Image of township -

considering streets and open space

It is the streets, plazas, squares, parks,and other urban public spaces that have the potential

to be “THE STAGE UPON WHICH THEDRAMA OF COMMUNAL LIFE UNFOLDS”

AIM:The task is to understand the street patterns and open space (familiar space) in township, analyzing them in existing townships to know what it creates .

OBJECTIVE:•The objective is to understand the social aspects of open space and street patterns.•Is to understand the function of open space and street patterns.•To study the hierarchy of streets and open space.• The objective is to study the human behavior in social public space ,which connects the humanity and the built environment.•The objective is to develop a well-designed transportation system and open space environment to efficiently circulate people, goods and building the environment, while maintaining a high level of safety. •To analyze the image (physical, social, individual) of open space and street patterns in township.

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3 stage4

STUDY

Live study

Analysis Quantitative Analysis and survey

Streets constitute a significant part of open public space - functional, social, andleisure needs of people which contributes to the economic growth, physicalhealth of people, and a sense of community.

advantage of neighbourhood commercial streets - support social interaction. - distinctive character and ambience, - pedestrian-friendly.

street is a social space rather than just a channel for movement

Streets

Lively Streets

as full of life and energy, animated, exciting, full of activity and stimulating, and even bright and colourful, bouncy, or springy,

Liveliness – with people and activities be attributed to the presence and interaction of people.Variations in activities result in perceived liveliness of a street.people walking through it: a dynamic activity.static or stationary activity.

a lively street is defined as a street withthe presence of a number of people engaged in a variety of predominantly stationary andsustained activities, particularly those activities

that are social in nature. “physically active” communities.

Streets as Primary Urban Public Space

Think of a city and what comes to mind? Its streets. If a city’s streets look interesting, the city looks interesting; if they look dull, the city looks dull

consumer culture and the need for active and passive engagement and interaction, relaxation, and leisure also supports the

concept of public life .

Neighbourhood Commercial Streets

by mixing various land uses we can achieve a

more vital, vibrant, attractive, safe, viable, andsustainable pattern of urban lifestyle

important characteristics that people look for – the liveliness and diversity of the predominantly core areas.

Quality of street

Streets as Social Space: the street is a social space rather than a channel for movement

the primary activity of acquiring goods and services, people go shopping to meet and spend time with their friends, to look around and people-watch, and to walk around

social affiliation and interaction, sensory stimulation, and other leisurelyactivities among important and basic motives for shopping behaviour

through repeated short-term contacts people grow to trust their fellow citydwellers who may otherwise be total strangers

the street, as a social space, can playmultiple roles and offer social contact and

interaction, social awareness and learning, and social cohesion.

Human Behaviour as a Basis for Design

According to human need the behaviour changes

Human Needs: A Sense of Comfort and Pleasure on the Street

physiological needs, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization, and cognitive andaesthetic needs in the built environment

shelter and security, social contact, symbolic identification, task instrumentality,pleasure, and growth

it is argued that if the builtenvironment can house and support desired activities, human patterns of interaction, and human patterns of movement, it can satisfy most of the range of human needs

Sense of Safety on the Street

sense of real and perceived safety is affected by the characteristics of the environment

people perceived streets to besafer where there were trees, and the grass was maintained . A presence of stores and other non-residential properties

Basic components of surveillance

Sense of Belonging: Community Places

It is suggested that associations with people, places, and events contributes to a sense of familiarity and belonging to the community

Social activities included talking, eating or drinking, walking pets, window-shopping, playing a game, and performing or watching a performance on the street with one or more companions

Human behaviour – social activities

Duration of StayWalk-by observations shows concentrations of people along many block segments

Liveliness IndexA measure of the combination of: 1) the number of people engaged in stationary activities;2) the number of people in groups of two or more engaged in some stationary social activity and;3) their duration of stay.

Location of Activities and Use of Physical Elements

Zones of Activity

The third zone was used to perform the majority of the stationary and socialactivities observed on the street, such as sitting, people-watching

The second zone was primarily for pedestrian movement

The first zone was along theedges of buildings and was essentially used for entering and exiting, window-shopping

Street quality

FreewaysPrincipal Arterial StreetsMinor Arterial StreetsCollector StreetsLocal Streets

CLASSIFICATION OF STREETS AS BASED ON FUNCTION

Ref : drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/4165/1/umi-umd-3962.pdf

jpe.sagepub.com/content/27/2/165.refsLively streets ref:

http://www.teachingheritage.nsw.edu.au/1views/w1v_johnston.html

Open space that is accessible to the public on a constant and regular basis, including for designated daily periods, is defined as "public"

Landscaped medians with seating; Gardens, if publicly accessible , public plazas

Open space

public private

Open space that is not publicly accessible or is available only to limited users and is not available to the public on a regular or constant basis is defined as “private.”

