From Moby-Dick to Mash-Ups

From Moby-Dick To Mash-Ups:Thinking About Bibliographic Networks

Ronald J. MurrayIn Collaboration WithBarbara B. Tillett

Library of Congress

American Library Association2010 Annual Conference

Washington DC

This YouTube video is excerpted from the 1973 documentary film “F for

Fake.” A portion of its audio track is mashed up into

“Orson Whales.”

This YouTube video is excerpted from a movie trailer

for the 1956 motion picture directed by John Huston. The

screenplay by Ray Bradbury & John Huston was adapted

from the Melville novel

Orson Whales

A 2007 video creation by Alex Itin. This mashup is available on

YouTube and Vimeo

This YouTube video is excerpted from an Italian

broadcast of an Orson Wells reading. Its audio track is

mashed up into“Orson Whales”

Listen also for the audio from a YouTube video of a live

performance of Led Zeppelin’s Moby Dick.” The audio track

is mashed up into“Orson Whales”

“It is more a less a birthday gift to myself. I've been drawing it on every page of Moby Dick (using two books to get both sides of each page) for months. The soundtrack is built from searching "moby dick" on You Tube (I was looking for Orson's Preacher from the the John Huston film)... you find tons of Led Zep and drummers doing Bonzo and a little Orson... makes for a nice Melville in the end.”

YouTube.com – Alex Itin 2007

From Moby-Dick To Mashups:Thinking About Bibliographic Networks

Ronald J. MurrayIn Collaboration With

Barbara B. Tillett

Library of Congress

American Library Association2010 Annual Conference

Washington DC

Sunday, June 27, 2010

Ronald J. Murray

Citation

Murray, Ronald J., Tillett, Barbara B. (Collab.) From Moby-Dick To Mashups: Thinking AboutBibliographic Networks. Washington DC: American Library Association 2010 Annual Conference. June 28, 2010.

• Expect This: FRBR requires remodeling and generalization to improve its comprehensibility, and to better inform information system design and implementation– Remodeling requires distinguishing theory-making from

information system design– Remodeling requires correcting misperceptions about FRBR

resource description structures• Remodeling FRBR requires the addition of a Resource entity,

followed by the redefinition of existing “FRBR things of interest” as descriptions of Resources

• Remodeling requires creating more informative model imagery– Paper Tool creation and use

Where This is Going:“Moby-Dick, or The Whale”


• Imagine This For Today: Command a view of the whole connection between:

– 56+ Separate printings of the Melville novel– A chapter-length excerpt of the novel published the same month as

the first US edition– A multimedia creation based on the novel that brings together

– Animated, painted, pages from 1851 and 1993 printings– Audio tracks from a planned TV reading of the novel by Orson

Welles– An image sequence from Citizen Kane– An audio track of a monologue about Chartres cathedral– An audio track of a live performance of the Led Zeppelin song

“Moby Dick”

Where This is Going:“Moby-Dick, or The Whale”


Resources &Resource Descriptions


Resources &Resource Descriptions

Why Know About This?

Libraries and other Cultural Heritage institutions have been collecting and describing resources for a long time

Other parties are playing increasingly significant resource collection and description roles. We need to be able to discuss resource description processes and products in a less “culture-bound” fashion

We begin by developing a theory regarding the description of Cultural Heritage resources


A Modern Bibliographic Resource Description Theory



What’s Your Cultural Heritage Resource Description Theory?

Def. A systematic set of rules or principles regarding the creation and use of resource descriptions by Cultural Heritage Institutions



What Good Is A Cultural Heritage Resource Description Theory?

A Cultural Heritage resource description theory can be employed to assign high-level, culturally relevant meanings to data structures created and managed by information systemsWhen they focus strongly on print materials, still and moving pictures and audio, etc. they are designated as bibliographic resource description theories. Cultural Heritage Resource description theories are complementary to bottom-up information system design initiatives like the W3C World Wide Web/Semantic Web.


