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Slides from joint webinar by ThinkSmallCell and IXIA outlining the progress towards HetNets using Small Cells and the solution testing scenarios and capabilities required
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HetNets Up Close: Adding Small Cells to the mix
Webinar 25 March 2014
David Chambers Rahul Iyer
Agenda • Market evoluAon of Small Cells • DensificaAon of mobile networks • Technical challenges • Example use cases of tesAng • Conclusion
Market Driver for HetNets
• >50% CAGR for Mobile data
• High density deployments (urban and enterprise)
• Poor in building coverage
CoordinaAng Small Cells with Macrocells, sharing same frequencies = HetNet Best of both worlds
• 3GPP workshop[1] on how best to grow capacity
[1] June 2012: hUp://www.3gpp.org/Future-‐Radio-‐in-‐3GPP-‐300-‐aUend
4
The different categories of small cells
Enterprise Residen,al Urban Rural
Small Cells
Small Cells Femtocells OR
5
3G Licensed Spectrum
4G/LTE Licensed Spectrum
Unlicensed Spectrum
Planned (locaAon pre-‐determined prior to site build)
Unplanned (locaAon unknown unAl operaAonal)
Planned vs Unplanned
Carrier Wi-‐Fi
Enterprise Wi-‐Fi
ResidenAal Wi-‐Fi
LTE Urban
Enterprise Femtocells
ResidenAal Femtocells
3G Rural Small cells
3G Urban
ResidenAal Femtocells
Enterprise Femtocells
6
Four ways of network densificaAon Macrocell Sector Spli=ng Physical antenna Dedicated macrocell hardware
Remote Radio Heads Physical antenna Dedicated macrocell hardware 2Gbps link between macrocell & radio head
Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Pipes the RF signal around a building. Typically needs dark fibre, remote antenna and macrocell. Can be shared between operators
Small Cells Shrinks full basestaAon capability onto a chip. Requires IP connecAon for backhaul. OpAonally, local controller opAmises between mulAple cells
7
Enterprise Small Cells Technology: Mostly 3G, few LTE, evolving to mulAmode 3G/LTE/Wi-‐Fi Higher RF power = range and capacity = more calls CompaAble with all 3G smartphones. Tens of operators live today, some scaling to 10K’s of sites Primary focus is on deployment speed and business model. Stronger drive for 3G voice than data Likely to be largest revenue driver in short term, because can be quickly deployed. Buys loyalty from building owner, opAon for addiAonal services. Ideal equipment is powered and backhauled via Ethernet.
Enterprise
Different sizes require soluAons
10-‐49 employees
50-‐249 employees
250+ employees
<9 employees 8 User Standalone Femtocell
MulAple 16 User small cells
16 User Standalone Small cell
Distributed Antenna System
Group of small cells with local controller
10-‐49 employees
50-‐249 employees
250+ employees
50-‐249 employees
250+ employees 250+ employees
8
9
Urban Small Cells Previously named “Metrocells” and/or “Picocells” Technology: Most focus on 4G LTE Much higher RF power = range; higher capacity = more calls/data Expected ramp-‐up of LTE or 3G/LTE during late 2014/2015 Primary focus is site acquisiAon, deployment process, backhaul Stronger drive for data capacity in dense urban areas More criAcal to those operators with limited spectrum Likely to be largest revenue driver in longer term, because of wider range of tools, skillsets, capabiliAes required. Ideal equipment is street mounted and backhauled via wired or wireless short haul link to nearby hub/macrocell. Low maintenance = low TCO criAcal.
Urban
DensificaAon Strategy Make most of exisAng macrocell sites
• Expand to use all available spectrum • Add LTE, refarm 2G/3G to 3G/LTE • Expand sectors and/or remote radio heads
IdenAfy and resolve in-‐building issues • Deploy suitable soluAons for
large/small buildings
• Add microcells in high traffic/poor coverage areas (2-‐5W RF power)
• Add further smaller cells to match traffic/usage demand (0.25-‐2W RF)
HetNets involve a wider ecosystem • Deployment:
– Site acquisiAon, installaAon, project management, provisioning
• Opera,ons: – Planning tools, SON (Self-‐Organising Networks),
Performance Management, Geo-‐locaAon • Test and Valida,on:
– De-‐risking prior to deployment, simulaAng network condiAons, troubleshooAng, opAmising
• Services: – Business case, partnerships, outsourcing
Small Cell Forecast
§ Residential Femtocells—not a compelling ROI for operators § Enterprise Small Cells will grow with new business models
§ Big potential but slow growth due to a new business model
§ Carrier-‐deployed Small Cells will grow along with data demand
Annu
al
Summary • Small Cells are mature, proven technology • Can deliver the capacity and performance when tradiAonal
methods exhausted • Requires a different deployment approach
– Scale: More automaAon, simpler installaAon
• Wider eco-‐system becoming involved
EssenAal Steps to Successful Deployments HetNets Up-‐close
25 March 2014
15
• Major LTE carriers have announced small cell plans
• Carrier rollouts have been slow, so far • “4G LTE” key access tech. – high lab test acAvity He
tNet M
arket S
tatus
Source: Mobile Experts -‐ hOp://www.mobile-‐experts.net/ An
nual
16
Challenges Infrastructure
Small Cells
Gateways (eNB, LGW, Offload)
LTE – Wi-‐Fi Convergence
SON
LogisAcal
100s of Use cases
Zoning/Permissions
Backhaul
BSS system and process
HetNet Topology
S1
S1-‐u
S5
HeNB-‐GW
MME Pool
SGW PGW
HSS DRA
PCRF
PDN -‐ www
S1-‐mme
SGi Small cells 3g/4g/Wi-‐Fi
OSS (C-‐SON)
D-‐SON
Wi-‐Fi-‐GW
S2a
HetNet Topology
S1
S1-‐u
S5
HeNB-‐GW
MME Pool
SGW PGW
HSS DRA
PCRF
PDN -‐ www
S1-‐mme
SGi Small cells 3g/4g/Wi-‐Fi
LGW
Private Cloud OSS (C-‐SON)
D-‐SON
Wi-‐Fi-‐GW
S2a
19
Infrastructure Network EvoluAon
New devices (Small cells, GWs)
MulA-‐layer (Macro, small cell)
SON (C-‐SON, D-‐SON)
Backhaul
Challenges
Order of magnitude, topology changes
Mobility, Interference
Great power, Great Responsibility
Planning and OpAmizaAon
20
Valid
a,ng Small Cells
• Evaluate funcAonality – Scheduler, Handover, Bearer, Paging, etc.