Front and rear yards;

Yards or rooftop recreational facilities used by community facilities, such as public and private educational institutions,

www.griffith.edu.au/urp

Hierarchy of open spaces

Open space that is used for sports, exercise, or

active play is classified as "active open space,"

Open space that is used for relaxation, such as

sitting or strolling, is classified as "passive," includes seating, lawns, gardens.

In the physical dimension, publicspace is “all the parts of the urban fabric to which the public has physical and visualaccess. Thus, it extends from the street, park, square of a town or city into the buildingswhich enclose and line them”

good urban public space is required for the

social and psychological health of modern communities

important to generate, enhance, and sustain a sense of community, to develop a list of social functions served in public spaces

Meaningful urban public space has the ability to support, facilitate, and promotepublic life,

“that public space is an essential arena which providesopportunities for individuals and communities to develop and enrich their lives”

four roles for public space:

i) as an arena for public life;ii) as a meeting place for different social groups;iii) as a space for the display of symbols and images in society;iv) as a part of the communication system between urban activities

active and passive social contact in open public space such as streets provides the setting for the “learning of cosmopolitanism”

urban public space should provide easy and safe access for all, facilitates a variety of activities, fosters self-esteem and sense of belonging, increases awareness and interest in the environment, and provides enjoyment and social contact.

CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN SPACE

•Unit level open space•Cluster level open space

•Neighborhood level open spaceNature - beach, river frontArtifact- sculptures System - microclimate modificationWealth- commercial streets, tourismHabitat- plants, animals, birds and also human use this as their habitat.

"image" the city — that is, how they create and remember mental images of the large-scale environments in which they live.

How to perceive a space ? - IMAGE OF A CITY – Kevin lynch

“The Image of the Environment”. – MENTAL MAPS

workable image of each part. Each of these images will comprise;

1. our recognition of its “individuality or oneness” within the city as a whole,

2. our recognition of its spatial or pattern relationships to other parts of the city,

3. its practical meaning for each of us (both practical and emotional)

1. THE IMAGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1.1 EXPERIENCES IN REALTION WITH SURROUNDINGS

Nothing is experienced in itself, but always in relation to its surroundings, the sequences of events leading to it, the memory of past experiences.

LEGEBILITY

Legibility is a term used to describe the ease with which people can understand the layout of a place. - How Physical qualities make a place more understandable

BUILDING THE IMAGE» IMAGEABALITY

The environment suggests distinctions and relations and the observer – with great adaptability and in the light of his own purposes

Imageability, the quality in a physical object which gives it a high probability of evoking a strong image in any given observer.

Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

Though each individual creates his own image – there is a substantial agreement among members of the same group. – psychology

CITY IMAGE ELEMENTS – PATHS, EDGES, DISTRICTS, NODES, LANDMARKS

Paths :are the channels, They may be streets, walkways, transit lines, canals, railroads ..

-Concentration of activity -Characteristic spatial qualities-Proximity to strong elements – identity-Visual exposure of and from the path-strong directional quality-destination and origin points on paths gives a better sense of bearings

DISTRICTS

areas with perceived internal

which the observer mentally enters ‘inside of,’ and which are recognizable as having some common identifying character"

Ex: midtown, its in-town residential areas, organized industrial areas, train yards, suburbs, college campuses

Strong boundaries enhance the Imageability of a district

Thematic continuity expressed in form of texture, space, form, detail etc is very essential

EDGESThe termination of a district is its edge

"are the linear elements not used or considered as paths by the observer. They are boundaries between two phases, linear breaks in continuity: shores, railroad cuts, edges of development, walls ...

Visually prominent and impenetrable edges seem to be the strongestContinuity and visibility are crucial to Imageability of an edge

Edges are often paths as well.edges have directional qualitiesEdges have a tendency to fragment an environment.

They may be primary junctions, places of a break in transportation, a crossing or convergence of paths, moments of shift from one structure to another.

NODES

A node is a center of activity. Actually it is a type of landmark but is distinguished from a landmark by virtue of its active function. Where a landmark is a distinct visual object, a node is a distinct hub of activity.

Nodes that are essentially intersection of paths, possess high degree of Imageability.

A strong physical form is not very essential for recognition of a node.A node which is unique by itself and also intensifies some surrounding characteristic, seems to be the most successful.

LANDMARKS"are another type of point-reference, but in this case the observer does not enter within them, they are external. They are usually a rather simply defined physical object: building, sign, store, or mountain".

Some landmarks are very small (e.g. a tree within an urban square) and can only be seen close up.

Landmarks are an important element of urban form because they help people to orient themselves in the city and help identify an area.

Landmarks seen from many angles and distances and used as radial references, symbolizing a constant direction

Visual landmarks can be reinforced by other sensations like smell, sound etc

interactive.usc.edu/blog-old/wp-content/.../08/Image_of_the_City.pdf

Opportunities for natural surveillance

GORDON CULLEN: - Townscape

How do we perceive a Place ??

•Possession - Occupied Territory, Possession in Movement – Viscosity•Focal Point•Vista – Grandiose vista and Screened vista

Aranya Housing, Indore

BHEL TOWNSHIP – live case study