live chat with “netizens”

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Prime Minister Wen Jiabaoʼs 2-hour live chat with “netizens”

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“E - Congress”http://elianghui.people.com.cn

Sign up for a “membership

badge”

Two suggestions for fighting corruption

Crackdown on ads for illegal medicine as hard as the anti-porn crackdown

Suggestions for improving safety in coal mines

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Page 30: Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

Somebodyʼs proposal to abolish one child policy

“End the one-child policy, restore

population growth to a sustainable rate”

Don’t we have enough people?

Uphold the reproductive rights of the Han Chinese race!

Reward single childless people with free health care...

Deng Xiaoping himself said that the one-child policy would be for 30 years!

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Internet heroine Deng Yujiao

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ImprisonedOnline political organizers

Liu Xiaobo

Zeng Jinyan & Hu JiaHuang Qi

20Thursday, June 4, 2009

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Cyber-nationalism:Anti-Tibet independence video

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Cyber-nationalism:Anti-Tibet independence video

21Thursday, June 4, 2009

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Cyber-nationalism:Anti-Tibet independence video

21Thursday, June 4, 2009

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Liberals vs. Nationalists

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freedom vs. control

Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg

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freedom vs. control

Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg

23Thursday, June 4, 2009