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History of Radio History of Mass Communication
Important Inventions Electric dot and
dash telegraph Telephone Wireless telegraph Radio telephone Radio for mass use
1844
1876 1896 1906 Early 1920s
Morse Code Samuel Morse. 1844 Constructed a telegraph machine and
devised a code for each letter by using long and short pulses of electricity.
He was able to attach a pencil to the piece of metal that his electromagnet attached so as to leave a record of the transmission on a moving strip of paper.
Morse Code Samuel Morse. 1844 Obtained grant from US Government Strung copper wire on poles between
Baltimore, Maryland & Washington over 40 miles
From Baltimore in 1844 he sent the message “what Hath God wrought?”
Samuel Morse
Telegraph Office of London Post Office
Transmitter/Receiver Heinrich Hertz. 1887 German Scientist constructed a simple
transmitter and receiver for radio waves
Wireless Telegraph Gugliemo Marconi. 1895 Synthesized Heinrich Hertz’s discoveries of
electromagnetic waves that travelled instantaneously without wires and the concept of transmitting messages encoded in dots and dashes via the electric telegraph
American Marconi Company in 1899
Radiotelephone Reginald Fessenden. 1906 Christmas eve 1906, radio operators along
the Atlantic sea heard a voice reading from a Bible & record & violin playing
Previously only heard dots and dashes
Radiotelephone Reginald Fessenden. 1906
Audion Lee De Forest. 1906 Audion: 3 element vaccuum tube whaich
made more sophisticated circuits and application to amplify signals
Permitted the development of small receivers Radio transmitters and receivers about the
size of a bread box played important roles in WW1
By 1918, pilots could transmit and receive from an airline to the ground
Mass Radio Maritime, Commercial and Government
Use to Mass Medium Small enough for home use Affordable Regularly scheduled programs Clear reception Means of paying for broadcast
David Sarnoff
Proposed to American Marconi Company to broadcast music, sports scores, lectures, weather reports, concerts
Manager, Radio Corporation of America in 1919
Radio Programming
Dr. Frank Comrad was developing transmitting systems for Westinghouse Corporation.
He needed to test the equipment after hours, so he built a transmitter over his garage at home.
Broadcast 2 evenings a week. People sent him postcards and called requesting Victrola records
First Commercial Radio Station KDKA, 1920 Broadcast of the Harding Cox presidential
election A running account of the returns was
phoned in from a newspaper office and read over the air. In between announcements and Banjo music was palyed
Staff of KDKA
Radio Act 1912 Original bill initiated during investigations
re. sinking Titanic US Federal law that mandated that all
radio stations in the US be licensed by the federal government
Seagoing vessels continuously monitor distress frequencies
Did not prescribe frequencies
Radio Act 1927 Government to regulate airwaves in the
interest of the people Established the Federal Radio Commission Broadcasting only on assigned
frequencies, specified power levels and scheduled times
Replaced by Federal Communications Act of 1934
Mass Use By 1922 half million sets were in use By 1925 escalated to five million sets By the end of the decade, 14 million radio
receivers were in American homes
Frequency Modulation Edwin Armstrong. 1933 Developed and patented a new radio signal It was static free Carried higher and lower audio frequencies
than amplified modulation (AM) Ideal carrier for music Court battle with RCA re. using the system for
TV broadcast Committed suicide before the settlement
Discussion Radio in the Great Depression. 1930s Radio in WW ll. 1939 to 1945