GreenBy: Vaibhav D. Sawant

Roll No: 35

Computing

Research Paper Referred

Green Computing –

New Horizon of Energy Efficiency and E-Waste Minimisation –

World Perspective vis-à-vis Indian Scenario

˚ By Sanghita Roy and Manigrib Bag

What is green computing?

The study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems—efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.

Or to be simply put…

Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources.

What is green computing?

It is also known as green IT

Green computing is "Where organizations adopt a policy of ensuring that the setup and operations of Information Technology produces the minimal carbon footprint"

Key issues are energy efficiency in computing and promoting environmentally friendly computer technologies.

About Green Computing

Origins:

In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a voluntary labeling program that is designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics.

WHY GREEN COMPUTING AND WHY GO GREEN

˚ A. Need˚ Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that “For every action, there is an

equal and opposite reaction.”, similarly the consumption of energy sources has a negative reaction on the environment.

˚ The various departments of the IT sectors are continuously using a large amount of power and consequently regular cooling energy is needed to counteract this power usage. It can be an endless circle of energy waste. Hence, the three main reasons that made us realize the need for going green are

˚ 1. Release of harmful gases from electronics.˚ 2. More utilization of power and money.˚ 3. Increase of E-waste and improper standalone pc’s disposals.

WHY GREEN COMPUTING AND WHY GO GREEN

˚ B. Motivation and approaches˚ The biggest problem arising out of the new generation PC’s is that most

of them are run underutilized and then after some time are changed with a new one.

˚ Today’s PC’s are so powerful that they use only a small amount of their capacity. A single PC generates more heat than a 100 watt bulb.

˚ Schools, colleges and offices using PC generally keep them in an air conditioned room.

˚ According to IDC research quoted by VMware on their green computing site, the lack of server consolidation using virtualization costs American businesses more than $140 Billion dollars, with more than 20 million servers producing more than 80 million tons of CO2 per year.

WHY GREEN COMPUTING AND WHY GO GREEN

˚ B. Motivation and approaches

˚ Those figures claim to represent more CO2 emissions than the country of Thailand and more than half of all the countries in South America.

˚ A typical desktop PC with a 17-inch LCD monitor requires about 145 watts—110 watts for the computer and 35 watts for the monitor. If left on 24x7 for one year, this same computer will consume 1,270 kilowatt hours of electricity—that’s enough to release 1,715 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the equivalent of driving 1,886 miles in the average car!.

Approaches to Green Computing˚ Virtualization˚ Algorithm Efficiency˚ Power Management˚ Power Supply˚ Display˚ Storage˚ Material Recycling˚ Telecommuting

Computer virtualization is the process of running two or more logical computer system on one set of physical hardware.

Virtualization

˚ Virtual Servers reduce servers energy consumption

˚ Replacing blade servers in data centre's with virtual servers resulted in 75% reduction in energy usage.

Algorithmic efficiency

˚ The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the amount of computer resources required for any given computing function and there are many efficiency trade-offs in writing programs.

˚ Algorithm changes, such as switching from a slow (e.g. linear) search algorithm to a fast (e.g. hashed or indexed) search algorithm can reduce resource usage for a given task from substantial to close to zero.

˚ A study by a physicist at Harvard, estimated that the average Google search released 7 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Power Management

˚ ACPI allows an operating system to directly control the power saving aspects of its underlying hardware.

˚ Power managements for computer system are desired for many reasons, particularly:

˚ Prolong battery life for portable and embedded systems˚ Reduce cooling requirements˚ Reduce operating costs for energy and cooling

Power Supply

˚ Climate savers computing initiative promotes energy saving and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging development and use of more efficient power supplies.

˚ Desktop computer power supplies (PSUs) are in general 70–75% efficient, dissipating the remaining energy as heat.

˚ A certification program called 80 Plus certifies PSUs that are at least 80% efficient; typically these models are drop-in replacements for older, less efficient PSUs of the same form factor.

˚ As of July 20, 2007, all new Energy Star 4.0-certified desktop PSUs must be at least 80% efficient.

Displays

˚ LCD monitors typically use a cold-cathode fluorescent bulb to provide light for the display.

˚ Some newer displays use an array of light emitting diodes(LEDs) in place of the fluorescent bulb which reduces the amount of electricity used by the display.

˚ LCD monitors uses three times less when active and ten times less energy when in sleep mode.

Video Card

˚ A fast GPU may be the largest power consumer in a computer.

˚ Energy efficient display option include;

˚ No video card- Use a share terminal, shared thing client or desktop sharing software if display required

˚ Use motherboard video output

˚ Select a GPU based on average wattage or performance per watt

Storage

˚ There are three versions of hard disks available, all of which vary in cost, performance and capacity.

˚ Example, Desktop hard drive, Laptop hard drive, and Solid state drive

Telecommuting

˚ Telecommuting is working from a different location using computers, telephones, etc. rather than commuting by car or other mode of transportation to and from a work site.

˚ Benefits the environment in many ways, from preserving the environment to conserving energy.

˚ One way to cut back on business usage of non-renewable resources is by allowing their employees to work from home.

˚ Teleconferencing technologies are often applied in the green computing plan.

Advantages

˚ Increased worker satisfaction

˚ Reduction of greenhouse gas release in terms of traveling

˚ Increased profit limitations

˚ Savings in average annual energy consumption

(resulting from lower overhead costs for office space, heat, lighting, etc.)

Material Recycling

˚ This is done by finding another use for the older system

˚ Donation

˚ Recycling the parts that can be reused and/or disposed of properly

˚ Recycling not only whole parts, but computer parts as well

˚ The amount of electronic waste that leaks out into our landfills is reduced by using computer recycling facilities.

GO GREEN !

Thank You.