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OU 27 April 2015 identity and regret Alan Dix Talis & University of Birmingham http://alandix.com/

Identity and Regret

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Page 1: Identity and Regret

OU 27 April 2015

identity and regret

Alan Dix

Talis & University of Birmingham

http://alandix.com/

Page 2: Identity and Regret

OU 27 April 2015

about me

and what I do

Page 3: Identity and Regret

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University of

Birmingham

Tiree

Tiree Tech Wavenext October 2015

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today I am not talking about …

• intelligent internet interfaces… and dot.com days …

• visualisation and sampling

• situated displays, eCampus,small device – large display interactions

• fun and games, virtual crackers,artistic performance, slow time

• creativity and Bad Ideas

• physicality & TouchIT

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… or …

Alan

Walks

Wales

learning analytics

flip-classroom

and MOOCs

island data,

heritage and

comms

musicology

and the

long-tail of

small data

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… or even lots of lights

http:/www.hcibook.com/alan/projects/firefly/

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... but I will talk about

... a few old things about privacy and information

more about ..

understanding regret

the emergence of selfwork in progress

using computational

modeling

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… a few old things …

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privacy is not monotonic

usual approach – minimise leakage

… but …

restricting / deleting / ignoring some information

may make other information more sensitive

A. J. Dix (1990). Information processing, context and privacy.

Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT'90.

http://alandix.com/academic/papers/int90/

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algorithms have accidental values

machine learning / neural nets may infer rules that:

may not be ethicaland

may not be legal

e.g. jobs and gender discrimination

learning analytics & student progress

A. Dix (1992). Human issues in the use of pattern recognition techniques.

In Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition in Human Computer Interaction.

http://alandix.com/papers/neuro92/neuro92.html

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modelling regret

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K: “do you know the most destructive force

in the universe”

J: “sugar?”

K: “no regret”

Men in Black 3

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why regret?

it seems such a negative emotion

is there some adaptive reason for it?

... or just an accident

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features of regret

• modal/counterfactual “what if” analysis

• worst when you ‘nearly’ averted disaster

• seems to be about learning

so how do we learn ....

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sensesaction

emotion

(3) evaluation

ow! it hurts!

(4) learnt association

touching thorn

is bad

(1) touch thorn (2) thorn pricks

finger

basic reactions - learning

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sensesaction

emotion

(4) veto

(2) learnt association

‘fires’

No action!

(1) about to

touch thorn

(3) bad feeling

basic reactions – moderating action

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sensesaction

(3) learnt

association fires

(1) imagination of

planned action

(2) causes similar

brain activity to

actually doing it!

emotion

(4) veto

basic reactions – moderating intention

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only works for instant effects

so what about delayed effects?

(e.g. poisonous plant)

need imagination!

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sensesaction

emotion

(3) evaluation

“that hurts”

(1) touch plant (2) some time

later your finger

is sore

why?

(4) desire to

make sense

delayed effect – the gap

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sensesaction(7) learnt association

don’t touch that plant

why?

(5) recent salient events

brought to mind

(6) causes simultaneous

activation in

relevant areasemotion

delayed effect – bringing to mind

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sensesaction

(3) evaluation

yuck :-((7) learnt association

drinking beer is yucky

(1) drink beer (2) next morning

feel sick

(4) desire to

make sense

why?

(5) recent salient events

brought to mind

(6) causes simultaneous

activation in

relevant areasemotion

delayed effect – put it together

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and now regret ...

similar but also:

causal connections

moderating emotions

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sensesaction

emotion

(3) evaluation

yuck :-(

(1) drink beer (2) next morning

feel sick

why?

(4) desire to

make sense

regret – the gap

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sensesaction

(7) learnt association

even though action

not obviously linked

or most salient

(5) imagination

causes simultaneous

activation in

relevant areas

emotion

(4) logical deduction of

what mattered

determines what is

brought to mind

(6) causes negative

emotion

“if only I hadn’t”… regret

regret – casual thinking

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sensesaction(7) learnt association

stronger or weaker

depending on

strength of emotion

(5) imagination

causes simultaneous

activation in

relevant areas

emotion

(4) logical deduction of

what mattered

determines what is

brought to mind

(6) logical deduction

of how much

it matters influences

strength of emotion

regret – modifying emotion

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but is it true?

if I were a psychologist

I would run an experiment

if I were a brain scientist

I would do a scan

but as a computer scientist ...

... build a computer model

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model architecture

game

mechanics

stimulus

cards dealt

response

stick/twist

effect

win/lose

SRE

assoclookup and

choose

emotionupdate plug-in

regret

module

post-hoc info.

further cards dealt

modify

basic ML module

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it works!

faster (not better) learning

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the data

no regret

iteration %best

50 87.47

100 94.43

500 97.27

1000 97.94

with regret

iteration %best

50 90.05

100 97.31

150 97.94

1000 98.60

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… and then fixation …

virtual re-exposure …

… and links to dreams, imagination, creativity, etc.

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theory of mind

“Little does she know

that I know that she knows

That I know she’s two-timin’ me”Kursaal Flyers – 1976 (Top 20 hit!)

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ToM – conventional view

1 we know our own minds

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ToM – conventional view

1 we know our own minds

2 we imagine ourselves

in other’s heads

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ToM – conventional view

1 we know our own minds

2 we imagine ourselves

in other’s heads

3 … and attribute thoughts,

intentions, goals

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an alternative account

how do we have the cognitive machinery of self?

look for plausible phylogenic process

also ontogenic parallels in child development

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predicting actions of animals

1 animals think

and react

2 hunter models

animals’

thoughts

to predict

reactions

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predicting actions of humans

1 other people

have models

of us thinking

2 to predict their

reactions we

need model of

them thinking

3 so we get a

model of

ourselves

thinking

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self is an accident of sociality

I is in the eye of an other

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implications (for AI/robotics) …

consciousness

– model TOM first

– consciousness (of self) may follow

emotion

– interpret others’ emotions & model impact of emotion display

– ‘feelings’ may follow

ethics

– when are machines ethical agents?

(a) when we treat them as such?

(b) when they understand we treat them as such?

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privacy

regret

self