Giulia Melis - research and paper proposals for WG2

Diapositiva 1 di 15 Madrid, 16/12/2013

Research and paper proposals for WG2

COST TU1204

Giulia Melis


Using the web to create, assemble and disseminate geographic information provided voluntarily by individuals. Sites like Wikimapia, OpenStreetMap, Picasa (geotagged images) are acting like a global patchwork of geographic information. -  Why individuals engage voluntarily in mapping? -  Who are they (profile)? -  Is this kind of data reliable? -  How is it changing the standards of conventional geography? (state led

àpeople)

-  Is this process going to threat individual privacy?

-  What about digital divide? (equity issues)

VGI – Volunteered geographic information


Using human-carried mobile devices for sensing •  Smartphone, Tablet PC, PDA, MP3 player

Differences from a traditional wireless sensor network

•  Devices are no owned and managed by a single authority •  Devices are have much more powerful resources •  Devices have dynamic mobility •  Sensing data are more related to interactions between people

and between people and their surroundings •  People are no longer just passive data users but also active data

contributors Main obstacle to its widespread deployment and adoption

•  Privacy concerns of participating individuals •  Ex. Study of the relationship between air quality and health Desired sensing data : heart rates, blood pressure, and weights

People-centric urban sensing system


Some governments/city council now gather geographic information online from residents, relying on their observations of local needs or problems.

These shifts are critical to understanding the societal impacts of VGI, because they have the potential to alter which individuals and institutions can and do act as data producers, with implications for access, participation, power relations, and data content. More specifically, researchers envision an expansion in the number and diversity of individuals and social groups that create data,

Others note especially that the new forms of knowledge production enabled by these technologies may well be problematic, fostering further erosions of privacy and new forms of surveillance (Jain 2007; Obermeyer 2007; Sieber 2007; Forest and Torkington 2008).

VGI and Urban sensing: societal shifts


People-centric urban sensing is a new paradigm gaining popularity. A main obstacle to its widespread deployment and adoption are the privacy concerns of participating individuals. Review of how this problem is being treated. How societies are trying to overcome it? Examples: softwares like PriSense, a novel solution to privacy-preserving data aggregation in people-centric urban sensing systems. PriSense is based on the concept of data slicing and mixing or others? PPR –Participatory Privacy Regulation ….

VGI and Urban sensing: privacy issues


State of the art of applications: how data generated by users have been part of decision processes for real scopes? VGI for planning practice and site design process Focus on EU countries Issues: reliability of data (reputation schemes), professional view vs users’view?, shift in experts’ practices?, added value? How to stimulate participation in EU? gaming, prizing, etc..

VGI and Urban sensing: participation


Bishr, M. and W. Kuhn (2007). "Geospatial information bottom- up: A matter of trust and semantics". In S. Fabrikant & M. Wachowicz (Eds.), The European information society: Leading the way with geo-information (pp. 365–387). Berlin: Springer Bruns, A. (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond. From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang. Goodchild, M.F. (2007). "Citizens as voluntary sensors: spatial data infrastructure in the world of Web 2.0" International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research 2: 24–32. (437) McLaren, R. (2009). "The Role of Urban Sensing in Managing Megacities". Proceedings of the FIG Commission 3 Workshop: Spatial Information for Sustainable Management of Urban Areas, Mainz, Germany. February. Sieber, R. (2006). “Public participation geographic information systems: A literature review and framework”. Annals of the American Association of Geography, 96(3), 491–507.

Spot references


CASE STUDY REPORT

The project aims at developing a tool supporting decisions about territory (SDSS) that combines geo-related databases with a versatile range of two and three dimensional visualizations. The tool, built by combining the capabilities of two popular software (Rhinocerons® and its plugin Grasshopper), displays real-time data collected during the discussion, in order to visualize scenarios and facilitate the discussion and the acquisition of information, overcoming the difficulties due to the different technical skills of decision makers. InViTo is also compatible with different data gathering methods and multicriteria analysis Highest flexibility both in the data can be acquired, both in the methods for the definition of the dynamics, both in the type of visualization. Use of open data. User friendly interface.


