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Basic principles in learning any language
No right or wrong in language There is only natural or not natural Communicative can be not natural Language is part of culture. Learn the culture of the people to master a
language. People speaks in accordance t their
geographical and cultural situation.
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Golden Rules
English• No verb, no sentence• One sentence, one
verb• Different time,
different verb• Prefer active sentence• Opposite of Bahasa
Indonesia for order of noun phrases
Bahasa Indonesia• No verb is okay• Adjective in Bahasa
can be Verb in Eng• Different time, the
same verb• Prefer passive
sentence• Opposite of English for
order of noun phrases
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Characteristic No 1
No Verb, No Sentence
My name _____ Herman.
I ______ from Bengkulu.
I _____________ English lecturer.
I ____________ 27.
No Verb is okay
Nama saya Herman. Saya dari Bengkulu. Saya dosen bahasa Inggris.
Umur saya 27 tahun.
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work
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Characteristic No 1: Culture Load
No Verb, No Sentence•England•Four seasons.•More limited land•Less fertile •Producing•To work is to glorify God.•Conclusion: work, work, work Work word (verb)
No Verb is okay•Nusantara, Malay•Two Seasons. •More land•Fertile•Hunting and food gathering•Conclusion: no work is okay no verb is ok.
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Characteristic No 2
One Sentence, One Verb
I was panic.
Are you agree?
Have you ever been written a paper?
Is he doubt with me?
I was went to campus yesterday.
Are you understand?
__________________
I panicked.
Do you agree?
Have you ever written a paper?Does he doubt with me?
I went to campus yesterday.
Do you understand?
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Characteristic No 2: Culture Load
One Sentence, One Verb
Specific
Special clothes for summer: cotton
Special clothes for winter
Special activity in spring: planting/agriculture
Special Activity in autumn: harvest
Special occasion in winter: family gathering
Special occasion in Summer: holiday
Specification in Jobs.
Specification in education:
Produces many experts.
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Characteristic No 3
Different time, different Verb
I eat.
He eats.
He has eaten.
He is eating
He ate.
He is going to eat.
Different time, the same verb
Saya makan.
Dia makan.
Dia sudah makan.
Dia sedang makan.
Tadi, dia makan.
Dia akan makan.
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Time …
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Characteristic No 3: Culture Load
Different time, different Verb3 month/seasonBe on time/punctualTime is money/the sooner the better
To the pointTime is running outHistory is everything
Different time, the same verb6 months/seasonRubber time/jam karetAlon-alon waton kelakon/Biar lambat asal selamatLip service/basa-basiWaktu berjalan cepatEasy to forget history.
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Characteristic No 4:
Prefer Active
I cut my finger.
I twisted my leg.
I fell from my bike.
He called you.
I left my book.
Dad was angry to me.
Indonesia defeated Japan.
Prefer Passive
Jariku terluka.
Kakiku keseleo.
Aku terjatuh dari sepeda.
Kamu dipanggil dia.
Bukuku ketinggalan.
Aku dimarahi ayah.
Jepang dikalahkan Indonesia.
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Characteristic No 4: Culture Load
Prefer Active
Individualism
I (in capital)
Appreciate individual achievement
Easy to give and take compliment
Prefer Passive
Collectivism
Saya, aku (not capital) Anda (is capital)
No show-off / ojo dumeh
Difficult to give and take compliment
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When to use passive
To avoid conflict
My boss fired me. (active)
I got fired. (passive)
To reduce the subjectivity in academic work
I did some processes in this research and in my opinion, I have done all of them carefully.
Some processes were done in this research and they were done carefully.
No doer
I got wet/I am mistaken/It is stolen.
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Characteristic No 5
Opposite of Bahasa Indonesia for order of noun phrases
Hidup saya
Teman baik dia
Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi
1234
Opposite of English for order of noun phrases
Life my my life
Friend best her her best friend
Directorate General Education High 4321
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The order of noun phrasesopinion condition size age color origin materi
alNoun
interesting
beautiful big old brown Indonesian
wooden
house
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
rumah kayu Indonesia
(berwarna ) Coklat
(berumur) Tua
(yang) Besar,
Indah, , dan menarik
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Characteristic No 5: Culture Load
Opposite of Bahasa Indonesia for order of noun phrases
West : where the sun sets
Last name: Mr. Obama
The most important is the last.
e.g:
Opposite of English for order of noun phrases
East: where the sun rises
First name: Pak Herman
The most important is in the first.
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Remember
Learning language is learning the culture. Think in English people way when you want
to communicate in English. Do not memorize formula but understand the
reason why a rule is used. Live in the life of the language.
