A-LEVEL R

EVISIO

N

SESSIONS

Mondays 3.15 – 4.15pm

LS10

Miss Bowe

LAST WEEK

• Concluded Anatomy and Physiology topics

• Looked at different ways to revise

• Designed own revision games

• Looked at Acquisition of Skill topics

THIS WEEK

Aim:

To learn about the way in which information is processed within the brain and reacted to

Topic:

Information Processing

INFORMATION PROCESSING

When performing a skill,

many decisions must be made.

e.g. an overhead clear in badminton, we must decide …

• where to aim the shot

• how hard to hit it

• where to position ourselves afterwards

INFORMATION PROCESSING

The decision making process is as shown below

THE THEORIES

There are two theories for information processing/motor control

• The Open Loop Theory

• The Closed Loop Theory

TASK (8 minutes)

Using flipchart paper see what you can remember?

OPEN LOOP THEORY

• Decisions are made in the brain

• All information for one movement is sent in a single message

• The muscle receive the message and perform the movement

• Feedback doesn't control or effect the action

• Examples are …

• fast continuous movements (e.g. a golf swing)

CLOSED LOOP THEORY

• Decisions are made in the brain

• Not all of the information is sent together

• Information is received by the muscles to initiate the movement

• Feedback is always available and is vital to correct movement patterns and adjust to changing needs

• Examples are … slow movements but not fast movements

CLOSED LOOP THEORY

RESPONSE TIME

What is your definition of response time?

A persons ability to

1. take in

2. process information

3. make a decision

4. put this into action

SPORTING EXAMPLES

TASK (60 seconds)describe an example from your sport

The first presentation

e.g. an unexpected shot in football

To the end of your reaction movement

e.g. the goalkeeper diving to save it

HICK’S LAW

The more choices, the longer it takes make one and to respond

OTHER FACTORS

TASK (5 seconds)what other factors affect response time?

Choose a card and let the others guess your factor

- Act it out

- Charades

- Mime

- Medium of dance

AGE

Reaction time speeds up as we develop through childhood and into adulthood, to an optimal point

where it then deteriorates again

GENDER

Males tend to have a faster response time than females, although this deteriorates more rapidly in

old age.

PRESENTATION AND INTENSITY OF STIMULUS

The stronger the stimulus the faster the reaction

Easier to focus and select an action if the stimuli stands out

from the irrelevant information

EXPERTISE

The ability to use past experiences to select the correct reaction speeds up the response time

FAMILIAR STIMULI

If the stimulus is expected then the reaction is quicker

than if it is unexpected.

e.g. a goalkeepers reaction to a penalty will be faster than their reaction to an unexpected shot

ANTICIPATION

When movements required for the reaction are prepared and

began before the stimulus occurs.

This is known as spatial anticipation.

e.g. false start by a sprinterthey were anticipating the gun andthe motor programme began too early!

PSYCHOLOGICAL REFRACTORY PERIOD

A delay in response to a second stimuli which comes

in close succession to the last.

e.g.

a dummy or fake movement like a spin

works to put the defender

off as they initiate a response which they

must stop and correct