ContentsIntroductionComponentsWorking principleModification and
EnhancementsIndustrial applications
IntroductionWhat is a line follower? Line follower is a machine
that can follow a path. The path can be visible like a black line
on a white surface (or vice-versa) or it can be invisible like a
magnetic field.Concept of line follower Its concept is related to
light.We use the behaviour of light at black and white surface in
building this robot.
ComponentsArdino UNO board: This is the brain of this robot in
which the program is loaded to do the required functioning and is
interfaced with sensors and the motor driver to make the system
work as required.Comparator: This gets input from the sensor,
compare it with predefined voltage and send logic 1 to
microcontroller if there is detected a still platform and logic 0
if edge of platform is there.
USB connectorReset buttonDigital I/OMicrocontrollerPower
supplyAnolog I/O
IR TRANSMITTER ( EMITTING DIODE) The IR LED emitting infrared
light is put on in the transmitting unit. IR or VISIBLE light is
emitted from the emitter This emitted light strikes the surface and
gets reflected back. IR RECEIVER (PHOTODETECTOR) Used to detect the
intensity of light reflected. The corresponding analog voltage is
induced based on the intensity of reflected light, which further
compared by comparator and output send as 0 or 1.
Voltage regulator : It is an electrical regulator designed to
automatically maintain a constant voltage level. Motor driver: It
has two channels for driving two motors.Inbuilt transistors for
current amplification and separate power pin for external power
supply to motors.Wheels: In it three wheels are employed, two at
rear end and one end at front. Rear wheels are attached with the
motors and control the steering of robot.
Working principle
SensorsComparatorMicrocontroller Motors
Analog signalDigital signal
When a sensor is on the black line it reads 0 and when it is on
the bright surface it reads 1.In this project we are using two IR
sensors modules namely left sensor and right sensor.When both left
and right sensors senses white than robot moves forward.If left
sensor comes on black line than robot turn left side.If right
sensor sense black line than root turns right until bot sensor
comes on white surface.If both sensor comes on black surface the
robot stops.
Working Principle
Circuit diagram
Modification and EnhancementsThe robot will automatically stop
when an obstacle is in front of it this will be done by employing
some more sensors to it.It would also be capable of carrying some
load with it and placing it some where.
ApplicationsApplicationAdvantagesIndustrial automated equipment
carriers.The robot must be capable of following a line.Automated
cars.Insensitive to environment factors like noise and
lightning.Tour guides in museums and other similar applications.It
should be capable of taking various degrees of turns.Deliver
medications in a hospital.
