Andy Nelson and Parvesh Chandna on behalf of G1 partners

12 Nov 2013

Extrapolation domains and land use plans for the

coastal zone of Bangladesh

IRRI International Rice Research InstituteIWM Institute of Water ModellingLGED Local Government Engineering DepartmentSRDI Soil Resources Development InstituteBWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board

Partners and acknowledgements

 

 

OUTCOMES   

  

  

      

Change in Knowledge, Attitude and/or Skills 

 

Change in Practice / Behaviour

 IMPACT

  

  

     

PROJECT OUTPUTS 

Local GO, extension agents and scientists  responsible for agricultural technical innovations, national policy makers

   

  

  

     

Extrapolation domains for each technology 

 

Learn about new technologies and where its chances of adoption is 

greatest. 

 

Use of domain maps as a decision support tool to more effectively scale up the adoption of new 

technologies.

 

Increased chances of developing a national open 

(spatial) data policy

Increased chances of appropriate technology adoption and likelihood of adoption of 

sustainable land and water use 

policies. 

  

       

Current and future land use plans in coastal 

zone

 

 Understand the implications of different land use plans under different future 

scenarios.

 Use the maps as decision support tools when planning future interventions.

 

  

  

   

WebGIS to share and disseminate G1 

products and findings 

 

  Learn about advantages of open access and mutual benefits from data sharing.

 

More straightforward and streamlined data access agreements.

    

    

 

OutputsTarget area for extrapolation domainsBest bet options in coastal Bangladesh

OutputsTarget area for extrapolation domainsCoastal polders cover 1m ha

OutputsTarget area for extrapolation domains

High saline - Polder 3Rice/shrimp &Aquaculture

Moderately saline - Polder 30 – Usually one crop per year

Low saline - Polder 43/2f

Up to two crops per year

Best bet options in coastal Bangladesh

Suitable areas for innovative cropping systems?Spatial analysis of suitability factors/constraintsHow will this change in future?Impact of future scenarios on factors/constraintsHow can we inform stakeholders about the opportunities?Improved dissemination/sharing of information

Land use maps “What is there now?”Cropping system extrapolation domains “What works where? Now and in the future”Southwest Coastal Region Information System“Open access spatial data - webGIS”

G1 Outputs

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1 million ha of extrapolation domains

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From the 2008 Agriculture census1.45m farm holdings, 10% of national total7.3 million people and 2m labourers700,000 ha, average holding < 0.5haIrrigated area is 25%, national average is 68%HYV rice area 24%, national average is 56%

Aman - Rabi Traditional Aman rice and Rabi non-winter crop T. Aus - Aman Transplanted HYV Aus rice and traditional Aman riceShrimpBrackish water shrimpYear round aquaculture Extensive gher based year round brackish water poly culture

Four current cropping systems

Current practice – shrimp farming in Feb-Jun

Rice Shrimp

Upper threshold limit of salinity - Rice

Date

Wat

er sa

linity

(ppt

)

Lower threshold limit of salinity - Shrimp

Daily water salinity

Opportunities for intensification (Polder 3)

Opportunity for rice Aug-Nov and shrimp Feb-Jun

Target area for extrapolation domains

Low saline zoneAus HYV - Aman HYV Polder 43/2F T.Aus HYV - Aman HYV - Rabi Polder 43/2F T.Aus HYV - Aman HYV - Boro HYV Polder 43/2FModerate saline zoneAman HYV - Boro HYV Polder 30 & 43/2F Aman HYV - Rabi Polder 30High saline zoneShrimp+fish - HYV Aman+fish Polder 3Improved year round aquaculture Polder 3

Seven innovative cropping systems

Extrapolation domains …

1 Expert assessment of the requirements for each cropping system.2 Identification and collection of data that either measure or act as proxies for those requirement.3 Suitability scores based on location specific characteristics relative to the cropping system requirements.4 Suitability maps for each cropping system.5 Review and revise maps with focus groups.

Characterise the cropping systems

Aman - RabiTraditional Aman rice is transplanted in Aug and harvested in Dec/Jan. Aman rice is almost entirely rainfed and uses local varieties that can withstand flood depth to 0.8 m. The Rabi crop (e.g. sesame, mungbean) is seeded in Feb-Mar and harvested in May-Jun. The Rabi crop uses residual soil moisture with supplemental irrigation when ground water or (stored) canal water is available. Rainfall at the end of the rabi season can negatively affect the crop, thus good surface drainage is important.