A Modern Bibliographic Resource Description Theory: FRBR

Origins of IFLA FRBR

“The entity-relationship analysis technique and the conventions for graphic presentation that are used in this study are based in large part on the methodology developed by James Martin and outlined in his book Strategic Data-Planning Methodologies (Prentice-Hall, 1982). Graeme Simsion’s Data Modeling Essentials (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994), Richard Perkinson’s Data Analysis: the Key to Data Base Design (QED Information Sciences, 1984), and Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant Navanthe’s Fundamentals of Database Systems (Benjamin/Cummings, 1989) were also used in shaping the methodology for the study. All four books are recommended to those who are interested in additional background and more detail on entity-relationship analysis.” FRBR Report, 1998



Data Modeling Origins Updated

“The entity-relationship analysis technique and the conventions for graphic presentation that are used in this study are based in large part on the methodology developed by James Martin and outlined in his book Strategic Data-Planning Methodologies (Prentice-Hall, 1982). Graeme Simsion’s Data Modeling Essentials (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994), Richard Perkinson’s Data Analysis: the Key to Data Base Design (QED Information Sciences, 1984), and Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant Navanthe’s Fundamentals of Database Systems (Benjamin/Cummings, 1989) were also used in shaping the methodology for the study. All four books are recommended to those who are interested in additional background and more detail on entity-relationship analysis.” FRBR Report, 1998



Martin –1987/91982 – Martin



Martin –1987/91982 – Martin1988 Elmasri & Navathe



Martin –1987/91982 – Martin



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Both sides of all relationships are clearly specified



Martin, James. Strategic Data-Planning Methodologies. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982. Simsion, Graeme. Data Modeling Essentials. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1994. Perkinson, Richard. Data Analysis: the Key to Data Base Design. Wellesley, MA: QED Information Sciences, 1984, and Elmasri, Ramez & Navanthe, Shamkant. Fundamentals of Database Systems Redwod City CA: Benjamin/Cummings, 1989. Simsion, Graeme. Data Modeling: Theory and Practice. Bradley Beach NJ: Technics Publications, 2007.

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Martin, James. Strategic Data-Planning Methodologies. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982. Simsion, Graeme. Data Modeling Essentials. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1994. Perkinson, Richard. Data Analysis: the Key to Data Base Design. Wellesley, MA: QED Information Sciences, 1984, and Elmasri, Ramez & Navanthe, Shamkant. Fundamentals of Database Systems Redwod City CA: Benjamin/Cummings, 1989. Simsion, Graeme. Data Modeling: Theory and Practice. Bradley Beach NJ: Technics Publications, 2007.

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Know That: The existence of Many-to-Many relationships within this set of modeled entities is inconsistent with the claim that the FRBR conceptual model specifies hierarchical bibliographic resource descriptions.



Data Modeling: Theory and Practice(Simsion’s Dissertation Book, Published in 2007)

“Is data modeling better characterized as:(a) a descriptive activity, the objective of which is to document some aspect of the real world or(b) a design activity, the objective of which is to create data structures to meet a set of requirements?

To address what might appear at first to be a quite narrow (and obscure question, it transpires that we need to explore a substantial part of the data modeling and database design landscape including questions likely to be of interest to any researcher or practitioner in these fields.” (p.3)



Data Modeling: Theory and Practice(Simsion’s Dissertation Book, Published in 2007)

“Is data modeling better characterized as:(a) a descriptive activity, the objective of which is to document some aspect of the real world or(b) a design activity, the objective of which is to create data structures to meet a set of requirements?

To address what might appear at first to be a quite narrow (and obscure question, it transpires that we need to explore a substantial part of the data modeling and database design landscape including questions likely to be of interest to any researcher or practitioner in these fields.” (p.3)



FRBR Final Report, 1998

“The study has two primary objectives. The first is to provide a clearly defined, structured framework for relating the data that are recorded in bibliographic records to the needs of the users of those records. The second objective is to recommend a basic level of functionality for records created by national bibliographic agencies....For the purposes of this study a bibliographic record is defined as the aggregate of data that are associated with entities described in library catalogues and national bibliographies.”







Theories of Information and of Library Institutions

and Users








Implementation: Systems Analysis and

Design

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The Discreet Charm of the Hierarchy

What Do You Expect?

