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A tidal wave of new wearable tech, 3D sensors and displays is coming that will bring computers into our 3D world, and it's coming this year or the next. This presentation goes over the enabling technology (depth sensor, object tracking & recognition algorithms, better cpus and batteries), surveys several new devices coming out, and finally talks about the societal implications of having computers so much more tightly integrated into our world.
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Interfaces of the Future, Available NowAugmented Reality Displays, Google Glass, 3D Sensors bringing computers into the 3D World.
March 10th, 2014
Where’s My Flying Car?
So many future promises from movies, so little delivery!
Minority Report Hand Gesture Interface, Now Available
Leap Sensor ($70) Demonstration
Finger and palm tracking, object translation, scaling and rotation.
Talk Outline● Consumer Technology Enabled Experiences
○ Augmented Reality○ Wearable & Pervasive Computing○ Gestural Control
● Technology○ 3D Sensing○ Displays○ Wearable
● New device survey● Societal Implications
Terminator vision
Sentrinsic Background● Formed in 2006 on patented linear sensing tech from
GaTech lab● Developed embedded control
system to improve efficiency of Air-Operated Diaphragm Pumps
Sentrinsic Background● Mobile Integration○ Bluetooth Pump Monitoring○ Customer iPhone app
■ Scan pumps for documentation, order parts, track maintenance
■ Product: EquipCodes.com
● Augmented Reality○ Maintenance○ Operation Theory○ Training
● Google Glass Manufacturing Assembly Training app
EquipCodes app
Augmented Reality● What is it?● Examples
○ 1st & 10 yellow line○ Simple text
■ translations■ nearby attractions■ instructions
Augmented Reality Demos● Pump Maintenance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYpl0PD5Le4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHfY56lHZjU
● Circuit Building Guidehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfVQ4N-u0sk
Vein VisualizationEvana Eyes-On™ Glasses multi-spectral imaging
Enabling Technology● Improved cameras, processors, memory● Pose estimation
○ Fiducial tracking○ Texture feature-based tracking○ SLAM - Simultaneous Location and Mapping○ 3D Sensors
Fiducial Tracking
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/artoolkit/Papers/ART02-Tutorial.pdf ARToolKit Algorithm
Goal: find pose of camera (Rotation and Translation matrix)
Texture Feature Matching● Find interesting points (corners)
○ independent of orientation, scale, lighting● Use surrounding area to develop fingerprint of feature
(128 pt vector, robust to skew).● Based on neuron
receptors in visualcortex, sensitiveto spatial gradients
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints, Lowe 2004
Also used for Image Stitching - Using Feature Recognition
Texture Tracking
Tracking Texture Features tracked using Vuforia SDK
Texture Feature Matching● Compare feature vector against database (Euclidian
distance).● Can’t be regular pattern (checker board)● High contrast required● Glare problematic● Tracker must be large
relative to graphics toprevent jitter, misalignment.
Extensible Tracking● Environment unknown beforehand● SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) or PTAM (Parallel
Tracking and Mapping)○ Structure from Motion - Autodesk’s 123D○ Scene should be static○ For overlays, requires initial registration, not for games○ Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7ierVkXYa8 (3D structure from 2D pictures)○ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9HMn6bd-v8#t=50 (real-time map generation on iPhone)
● For overlays that must match exactly, still need some initial alignment.○ Edge Based tracking using 3D Models
■ Uses extensible tracking, initialized with best fit edge of model. (Metaio SDK, Sept, 2013)
○ Small tracker can still be used
Cameraless TrackingGPS, compass, gryo,
accelerometerIlluminated Tracking
CastAR’s head tracking uses IR LEDsNokia City Lens
Depth Sensors● Skips over many challenges with regular
camera tracking○ Directly measures object depth○ Can handle “featureless” textures (everything same color)○ Still requires object recognition○ Primarily used for body / hand tracking
● Examples○ Kinect, Leap Motion, Laser range finder
How Kinect (ver 1) works● Structured Lighting (Infrared)
video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uq9SEJxZiUg
Kinect (ver 1) Drawbacks● Affected by Sunlight● Multiple kinects would conflict● Minimum distance several feet - bad for
robotics and hand tracking (low resolution)● Very cheap, though!