• Test under real network configuraAon – Interop, load, subscriber models
• LTE-‐Wi-‐Fi convergence – Load balancing, Wi-‐Fi handover
S1
S1-‐u
S5
HeNB-‐GW
MME Pool
SGW
HSS DRA
PCRF
PDN -‐ www
S1-‐mme
SGi Small cells 3g/4g/Wi-‐Fi PGW
Wi-‐Fi GW
S2a
21
Valid
a,ng Small Cells
SON-‐eICIC
• Surround eNodeB on Uu and X2 • Simulate interference
– Neighbor cell interference over X2 – UL interference over Uu
• Measure eNodeB compensaAon factor
UE SIM
Uu
X2
DUT (source cell)
Ixia (target cell)
1. Simulate interference
Configure • UL Interference • RNTP • ABS
1. Validate impact on UEs
2. X2 Load Indica,on 2. Simulate UL Interference
2. Evaluate Load Indica,on
22
Valid
a,ng Small Cells
SON-‐M
LB
• AutomaAc load balancing based on “triggers” – Cell configuraAon updated in real Ame
• Validate and measure funcAonality – Success rate, opAmizaAon latency
• Test under unique real world condiAons – Loaded neighbor cell, Several target cells
UE SIM
Uu
X2
DUT (source cell)
Ixia (target cell)
Adjust Cell Reselec,on Param.
Renego,ate Handover threshold
Load based HO Request
HO Success
23
eNod
eB GW Tes,n
g
• Evaluate eNodeB-‐GW funcAonality – Paging OpAmizaAon, NNSF, LIPA, SIPTO etc.
• Model and Validate different deployment scenarios – eNB-‐GW as MME Proxy, eNB-‐GW as MME and SGW Proxy etc.
• Evaluate eNodeB-‐GW performance – Under high load (10000s eNodeB 1000000s Subs) – IPSec
S1
S1-‐u
S5
HeNB-‐GW
MME Pool
SGW
HSS DRA
PCRF
PDN -‐ www
S1-‐mme
SGi Small cells 3g/4g/Wi-‐Fi PGW
Wi-‐Fi GW
S2a
24
Wi-‐Fi O
ffloa
d GW
Tes,ng Gi
Ww
Wi-Fi AP UE
PCRF
IP Services
IXIA SUT IXIA
Emulated Interface Internal Interface Traffic Path
Wi-Fi-GW
Network Emula,on Wi-‐Fi Access
• Validate Wi-‐Fi GW FuncAonality – AuthenAcaAon, Interop etc.
• Load, stress GW and measure QoE – PMIPv6, GRE, GTPv1
AAA
PGW
GGSN
4G
3G
S2a
25
Backha
ul Tes,n
g
• Model backhaul through impairment – Simulate DSL, Microwave, Fibre, NLOS etc.
• OpAmize price/performance – QoE • Determine exact backhaul configuraAon
S1
S1-‐u
S5
HeNB-‐GW
MME Pool
SGW PGW
HSS DRA
PCRF
PDN -‐ www
S1-‐mme
SGi Small cells 3g/4g/Wi-‐Fi
Wi-‐Fi Controller
S2a
Impaired Link
26
Summary
• HetNets are crucial to meeAng the growing demand for wireless data services
• HetNets require new technologies to handle vastly larger numbers of cells
• ValidaAng new techniques and technologies is going to be challenging
• Lab and field tesAng with purpose-‐built equipment will be an essenAal ingredient for success
• Book: hetnet.ixiacom.com • For more informaAon:
ixiacom.com/soluAons/hetnet-‐test
Thank you Q&A