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ession 9: Change and globalization October 3, 2013 Mt. Fuji, Japan Norton, W. (2005). Cultural Geography: Environments, Landscapes, Identities, and Inequalities. Oxford University Press, Don Mills. Readings : Chapter 3 of Norton – Global Landscape Change During the Last 12,000 Years 1) Meet your photo elicitation groups; 2) Lecture on natural resources, change, and globalization (videos); 3) Discussion on ecological and slavery footprints.

Geo2630 fall2013 session9

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Page 1: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

Session 9: Change and globalization October 3, 2013

Mt. Fuji, JapanNorton, W. (2005). Cultural Geography: Environments, Landscapes, Identities, and Inequalities. Oxford University Press, Don Mills.

Readings: Chapter 3 of Norton – Global Landscape Change During the Last 12,000 Years

1) Meet your photo elicitation groups;

2) Lecture on natural resources, change, and globalization (videos);

3) Discussion on ecological and slavery footprints.

Page 2: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

1. Personal concepts of nature (FULL)

1. Michael K. 2. Jenna Lamb 3. Tanna 2. Inequality in the urban environment

1. Jody 2. Marc McPike 3. Chris D. 3. Sport, recreation, and sense of place (FULL)

1. Kelsey 2. Jill 3. Michelle Conan 4. Gender experience and place

1. Michelle Withoos 2. Sara Braun 3. ? 5. Student life: identity, experience, and place (FULL)

1. Rockford 2. Ashley Dietsch3. Jalysa

6. Place as commodity

1. Zack Long 2. Thamie 3. Teigen

7. Urban life as identity and place

1. Justine Spearman 2. Alex Derlago 3. Eric Smith

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Source: Norton 2005, pg. 148

Figure 4.12: Human-and-Nature Relationship Through Time

Page 4: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

Globalization and the distribution of resources

Globalization: the act or process of globalizing : the state of being globalized; especially : the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NenNtgI6pU

News item: Philippine Activists Fight back Against Corporate and Military Forces

News item / thought provoking item of the day

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“Resources are cultural appraisals defined not only by their physical presence but also by human awareness, technological availability, economic feasibility, and human acceptability.” (Norton, 2005, p. 136)

1. Human awareness

Natural resources

Source: www.45nuclearplants.com

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2. Technological availability 3. Economic feasibility

Renewable energy

Source: www.bcenergyblog.com Source: guide.offshorewind.biz

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2. Technological availability 3. Economic feasibility

Non-renewable energy – e.g. #1: oil/tar sands in Alberta

Source: www2.macleans.ca

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Non-renewable energy – e.g. #1: fracking

Energy independence from the Middle-East

Source: www.futurechallenges.org

Source: www.thinkprogress.org

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4. Human acceptability

Generally determined through ethical reflection – values and norms

Energy

Food

Source: wwwthecanadiandaily.ca Source: www.celsias.com

Page 11: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

The case of India

Population: in 2011 was 1.24 billion up from 447.8 million in 1960 (World Bank)

Rejection of Monsanto, ¼ million suicides because of GMO crops

Vandana Shiva talking about Monsanto and colonization on Strombo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3d9k23UyQQ

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• Climate change

• Acid rain

• Ozone depletion *one example of cooperation that has been able to reverse effects adaptation

• Species at risk / loss of genetic diversity

Forms of environmental maladaptation

Signs of human maladaptation to the environment:

Page 13: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

The Montreal Protocol – an example of global cooperation

Ozone depletion observed in the 70s became a major concern in the 80s

ODS – Ozone Depleting Substance

• CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)• freons • halons

Montreal Protocol

• 43 nations signed in 1987 phasing out of ODSs• entered into force in 1989 with an expected recovery by 2050

Kofi Annan (7th Secretary General of the UN): “perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date”

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Source: WikiCommons

Page 15: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

Sustainable development

1983 – UN World Commission on the Environment and Development

‘Our Common Future’ or The Brundtland Report Sustainable

Development

“meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

Challenge in defining ‘development’

• wellbeing?• grown?• is relative

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3 pillars of sustainable development

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Resilience – way of understanding human adaptation

"Resilience" as applied to ecosystems, or to integrated systems of people and the natural environment, has three defining characteristics:

• The amount of change the system can undergo and still retain the same controls on function and structure

• The degree to which the system is capable of self-organization

• The ability to build and increase the capacity for learning and adaptation

Source: The Resilience Alliance, 2013

Page 18: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

Resilience – way of understanding human adaptation

Crucial factors:

• learning to live with change and uncertainty; • nurturing diversity for resilience;

• combining different types of knowledge for learning;

• and creating opportunity for self-organization towards social-

ecological sustainability.

Page 19: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

Resilience – way of understanding human adaptation

Key term*Adaptive Capacity

Ecological systems:• genetic diversity• biological diversity• heterogeneity of landscape mosaics

Social systems: • the existence of institutions and networks to learn and store

knowledge and experience• create flexibility in problem solving and balance power among

interest groups play an important role in adaptive capacity (Scheffer et al. 2000, Berkes et al. 2002).

Social-ecological systems

Page 20: Geo2630 fall2013 session9

Signs of human social maladaptation:

• War

• Poverty

• Slavery

• Social disparities

• etc.

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Social maladaptation – human trafficking

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQh6X09WtYU

Trafficked Girls in Nepal.

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http://myfootprint.org/ http://slaveryfootprint.org/

Ecological and slavery footprint

Assessing our impact on the world – questions for consideration:

1. What were some of the factors that impacted your ecological and slavery footprints the most?

2. Did you find your results to be surprising in any way?

3. What are some of the assumptions that are made about the impacts of certain items?

Source: http://myfootprint.org/

Source: http://slaveryfootprint.org/