HOW DOES IT WORK

1. Data collection aim to define indicators and build scenarios (info, projects on going, GIS)

2.Definition of impact funcions and weighing for each indicator (surveys and discrete choice)

3. Construction of data base needed to implement the model.

4. Construction of interactive model 5. Thematic visualization of output

SiTI’s SDSS research


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVpm1EW7z-s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-874d4SK7F8


CASE STUDY REPORT

Evaluating the Impact of Structural Policies on Health Inequalities and their Social Determinants, and Fostering Change (SOPHIE) Health inequalities are unfair and avoidable differences in health between population groups defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically. They are strongly affected by the circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, and by the policies influencing these circumstances. SOPHIE aims to generate new evidence on the impact of structural policies on health inequalities, and to develop innovative methodologies for the evaluation of these policies in Europe.


Health equity impacts of urban renewal interventions in Turin On one hand, we are evaluating the health equity impact of renewal interventions of different nature in three Turin neighbourhoods, combining multiple controlled time series analysis and a qualitative evaluation of perceived effects among the exposed population, to understand how and for whom the intervention worked. Parallel to this, as a "macro view" of the city, social inequalities in mortality and morbidity in Turin are being mapped over time (1971-2011) together with neighbourhoods structural and social characteristics and urban renewal interventions (1991-2011), and their association will be studied with appropriate multivariate methods.

WP4 – Built Environment


1971 2001

1991 1981

emigra.on

death emigra.on

death emigra.on death

birth immigra.on

birth immigra.on

birth immigra.on

Causes of death Cancer incidence

Hospitaliza.on

Diabetes Drug prescrip.ons

birth immigra.on

emigra.on death

Neighbourhood renewal interventions


Mapping…


Covariates Period of availability Source Ageing index 1971-‐2011 TLS Func.onal mix 1995 and updates Geoportale Comune di Torino F u n c . o n a l i n t e g r a . o n – commercial ac.vi.es

2005 Geoportale Comune di Torino

Public spaces – pedestrian areas 2011-‐2013 Geoportale Comune di Torino Public spaces – Green areas 2005 Geoportale Comune di Torino Public services – Sport facili.es 2012 Geoportale Comune di Torino Public services – Free .me facili.es 2011-‐2013 Geoportale Comune di Torino

Public services – Educa.on facili.es 2011-‐2013 Geoportale Comune di Torino

Mobility – Public transport 2011-‐2013 Geoportale Comune di Torino Depriva.on index 1981 – 1991 – 2001

(2011) TLS (census)

Segrega.on index* 1981 – 1991 – 2001 (2011)

TLS (census)

Gentrifica.on index (educa.onal aMainment)

1971-‐2011 TLS (populaAon and family registry)

Residen.al mobility index 1971-‐2011 TLS (populaAon and family registry)

Migra.on density index 1971-‐2011 ( popu l aAon and f am i l y registry)

Urban disorder 2008-‐2011 CruscoEo (AMIAT – Torino Police registry)

Street crimes 2008-‐2011 CruscoEo (Police registry) Noise pollu.on 2007 ARPA Piemonte Air pollu.on 2012 ARPA Piemonte All causes mortality 1971-‐2011 TLS (ISTAT) Cause specific mortality (f.i. mortality for myocardial infarc.on)

1971-‐2011 TLS (ISTAT)

Cause specific morbidity (f.i. mortality for myocardial infarc.on, or hospital admission for asthma) (proxy: first hospital admission for the disease)

1996-‐2011 TLS (hosp i ta l admiss ion registry)

Mental health: drug consump.on (anxioly.c and an.depressant)

2001-‐2012 TLS (GP drug prescripAon registry)

Road accidents: ambulance call for trauma

2002-‐2011 EmUr registry

First set of indicators iden.fied

Technology

Giulia Melis - research and paper proposals for WG2