FUTURE INTERNET AND THE “THINGS”, NANOTHINGS!

© Antônio M. Alberti 2014

FUTURE INTERNET AND THE “THINGS”

Antonio Marcos Alberti !27th August 2014


1. Panorama on the Current Internet Statusü The Internet has invaded most aspects of life and society,

changing our lifestyle, work, communication, and social interaction. !

ü Nobody doubts about the fundamental role of the Internet on our information society. !!!!!

ü The Internet has strong impact on economy, specially on the services sector (70% of GDP on modern economies).


1. Panorama on the Current Internet Statusü However, it was designed in an era where technological

development was completely different from today. !

ü There was not enough capacity to support sophisticated networking services - the solution was to design a simple, but robust network. !

ü The terminals were fixed, inside secure university/government environment - there was not attackers!! !

ü During decades, it was incrementally developed and deployed, achieving impressive scales!!!


1. Panorama on the Current Internet Statusü The result is a complex agglomerate of incremental protocols

that inherits the grown legacies of decades of patchwork solutions. !

ü New protocols must live with the limitations of the preceding. !

ü Intermediary layers have been added to overcome unplanned situations, reducing network efficiency. !

ü While at the physical layer we are approaching to the theoretic Shannon’s limit of channel capacity, at network level, lots of bytes are lost on inefficient stacking. !

ü Let’s consider an example:

Simple

(c) Marco Casaroli 2014

Virtual LAN (VLAN)


Provider Backbone Bridge (PBB)


Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)


Tunnel IP over IP


Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN)


V$#^!X!LANWaste of the precious bit rate achieved by physical layer!


Too much control, too few useful information!


1. Panorama on the Current Internet Statusü These limitations motivated many people to question the

adequacy of the current Internet architecture to meet the exponential growths expected to the Internet in the next decades! !

ü Since this question was first made, a lot of initiatives to reshape the Internet appeared around the world - the so called Future Internet Architecture (FIA) design. !

ü There are two extremes on the path to FIAs: ü Evolutionary ü Clean Slate

2. The Race for Future Internet Architectures


‣ Map of world wide initiatives

Japan: NICT, Univ. Tokio. -Akari, Net. Virtual. Lab. -JGN, JGN2, JGN2+ -Spark

Map: Wikipédia.

© Antônio M. Alberti

Europe: FP6/FP7/Horizon2020, PPP, KIC, Eureka, EuroNF - EIFFEL, GÉANT2, OneLab & PanLab, NESSI, NEM, RNRT

- 4WARD, SENSEI, S-CUBE, 2020 3D, eMobility, G-Lab, AutoI - CASCADAS, SAIL, IRATI, ABNO, NFV - FIA: FCN, FIRE, SOFI, RWI; FI-PPP: FI-WARE, FINEST - ETPs: NEM, NESSI, Net!Works, EPoS, ENIAC.USA: NeTS e Outros

- NewArch, 100x100 - FIND, NOSS, ProWin - NBD, GENI, PlanetLab - Internet2 - RINA, XIA, MobilityFirst - CCNx, NDN

Canada: - Canarie

Asia: - AsiaFI - CJK

Korea: - FIF, MOFI, - IDCOM, DIANA

Brazil: - RNP, FIBRE - Horizon - RouteFlow - NovaGenesis

China: - CNGI

This is our approach!

‣ What is it?

‣ A Clean Slate Convergent Information Architecture

‣ A Framework Easily Integrated with the Current Internet

‣ An Alternative to the Current Internet Architecture

NovaGenesis

subscribing of services require authentication, secrecy, integrity, and authorization. Trust networks can be created among services in a service cluster. The same challenge reaches RWI. NEDs require innovative security mechanisms, including trust net-works. Since localization, context, and objective information are sensible, generalized mobility, semantic, and context also requires SPT support.

Real-time support is necessary for multimedia applications; to enable timely feed-back control on autonomic loops, to enable virtual networks to quickly react to changes on substrate resources, and to provide freshness of information on RWI. In addition, virtual entities, e.g., virtual base stations, can also require real-time support to promptly react to environmental changes. Reconfigurable hardware is important for virtualization and experiment-driven research. Nonetheless, virtualization is required to provide evolvability and sustainability of reconfigurable hardware.

Service-based applications accommodate compose-ability, diversity, extendability, and openness of applications, but requires autonomicity, security, privacy, context,

Fig. 1. Full mesh of synergies and dependencies among future Internet ingredients.© Antônio M. Alberti 2014

www.inatel.br/novagenesis


3. Future Internet and the “Things”ü The physical world will be increasingly integrated to the virtual

one. !

ü New applications are emerging to take advantage of this situational information, e.g. like augment reality, ambient intelligence, social appliances, networked cars, etc. !

ü The number of things (physical world objects) being added to the Internet is growing up exponentially as the price of computer and communication costs reduce every day. !

ü Additionally, technology evolution leads to miniaturization, so we can expect smaller and smaller things forming Internets or being integrated to the Internet.


3. Future Internet and the “Things”ü Miniaturization will probably lead to the emergence of the

Internet of Micro and Nano Things (IoMNT). Tumi-1983

From appliances to…

…barely visible (e.g. small robots) or even invisible things (e.g. microelectromechanical systems).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microrobot#mediaviewer/File:Robot-army.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems#mediaviewer/File:Labonachip20017-300.jpg


3. Future Internet and the “Things”ü The challenges/opportunities:

ü How to identify or trace back a micro Thing that is transmitting a very important data? ü Putting an IPv6 address on it? What if it disconnects? What if it

moves? ü We can not loose traceability to micro or nano Things

connected to the Internet while it is moving, e.g. on e-health. !

ü How to manage/control an “army” of invisible things connected to the Internet? ü To do it manually or to use some auto-pilot? ü Are we prepared to an “army” of self-driven micro and nano

Things?


3. Future Internet and the “Things”ü The challenges/opportunities:

ü The IoMNT can create a really huge flood of data that needs to be contextualized. ü To transform this huge amount of raw data on knowledge is one

of the biggest challenges behind the IoT. !!

!ü There is an entire cycle of data processing up to the

generation of knowledge, as well as its sharing. !

ü How to expose micro or nano Things capacities to software? !

ü How to change micro or nano Things behavior using software?

Data Information Knowledge Wisdom


4. Final Commentsü We are moving to a smart Internet that enables people to express their

intents, preferences, policies, which will drive intelligent applications towards better using and sharing our physical world resources, creating a self-organizing fellowship of things. !

ü The convergence of Nanotechnology with Future Internet moves us towards the direction of programmable matter. !

ü This physical/virtual bridge has the potential to fully integrate the natural world with our creations, but poses a series of unthinkable challenges.


Thank You!

Antônio Marcos Alberti !

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FUTURE INTERNET AND THE “THINGS”, NANOTHINGS!