We start with a narrative…

T.Aus HYV - Aman HYV - Boro HYV A short duration Aus HYV is seeded in early April, transplanted in late April and harvested by end of July. The Aus crop uses seedbeds and land preparation and is irrigated when river water is fresh, with groundwater (GW) or from canal water. In this case, capacity of gravity irrigation is considered. Short duration, non photoperiod sensitive Aman HYV is transplanted by first week of August and harvested by the end of November. The Aman rice crop is completely rainfed. Its performance depends greatly on maximum inundation depth/land topography. When inundation depth > 0.4 m, drainage capacity must be considered. This, in turn depends on the difference between land elevation and the water levels at low tides and distance from canals/rivers. Boro HYV is transplanted before mid December and harvested by mid April. The Boro rice crop is irrigated with GW or river water (when fresh) or with water stored in canal networks. When river water is fresh, the ability to irrigate by gravity is considered. Storage capacity is considered when stored water is used. Distance from water source is considered in both cases.

Some are quite complex…

…a lot of data needed

Irrigation with GW

 1   Fresh (< 4dS/m) ground water availability  2   Ground water pumping depth

Irrigation with SW

 3   Latest month when river water <3 dS/m 4   Maximum river water salinity in April/May 5   Maximum river water salinity in August 6   Difference in high water level in April and land surface for gravity irrigation 7   Difference in high water level in March and land surface for gravity irrigation 8   Difference (m) in land surface and high water level  in Mar/Apr for irrigation 9   Storage capacity 10 Proximity to river, canal, ponds, for irrigation

Drainage

 11 Proximity to river, canal, for drainage 12 Maximum inundation depth/land type 13 Maximum inundation depth for > three days in May 14 Maximum inundation depth in September/October 15 Maximum inundation depth for > one week in September/October 16 Maximum inundation depth for > two weeks in September/October 17 Difference in land surface and low water level in May for drainage 18 Difference  in land surface and low water level in September/October for drainage

Soil 19 Soil texture 20 Soil pH 21 Soil salinity

gher water  22 lowest water salinity during January and highest during April (ppt)  23 Inundation depth/land type

Climate

 24 Weekly air minimum temperature at stocking 25 Weekly mean minimum air temperature in January  26 Two-week mean air temperature in December and January 27 Cumulative rainfall in July & August

Social and economic

 28 Livelihood/asset index 29 Technology adoption index

Extensive Gher based year round brackish water aquaculture

DescriptionMinimum air temperature

for 1week (C)

Minimum salinity (ppt)

at PL stocking

Land type / Inundation

depth Soil

textureAcidity

(pH)

Shrimp PL is stocked in Feb when there is brackish water adequate and

suitable temperature,

brackish water Fish is stocked

few weeks later. Water is

replenished as needed. Harvest

starts after 2 month until end

of Nov.

>25 S1 >10 S1 0.5 - 0.7 S1clay Loam

S1 6.5 - 7.5 S1

20 - 25 S2 5 to 10 S2 0.7- 1; 0.3 - 0.5 S2 Loa

m S15.5 - 6.5; 7.5 - 8.5

S2

18 -20 S3 2 - 5 S3 1 - 1.2; 0 - 0.3 S3

Sandy

loamS2

4.5 5.5; 8.5 - 9.5

S3

<18 SN <2 SN > 1.2; no inundation SN Sand

y SN <4.5; >9.5 SN

S1 = Most Suitable S2 = Suitable S3 = Least Suitable SN = Not Suitable

Requirement for aquaculture

Aman - Boro Water quality and availability in dry season

Description of Land use type(technology)

Fresh (< 4dS/m),

ground water availability

and pumping depth

Month when river water still

remain fresh

(<4 dS/m)

Internal storage

capacity in relation to land area(ML/ha)

Proximity to river, canal,

ponds (m)

Difference (m) in high water level in Mar and

land surface for

gravity irrigation

(m)

Boro rice is seeded around 15 Nov. (MS) to 15 Dec (LS). Aman rice is rainfed. Boro rice is irrigated with river water (when fresh) or with water stored in canal networks.

Yes, < 6 m S1 March S1 > 5 S1 <50 S1 > 1 S1

Yes, 7 -20 m S2 Feb S2 2.5 - 5 S2 50-100 S2 0.5 - 1 S2

yes, > 20 S3 Jan S3 1 - 2.5 S3 100-300 S3 0.2 -

0.5 S3

No SN Dec SN <1 SN >300 SN < 0.2 SN

Aman - Boro Water quality and availability in wet seasonDescription of

Land use type(technology

)

Maximum inundation depth (m) in August

Maximum inundation depth (m) for more than one week in

Sep/Oct

Difference (m) in land surface and low water level in

Sep/Oct for drainage

Aman HYV rice is transplanted in July-August, to be harvested by the end of November (Moderate Salinity zone) or December (low saline zone).