A key step in developing a modern resource description theory involves investigating why there are expectations of or prior assertions of a hierarchical structure in the IFLA FRBR conceptual data model


• The Discreet Charm – A 1999 paper on an interoperable metadata model drew upon the FRBR conceptual model

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D-Lib Magazine

January 1999

Volume 5 Number 1

ISSN 1082-9873

A Common Model to Support

Interoperable Metadata

Progress report on reconciling metadata

requirements from the Dublin Core and

INDECS/DOI Communities

David BearmanArchives & Museum [email protected]

Eric MillerOCLC Online Computer LibraryCenter, [email protected]

Godfrey RustData [email protected]

Jennifer TrantArt Museum Image [email protected]

Stuart WeibelOCLC Online Computer LibraryCenter, [email protected]

Abstract

The Dublin Core metadata community and the INDECS/DOI

community of authors, rights holders, and publishers are seeking

common ground in the expression of metadata for information

resources. Recent meetings at the 6th Dublin Core Workshop in

Washington DC sketched out common models for semantics

(informed by the requirements articulated in the IFLA Functional

Requirements for the Bibliographic Record) and conventions for

knowledge representation (based on the Resource Description


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D-Lib Magazine

January 1999

Volume 5 Number 1

ISSN 1082-9873

A Common Model to Support

Interoperable Metadata

Progress report on reconciling metadata

requirements from the Dublin Core and

INDECS/DOI Communities

David BearmanArchives & Museum [email protected]

Eric MillerOCLC Online Computer LibraryCenter, [email protected]

Godfrey RustData [email protected]

Jennifer TrantArt Museum Image [email protected]

Stuart WeibelOCLC Online Computer LibraryCenter, [email protected]

Abstract

The Dublin Core metadata community and the INDECS/DOI

community of authors, rights holders, and publishers are seeking

common ground in the expression of metadata for information

resources. Recent meetings at the 6th Dublin Core Workshop in

Washington DC sketched out common models for semantics

(informed by the requirements articulated in the IFLA Functional

Requirements for the Bibliographic Record) and conventions for

knowledge representation (based on the Resource Description

FIGURE 2: Works, Expressions, Manifestations and Items

[based on IFLA FRBR Figure 3.1] [Cardinality is expressed

here with arrows.]

• Swap Network for Hierarchy – The researchers replaced the many-to-many relationship in the FRBR diagram with a one-to-many relationship


1/20/10 1:05 PMGoogle Image Result for http://old.stk.cz/elag2001/Papers/PatrickLe_Boeuf/patrick_le_boeuf_soubory/image006.gif

Page 1 of 6http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://old.stk.cz/elag2001/…q%3Dfrbr%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

Patrick Le Boeuf, ELAG Conference, Prague, June 6th, 2001

FRBR: TOWARD SOME PRACTICAL

EXPERIMENTATION IN ELAG?

I. Context

Since the very beginning, ELAG has been interested in the IFLA four-level model

FRBR. There has been an FRBR workshop in ELAG since 1996 and Susanna Peruginelli

reported, on the occasion of a two-day conference entirely devoted to FRBR, in January

2000 in Florence, that ELAG regarded FRBR as “not only of a high theoretical value, but

also a practical one, […] making it possible to integrate [digital resources] with

“traditional” material; […] searching and retrieval functionality will be improved.”[1]

Hence our wish to develop an experimental database, within ELAG, that would

allow us to value more precisely the benefits the whole library community might expect

from this new, revolutionary model. We also want to know if this model would not raise

implementation problems; we must think of cataloguers’ comfort and, of course, or our

patrons’ comfort when navigating, in the future, a new catalogue entirely developed

according to the model.

Paula Goossens has therefore elaborated Guidelines to help workshop attendants to

create new “records”. The aim is not just to transcode pre-existing records, but to create

new ones. We’ve tried to get totally rid of the MARC structure: our future experimental

database is intended to be entirely designed in XML from the beginning.

Only four bibliographic families have been elaborated so far: it is obviously not

enough for a database to be implemented, but it is a beginning, and it already presents us

with some interesting cases. It would be too long to report in detail on all of these four

families, I’ll therefore introduce only three of them to you.

