HUBBLE TELESCOPE(NASA)Submitted by:

Yatish Bathla

Hamizeh Khalili

INTRODUCTION Named after scientist Edwin

Hubble launch in 24th April 1990. first major optical telescope to

be placed in space Used observe the most distant

stars and galaxies as well as the planets in our solar system.

contributing to understand astrophysical phenomena and bringing the science of astronomy into the public’s awareness

BACKGROUND

observing in the near-infrared through the visible spectrum, to the ultra-violet.

larger the telescope, the fainter and more distant the objects that can be observed.

Placed above the distortion of the atmosphere, far above rain clouds and light pollution

Advantage to avoid atmospheric turbulence HST have an extremely large field of view

which is necessary to obtain high resolution images of large areas of the sky.

FEATURES

allow astronomers to construct the highly detailed dark matter maps of more galaxy clusters

 accurately determining the rate of expansion of the universe

HDF image is the most detailed visible-light image ever made of the universe's most distant objects

gave us our first close-up view of star birth and planet formation

Direct observations of protostars resolve Cepheid variable stars in moderately

distant galaxies Spiral and elliptical shaped galaxies are visible in

the image

WORKING Telescopes based on

Cassegrain telescopes Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) Cosmic Origins

Spectrograph(COS) Advanced Camera for

Surveys(ACS) Space Telescope Imaging

Spectrograph (STIS) Near Infrared Camera and

Multi-Object Spectrometer(NICMOS)

Fine Guidance Sensors(FGS)  solar arrays

DATA MOVEMENT sends and receives information

between Hubble and the Flight Operations Team 

 telescope has two main computers and a number of smaller systems

translate the data into scientifically meaningful units such as wavelength or brightness 

Each year around 1,000 proposals are reviewed and approximately 200 are selected,

SERVICING MISSIONS AND NEW INSTRUMENTSo

Servicing Mission 1High Speed Photometer by

COSTARo Servicing Mission 2GHRS and the FOS by STIS and

NICMOSo Servicing Mission 3Aall six gyroscopes, replaced a

Fine Guidance Sensor and the computer, installed a VIK

o Servicing Mission 3BFOC (the last original

instrument) being replaced ACS. This meant that COSTAR was no longer required

COST AND INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

initial price tag of $1.5 billion (US dollars).While Keck telescopes which cost $94 million (US dollars)

By 1992 costs had increased to $2.5 billion By 1999, approximately $3.8 billion had been

invested Till now estimated total cost will be about $6

billion Between 1990 and 2000 Hubble observed over

25,000 astronomical objects, completed more than 330,000 separate observations

provided the data for more than 2660 scientific papers.

SUMMARY

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a large Earth-orbiting astronomical telescope designed by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA)

Hubble observes the Universe from 380 mi (612 km) above the earth, relaying pictures and data captured above the distortions of Earth's atmosphere

provide scientists with critical data relevant to studies regarding the birth of galaxies, the existence of black holes, and the workings of planetary systems around stars.