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Improving Evalua/ons and U/liza/on with Sta/s/cal Edge: Nested Data Designs and Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) CES Conference June 10 2013 Marci Pernica Ministry of Community and Social Services Judith Godin – J Godin Consul7ng

Improving evaluations and utilization with statistical edge nested data designs and hierarchical linear modeling

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Page 1: Improving evaluations and utilization with statistical edge  nested data designs and hierarchical linear modeling

Improving  Evalua/ons  and  U/liza/on  with  Sta/s/cal  Edge:  Nested  Data  Designs  and  

Hierarchical  Linear  Modeling  (HLM)    

CES  Conference  -­‐  June  10  2013  

Marci  Pernica  -­‐  Ministry  of  Community  and  Social  Services  Judith  Godin  –  J  Godin  Consul7ng  

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•  The  goal  of  this  presenta0on  is  to  introduce  the  concept  of  HLM  and  explain  how  it  can  be  used  in  program  evalua0on    

 

Introduc0on  

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What  is  Hierarchical  Linear  Modeling  (HLM)  

•  HLM  is  a  sta0s0cal  technique  to  analyze  data  that  is  structured  in  hierarchies  (or  “nested”)  •  To  account  for  the  fact  that  people  that  are  “clustered”  or  

“nested”  within  the  same  group  have  more  in  common  than  if  they  were  independent  random  samples  

   Classroom  1   Classroom  

2   Classroom  3  

Student  4  

Student    2  

Student  5  

Student  3   Student  8  Student  7  Student  6   Student  9   Student  10  

Student  11  

Student  12  

Nested  data  designs  

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Student  

Class  

School  

District  

Hierarchical  Structure  –  mul0-­‐level    

age   I.Q  

Measuring  test  scores  (dependent  variable)  

Independent  variables  

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•  HLM  enables  a  more  robust  analy0c  approach  for  nested  data  (than  regression  or  ANOVA)  •  Data  in  evalua0on  are  oZen  nested  

•  To  determine  success  condi*ons  for  the  program  –  e.g.  is  the  program  more  suitable  for  certain  sub-­‐popula0ons  or  more  successful  if  delivered  in  a  certain  way  

Why  Use  HLM  in  Evalua0on  

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Program  design  structure  

Data  structure  

Evalua0on  ques0ons  -­‐  Which  par0cipant  or  site-­‐level  characteris0cs  are  most  influen0al  in  

explaining  the  varia0on  in  test  scores  among  the  program  par0cipants?  

-­‐  What  program  delivery  characteris0cs  (site  level  prac0ces)  seem  to  be  having  the  most  posi0ve  impact  on  the  par0cipants’  test  scores?  

-­‐  Are  some  program  features  more  suited  to  certain  sub-­‐popula0ons  (e.g.  gender,  age  group,  ethnic  or  cultural  group)  

 

Applying  HLM  in  Evalua0on  

Page 7: Improving evaluations and utilization with statistical edge  nested data designs and hierarchical linear modeling

Par0cipant  1  

Site  1   Site  2   Site  3  

Par0cipant  4  

Par0cipant  2  

Par0cipant5  

Par0cipant  3  

Par0cipant  8  

Par0cipant  7  

Par0cipant  6  

Par0cipant  9  

Par0cipant  10  

Par0cipant  11  

Par0cipant  12  

Example  of  levels  of  a  hierarchical  model  

Par0cipants  (level  1)  nested  within  sites  (level  2)  

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Assessing  test  scores  by  age  from  site  to  site  

Test  Score  

Age  

Four  different  program  sites  

Although  the  test  scores  differ  from  site  to  site,  the  rela0on  between  age  and  test  score  is  the  same  at  different  sites  

Page 9: Improving evaluations and utilization with statistical edge  nested data designs and hierarchical linear modeling

Student  1   Student  2   Student  3  

Baseline  

Month  7  

Month  1  

Month  12  

Month  6   Month  9  Month  8  Month  6   Baseline   Month  2   Month  4   Month  6  

Assessing  change  over  0me  

Assessments  across  0me  (level  1)  are  nested  within  individuals  (level  2)  (i.e.  repeated  measures  design)  

Page 10: Improving evaluations and utilization with statistical edge  nested data designs and hierarchical linear modeling

Assessing  improved  performance  over  0me  

Test  Score  

Time  

Four  different  study  par0cipants  

Although  some  individuals  have  higher  test  scores  to  start  with,  the  rate  of  change  (improved  performance)  is  comparable  among  the  par0cipants  

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Tradi0onal  Methods  

Test  Score  

Age  

Rela0on  between  age  and  test  score  es0mated  once  for  all  sites  together  

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Advantages  of  HLM  

Test  Score  

Age  

Four  different  program  sites  

Here,  the  rela0on  between  age  and  test  score  varies  across  sites.  

Are  there  any  site  level  variables  associated  with  the  strength  of  this  rela0on?  

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Design  Considera0ons  for  Using  HLM  

•  Sample  size  – Par0cipant  level  – Site  level  – Repeated  measures  

•  Missing  Data  – Can  be  easy  or  difficult  to  deal  with  

•  Number  of  variables  – Comprehensive  coverage  – Parsimony  

 

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Final  Thoughts    

•  Applying  HLM  in  evalua0ons  with  nested  data  enables  more  robust  results  and  conclusions  

•  U0liza0on-­‐focused    –  Iden0fy  evidence-­‐based  success  factors  or  condi0ons  for  improving  the  program  delivery  model,  to  ul0mately  achieve  beger  program  effec0veness    

– Promo0ng  the  value  in  evalua0on  (gathering  the  evidence  to  determine  the  ‘success  factors’  for  the  interven0on  to  be  effec0ve)    

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Ques0ons?  

 Marci  Pernica      [email protected]    Ministry  of  Community  and  Social  Services    Judith  Godin    sta/s/[email protected]  Independent  Consultant