Haptic technology

05/03/2023FEEL OF TOUCH 1

HAPTIC TECHNOLOGY

Prashant Thakur

A touch revolution………


List of Content Introduction What haptic mean Human senses Designing Haptic System Component of Haptic System How it works Haptic Devices Types Applications Future Scope Limitations Conclusion References


Introduction

New technologies from the area of virtual reality (VR) now allow computer users to use their sense of touch to feel virtual objects.

Touch is a very powerful sense but it has so far been neglected in computing. State-of-the-art haptic (or force-feedback) devices allow users to feel and touch virtual objects with a high degree of realism.

An artefact’s surface properties can be modelled so that someone using a haptic device could feel it as a solid, three-dimensional object with different textures, hardness or softness.


What Haptic Mean “Haptic”, is the term derived from the Greek word,

“haptesthai” , which means ‘sense of touch’.

Haptic is defined as the “science of applying tactile sensation to human interaction with computers”.

"With this technology we can now sit down at a computer terminal and touch objects that exist only in the "mind" of the computer.


The term "haptics" has been used for years by researchers in human psychophysics who study how people use their hands to sense and manipulate objects.

By using Haptic devices, the user can not only feed information to the computer but can receive information from the computer in the form of a felt sensation on some part of the body. This is referred to as a Haptic interface.


Human Senses: Vision

Auditory system

Touch


Vision The visual sense is based on the level of absorption of light energy by

the eye and the conversion of this energy into neural messages.

The acceptable wavelength range for human eyes is between 0.3 and 0.7m.

The temporal resolution sensitivity of the human visual

system is biologically limited and not sufficient to detect the presentation of sequential video frames past a certain speed


Auditory system

The human auditory system transmits soundwaves through the outer, middle, and innerears.

This sound wave is transformed intoneural energy in the inner ear. It is thentransmitted to the auditory cortex forprocessing.

The audible frequency ofhumans ranges from 16 to 20,000Hz.


Touch

The sense of touch is distributed over the entire body, unlike the other conventional four senses, which arecentralized around specific parts of the body.

The sense of touch is mainly associated with active tactile senses such as our hands touch is twenty times faster than vision, so humans are able to differentiate between two stimuli just 5ms apart.


Haptic Terminology :

HAPTIC CUTANEOUS

TACTILE

FORCE FEEDBACK HAPTIC COMMUNICATION

HAPTIC INTERFACE

KINESTHETIC

HAPTIC DEVICES


HAPTIC RENDERING

SENSOR & ACTUATORS

TELE-HAPTIC

TELE -PRESENCE

HAPTIC PERCEPTION


Example of Tele-Presence Control of Robonaut [NASA-JSC Website].


Designing a Haptic System

Haptic sensations are created by an actuator or motor that is controlled by embedded software andintegrated into a device’s user interface via control software APIs.

Adding an actuator to a device requires a systems-level integration approach to ensure components and software work together to create the best user experience.

The actuator provides mechanical motion in response to an electrical stimulus.


Actuator − In hand-held devices, the actuator is typically mounted in a corner of the device casing to maximize the vibrations felt by the hand holding the device.

Electronics − A haptic system in a hand-held device will use a power amplifier to drive the actuator.

Control Software − The controller takes an abstract instruction from a software application and runs a control algorithm that will continually adjust the voltage applied across the actuator to create the desired sensation.

Application Software − This is the software application that is visible to the device user. It coordinates the playback of touch effects according to prescribed user-interface events.

Component’s of Haptic System:


How It Work Haptic applications use specialized hardware to provide sensory feedback that simulates physical

properties and forces.

When the user moves his fingers, sensors translate those motions into actions on a screen, and motors transmit feedback through the linkages to the user’s fingers.

The screen might show a ball, for example, and by manipulating a virtual hand through the device, the user can “feel” the ball, discerning how much it weighs or the texture of its surface.



Haptic Devices

Haptic devices allow users to touch, feel and manipulate three-dimensional objects in virtualenvironments and tele-operated systems.