Time of Flight Sensor● Uses speed of light and arrival time of reflected pulses
to calculate distance● Extremely small times:
○ D = t * c / 2, 1cm → 66ps○ 3 GHz cpu → 333ps
● Advantages: more compact (no separation between sensor and emitter), simplier calculation, higher resolution
● Kinect v2, Soft Kinetic sensor.
3D Sensing Applications● Augmented Reality● Body tracking
○ general computer gestural control, more natural○ gaming - Dance games○ head tracking - CastAR, Virtual Reality○ 3D design / printing
Google Project Tango● Adding depth sensors to phones● Incorporating mapping and tracking
technology● Applications
○ visually impaired navigation○ instant measurement of
home dimensions○ store & shelf navigation
video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qe10ExwzCqk
Wearable Phones?
Many of the applications make more sense if you don’t have to hold a phone!
● Maintenance - hard to hold iPad with wrench!
● Mapping
Wearable / Pervasive Computing
● Google Glass○ Bad for AR?
■ Battery life■ Camera can’t be on constantly■ Small field of View, not in direct
line of sight○ Can’t focus on glass and outside
world - looking on wiki mid conversationjust as disruptive on Glass as on phone. (driving?)
Google Glass Field of View - Vignette Greg Roberts GlassFAQ
Google Glass Pros● We check our phones 110 times / day● Better for contextual information
○ Incoming emails and texts○ nearby places of interest○ Instructions - following and creating (mfr DEMO)
● Voice recognition is great● Capturing spontaneous or 1st person videos● Looks cool, lightweight, viable wearable● No tether
Head Mounted Display HistorySteve Mann
Thad Starner - GaTech!from 1993
Wearable Tech not new! Just more compact and marketed! Battery & CPU finally getting small and cheap enough.
More head mounted options● GlassUP
○ $300 ○ small screen○ tethered
● Recon Jetdesigned for Sporting$600, shipping May?
● Meta Pro○ Does what people think Google Glass does○ built-in depth sensor, potential
Iron Man / Minority report int.○ 40 degree Field of View
(vs 14 degree on Glass)○ $3650, shipping Sept○ tethered controller
CastAR & Spacial AR● Projection on reflective mat● Head tracking via LEDs● Hologram effect● form of Spatial AR
interaction w/ projections
Oculus Rift / Crystal Cove● Primarily for gaming, Virtual Reality● Fully immersive 110 deg Field of View● Head tracking via accel, gyro sensors,
markers on ver2● Some have added cameras to achieve
Augmented Reality effect○ Solves delay problems with see-thru displays
● Motion sickness problem - display must react quickly to head movement.
● Requires fast frame rates to trick brain
Video: Oculus Rift with 2 Cameras achieves Augmented Realityhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bc_TCLoH2CA
Technology Hurdles● Latency: see-through AR must be faster.
○ Google glass small screen prevents motion sickness, but lag will be more jarring in large screens
● Dimming screen○ per-pixel dimming not viable yet, see-through text can
get washed out. (Video pass-thru helps)● Better, Smaller, Faster (Battery, CPU, screen)● Object & Gestural recognition algorithms
Societal Implications● Always on camera● How do we have a conversation with computer
distractions? Wearable manners?● Engineering - Design in 3D with hands, more natural
gestural control● Job Creation?
○ Reverse of robotic automation - use adept human dexterity ○ Enhance human capabilities via internet, AI or remote assistance.○ Remote diagnostics, field service, DIY repair
Conclusion & Final Thoughts
● Consumer Computers sense and project in 3D space
● Technology more pervasive / always on via wearable implementations
● Content is major bottleneck● If useful, appearance won’t matter
Contact● Scott Driscoll
○ [email protected]○ plus.google.com/+ScottDriscoll○ blog: ImponderableThings.com ○ youtube: CuriousInventor
● Company Website: EquipCodes.com● Software Tools
○ Vuforia, Unity, Metaio, Google App Engine