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Oral + Written Communication History of Mass Communication

+Activity: What is Communication

+Functions of Communication

  Information Dissemination

  Instruction

  Persuasion

  Debates and Discussion

  Cultural Promotion

  Entertainment

  Transmission of Knowledge

  Social Contact

+History of Communication

  Speech was developed about 200,000 years ago

  Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago

  Writing was developed about 7,000 years ago

+Developments in Communication

Internet

Television

Cinema

Radio

Telegraphy/Radio

Printing Technology/Newspapers

Drum Beats/Smoke Signals/Pigeon Service/Letters/Word of Mouth

+What is Oral Communication

  Oral Communication: Conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be listened to or spoken

  Verbal Oral Communication: Conveyance of information in forms that can be listened to or spoken using words

  Non Verbal Oral Communication: Conveyance of information in forms that can be listened to or spoken using no words (grunts, sighs)

+Story of Human Evolution

+Early Human Beings

  Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus)

  Early human beings did not speak

  Structure of voice boxes like modern apes or chimpanzees

  They could make vocal noises but the human anatomy did not permit delicate control over vocal sounds that are required for speech

+Neanderthals

  Homo Sapiens, Neanderthanlensis

  Has the same limitations as the earlier human beings

  Communicated using gestures, body movements and limited number of sounds

+Cro-Magnons

  Homo Sapiens, Sapiens

  Our direct ancestors

  Same larynx, voice box, tongue and lip structures as modern people

  The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, sit at the top of the windpipe (trachea). They are two folds of tissue stretched across the voice box (larynx). They vibrate, adjusting the flow of air from the lungs, to produce speech sounds.

  Were able to generate and control sounds in intricate ways

  Were able to speak and develop language

+Diagram of larynx

+Written communication

+Sumerian Cuneiform

  Earliest know form of written communication

  Emerged in Summer around 30th century BC

  Pictorial representations on clay

  Cuneiform writing was gradually replaced by the Phoenician alphabet

+Egyptian Hieroglyphics

  The word hieroglyph comes from the Greek hieros (sacred) plus glypho (inscriptions)

  Hieroglyphs could represent the sound of the object or they could represent an idea associated with the object.

  Usually written on papyrus and wood

+Phoenician Alphabet

  The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC.

  Before then the Phoenicians wrote with a cuneiform script.

+Phoenician Alphabet

  The earliest known inscriptions in the Phoenician alphabet come from Byblos and date back to 1000 BC.

  Origins of most alphabetic writing systems can be traced back to the Phoenician alphabet, including Greek, Etruscan, Latin, Arabic and Hebrew, as well as the scripts of India and East Asia.

+Egyptian Papyrus

  Papyrus rolls and early parchments made of dried reeds (light weight + portable)

+Chinese Paper

  Paper was invented by T’sai Lun in 105 AD,

  The word "paper" is derived from the word "papyrus," which was a plant found in Egypt along the lower Nile River.

  Paper, and the pulp papermaking process, was said to be developed in China during the early 2nd century AD (Anno Domini)