Haptic devices are input-output devices, meaning that they track a user's physical manipulations (input) and provide realistic touch sensations coordinated with on-screen events (output).

Examples of haptic devices include consumer peripheral devices equipped with special motors and sensors (e.g., force feedback joysticks and steering wheels) and more sophisticated devices designed for industrial, medical or scientific applications (e.g., PHANTOM).


CYBER GRASP SYSTEM

PHANTOM INTERFACE

Types


Providing a 3D touch to the virtual objects

Provides 6 D.O.F

when the user move his finger, then he could really feel the shape and size of the virtual 3D object that has been already programmed

virtual 3 dimensional space in which the phantom operates is called haptic scene

PHANTOM INTERFACE



CYBER GRASP SYSTEM The Cyber Grasp system fits over the user’s entire hand like an exoskeleton

and adds resistive force feedback to each finger.

Allows 4 D.O.F for each fingers

Adapted to different size of the fingers

Located on the back of the finger

Measure finger angular flexion(The measure of the joint angles are independent and can have a good resolution given the important paths traveled by the cables when the finger shut.



Application’s FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED:

Haptic technology can be incorporated into touchable maps for the blind

To create a map, a video is shot of a real-world location, either an architectural model of a building or a city block.

Software evaluates the video frame by frame to determine the shape and location of every object. The data results in a three-dimensional grid of force fields for each structure.

Using a haptic interface device, a blind person can feel these forces and, along with audio cues, get a much better feel of a city’s or building’s layout


VIRTUAL EDUCATION:

Haptic tools are used in a variety of educational settings, both to teach concepts and to train students in specific techniques.


ENGINEERING: The researcher will feel the shape, texture, finish, weight of his design in the real world.


MEDICINE:

Simulated operations allow surgeons and surgical students to practice and train more. Haptic technology aids in the simulation by creating a realistic environment of touch.


MUSEUM DISPLAY

allow rare, fragile or dangerous objects to be handled

Allow long distance visitors

Improve access for visually disabled people

for 3D digitization of priceless artifacts and objects from their sculpture and decorative arts collections.


ENTERTAINMENT

Haptics is used to enhance gaming experience

software also allows you to program force feedback sensations to your game controller button press

"Submarines" is a PHANTOM variant of the well known battleship game


Future Scope Holographic Interaction The feedback allows the user to interact with a hologram and actually receive tactile response using acoustic radiation pressure

Medical Application Use of a central workstation from which surgeons would perform operations in various locations; with machine setup and patient preparation performed by local nursing staff

Textile Industry User could study and feel the texture and quality of material during the sale of cloth through internet


Limitations: High cost involved

Large weight and size of haptic devices (especially wearable ones)

Haptic interfaces can only exert forces with limited magnitude and not equally well in all directions

haptic-rendering algorithms operate in discrete time whereas users operate in continuous time


We finally conclude that the haptic technology is the solution for interacting with the virtual environment and used widely in many applications.

Haptic device acts as an input and output device tracking user physical manipulations as an input and providing realistic touch sensations as an output coordinated with onscreen events.

This technology must be made available for the affordable cost and the haptic devices must be made simpler and easier to use.

Conclusion


References International Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications, Vol. II, Issue I/III

HAPTIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

S. Sri Gurudatta Yadav, Research Scholar, DRKGI, Hyderabad, India. Dr.R.V.Krishnaiah, PG-Coordinator, DRKGI, Hyderabad, India.

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064

Haptic Technology - A Sense of Touch

B. Divya Jyothi1, R. V. Krishnaiah21 M. Tech Scholar, DRKIST, Hyderabad, India 2 Principal, DRKIST, DRKIST, Hyderabad, India


International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (ISSN: 2277 128X)

Inertia Reduction in Haptic Devices Using Force Feedback Method

Avinash Kumar DubeyDepartment of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering, Jyoti Ohri NIT Kurukshetra, India NIT Kurukshetra, India

http://www.immersion.com/licensing/what-is-haptics/how-doeshaptics-work.html

“Haptic Technology”, Wikipedia [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic




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