< 0.1 S1 < 0.2 S1 > 1 S1

0.1 – 0.2 S2 0.2 – 0.5 S2 0.5 - 1 S2

0.2 – 0.3 S3 0.5 – 0.8 S3 0.2 – 0.5 S3

> 0.3 SN > 0.8 SN < 0.2 SN

S1 = Most Suitable S2 = Suitable S3 = Least Suitable SN = Not Suitable

Water requirements for Aman - Boro

Fresh groundwat

er (< 4dS/m)

Tubewell?Tubewell depth

(m)

Month when river water (< 3

dS/m)

Storage capacity (ML/ha)

Proximity to fresh SW source (m)

Suitability for HYV

Boro rice crop

Yes

No

Shallow

Deep< 6

7 - 20

MarFeb

Jan

Dec

> 20

2.5 - 5

1- 2.5

2.5 - 5

1 – 2.5

< 100> 100< 100> 100< 100> 100< 100> 100

S1

S1

S2

S3

S1

S1

S2

S2

S3

S2

S3

S3

SN

SN

Groundwater Surface water

Fresh groundwat

er (< 4dS/m)

Tubewell?Tubewell

depth (m)

Month when river water (< 3

dS/m)

Storage capacity (ML/ha)

Proximity to fresh SW source (m)

Suitability for HYV

Boro rice crop

Yes

No

Shallow

Deep< 6

7 - 20

MarFeb

Jan

Dec

> 20

2.5 - 5

1- 2.5

2.5 - 5

1 – 2.5

< 100> 100< 100> 100< 100> 100< 100> 100

S1

S1

S2

S3

S1

S1

S2

S2

S3

S2

S3

S3

SN

SN

< 100

< 100

< 100

< 100

S1

S2

S2

S3

Groundwater Surface water

Flood inundation depth

Soil pH Soil texture

Min temp – 8th-14th Feb Soil salinity Water salinity

Example: Input datasets

Values in percent

Percentage of small farms, <1ha

Percentage of leased land

Through our partners we have obtained the 2011 population and 2008 agricultural census’ at village level. This is a huge and still untapped resource.

Example: Input datasets

Post larvae shrimp stocking…

22-28 days - Feb

1-7 days - Feb 16-21days - Feb

8-15days - Feb

1-7 days - March

Ex Domains: Shrimp – Aman system      

Draft maps – not for distribution

      Traditional aquaculture system      

Draft maps – not for distribution

Ex. Domains: T. Aus – Aman system    Draft maps – not for distribution

What is needed for higher accuracy   

Shrimp Aman Rice

Draft maps – not for distribution

WebGIS and access to data …

Bangladesh is a “data rich environment”, with many institutes, measuring, monitoring and collecting data.And yet too much data remains unused, unknown and at the end of projects it is sometimes lost.Too many new projects go through the same expensive, time consuming and frustrating process of data (re)discovery.A need for more efficient and transparent access

Improve access to / use of information

WebGIS to share data and models

Source: esri.com

The best way to get value from data is to give it away

Source: G1 most significant change story

Data authors/owners publish data on a GIS Server. Via the WebGIS, the data are accessible to:

• GIS professionals• Web users• Mobile users

Facilitating open sharing of data and CPWF outputs

WebGIS to share data and models

source: www.schnellinformatics.com

WebGIS on the “cloud”We use ESRI ArcGIS Server on an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance Always on, always accessible, not dependent on any one partner’s infrastructureReliable, resizable, cost effective: 100USD/month

Demo system – under construction

Demo system – under construction

Demo system – under construction

Demo system – under construction

Demo system – under construction

Demo system – under construction

Demo system – under construction

What is new/exciting?

1. First cropping system maps of the coastal zone

2. Highly detailed: spatial, temporal and thematic

3. Strong scientific based background for the model

4. Strong partnership in G1 to generate and share data

5. WebGIS to make spatial data from CPWF open to all

Where next in 2014?1. Completion of data sets and

extrapolation domains

2. Assessment of extrapolation domain maps via focus group discussions with local planning and management groups in the coastal zone

3. High resolution current and future land use maps completed and validated

4. Add more datasets and functionality to webGIS and make it more user friendly

Thank you