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• Bibliographic Families – A 2001 paper discussed bibliographic relationships from a “family” (i.e. hierarchical) perspective







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• Bibliographic Families – A 2001 paper discussed bibliographic relationships from a “family” (i.e. hierarchical) perspective







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• Bibliographic Families? – Though one diagram displayed more link complexity than a genealogical diagram usually does


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• The Siren/Demon Call of Hierarchy – Why is there an expectation of – or insistence upon – hierarchies in the FRBR conceptual model?


About Hierarchies (AKA Trees)

Hierarchies & Trees

“There is a certain scale of duties, there is a certain Hierarchy of upper and lower commands.”

Hierarchies – ecclesiastical, biological, political, information, etc. – can be modeled using mathematical structures called trees. Although defined mathematically by Kirchoff in 1847 (but waited to be named by Cayley in 1857), tree metaphors were present long before that time

Milton quote from the Oxford English Dictionary Online entry for “Hierarchy.” Accessed 9/14/2009.


Bouquet, Mary. Family Trees and Their Affinities: The Visual Imperative of the Genealogical Diagram. J. Roy. Anthrop. Inst, v. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1996), pp. 43- 66.

• Trees - Tree imagery was especially prominent in religious, secular, and scientific thought during and after the 18th Century.



• Tree Imagery In Religion - The tree of Jesse represented the genealogy of Jesus Christ



• Trees in Western Philosophy - The Great Chain of Being



• Family Trees - Genealogical trees depict hierarchical familial relationships in a wide variety of graphic and textual styles










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• Evolutionary Trees - Even Darwin and his colleagues found tree structures to be useful in advancing their evolutionary theories


Huson, Daniel. Introduction to Phylogenetic Networks. ISMB, Vienna, July 21, 2007.

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• Trees & Cataloging Theory - Tree imagery was omnipresent in library content: religion, genealogy, 19th C. science, & philosophy


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• Trees & Cataloging Theory - Aristotelian philosophical principles – especially hierarchical classification – took root in cataloging theory

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• The Tree Model - Tree structures were perceived by many as the new, powerful, pattern for describing biological and other relationships

• A New, Powerful Pattern? – However, depictions like von Eichwald ‘s tree of animal life forms (1829) were not the only ones around


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• Networks Are Old (1774) – Affinities among the natural order of plants by Johann Rühling


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• Networks Are Old (1753) – Genealogical relationships among dog breeds, proposed by Leclerc & Daubenton. Note the map symbols

• Networks Are Old (1802) – Affinites within the vegetable kingdom by August Batsch


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• Networks Are Old (1893) – Klebs’ network of relationships among groups of protozoa and algae


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BioMed Central

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Biology Direct

Open AccessReviewTrees and networks before and after DarwinMark A Ragan

Address: The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia

Email: Mark A Ragan - [email protected]

AbstractIt is well-known that Charles Darwin sketched abstract trees of relationship in his 1837 notebook,and depicted a tree in the Origin of Species (1859). Here I attempt to place Darwin's trees inhistorical context. By the mid-Eighteenth century the Great Chain of Being was increasingly seento be an inadequate description of order in nature, and by about 1780 it had been largely abandonedwithout a satisfactory alternative having been agreed upon. In 1750 Donati described aquatic andterrestrial organisms as forming a network, and a few years later Buffon depicted a network ofgenealogical relationships among breeds of dogs. In 1764 Bonnet asked whether the Chain mightactually branch at certain points, and in 1766 Pallas proposed that the gradations among organismsresemble a tree with a compound trunk, perhaps not unlike the tree of animal life later depictedby Eichwald. Other trees were presented by Augier in 1801 and by Lamarck in 1809 and 1815, thelatter two assuming a transmutation of species over time. Elaborate networks of affinities amongplants and among animals were depicted in the late Eighteenth and very early Nineteenth centuries.In the two decades immediately prior to 1837, so-called affinities and/or analogies among organismswere represented by diverse geometric figures. Series of plant and animal fossils in successivegeological strata were represented as trees in a popular textbook from 1840, while in 1858 Bronnpresented a system of animals, as evidenced by the fossil record, in a form of a tree. Darwin's 1859tree and its subsequent elaborations by Haeckel came to be accepted in many but not all areas ofbiological sciences, while network diagrams were used in others. Beginning in the early 1960s treeswere inferred from protein and nucleic acid sequences, but networks were re-introduced in themid-1990s to represent lateral genetic transfer, increasingly regarded as a fundamental mode ofevolution at least for bacteria and archaea. In historical context, then, the Network of Life precededthe Tree of Life and might again supersede it.

Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Eric Bapteste, Patrick Forterre and Dan Graur.

Prefatory quotation(N)ature rises up by connections, little by little and withoutleaps, as though it proceeds by an unbroken web, it proceeds ina leisurely and placid uninterrupted course. There is no gap, nobreak, no dispersion of forms: they have, in turn, been con-nected, ring within ring. That very golden chain is universal inits embrace. - Juan Eusebio Nieremberg, 1635 [[1], p.29]

The rise and fall of the Great Chain of BeingFrom very early in the Middle Eastern and European reli-gious and intellectual traditions, chains, cords, laddersand stairways served as metaphors for order in the world,or between earth and heaven [2-6]. The image of a treesometimes served in the same metaphorical sense [[5],pp.319-329; [6], p.22]. A linear order in nature was com-

Published: 16 November 2009

Biology Direct 2009, 4:43 doi:10.1186/1745-6150-4-43

Received: 24 October 2009Accepted: 16 November 2009

This article is available from: http://www.biology-direct.com/content/4/1/43

© 2009 Ragan; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Ragan, Mark A. Trees and Networks Before and After Darwin. Biology Direct 2009, 4:43 do:10.1186/1745-6150-4-43. http://www.biology-direct.com/content/4/1/43

http://www.biology-direct.com/content/4/1/43



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Conclusion:In the decades following 1859, genealogical trees won acceptance in some but certainly not all areas of biology; nor indeed have trees won full acceptance even today, although they remain default hypotheses for most biologists, as indeed more broadly in science and in society.

But nature-as-network preceded the branching tree, was never completely supplanted by trees, and seems set to reemerge as the most-inclusive metaphor for the living world - the "Network of Life."




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Reviewer Comments :... The evolutionary process is therefore a combination of tree-like processes ... and of network-like processes ... it seems that this dual nature of the evolutionary process has never been taken into account in the history of biology and that the tree and network metaphors were always considered to be in opposition.

This may derive from the difficulty for most scientists of adopting a dialectic view of nature (evolution is both trees and networks) and their propensity to adopt a mechanistic approach (either/or) that favours opposition ... Both historical and philosophical approaches may be required now to get rid of these false oppositions...




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• Depicting Trees - Tree structures are still used by biologists to model simple evolutionary scenarios

• Beyond The Tree Line - But scientists now also study more complex aspects of evolutionary change, like species hybridization


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Tree And Network Exemplars

• Beyond The Tree Model - Hybrids are created when genes are able to cross species boundaries. The evolutionary tree becomes a network

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A New Species Is Created By Gene Mutation In An

Existing Species

A New Species Is Created By Combining Genes of

Existing Species

The Phylogenetic Network Depicts This

Combination As A New Species



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A New Species Is Created By Gene Mutation In An

Existing Species

A New Species Is Created By Combining Genes of

Existing Species

The Phylogenetic Network Depicts This

Combination As A New Species

Why Know About This? Network Awareness #1

An example of how to depict “new” entities that are composed of elements of preexisting ones. This happens to be a common phenomenon in serials publication and with publications that are long-lived and/or popularThe relationships defined between preexisting entities and new ones based on them can convert a traditional tree of familial entities to a network of familial entities


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• Before, During, and Beyond The Tree Model - Phylogenetic trees can now be modeled as extracts from a network


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• Before, During, and Beyond The Tree Model - Phylogenetic trees can now be modeled as extracts from a network

Why Know About This? Network Awareness #2

When a single type of relationship is assigned between a number of entities, a view of the overall result may appear to be treelike in shapeWhen several sets of treelike relationships between entities are considered as a whole, the resulting structure will very likely be a network. It is accurate – and useful – to think of a tree as a special type of network structure

Know This: The genealogical (largely tree-like) imagery that historically shaped thinking about Cultural Heritage resource description can be generalized to that of a social network. Just as biologists now understand trees to be special subsets of networks, hierarchical resource description structures can be understood as special cases of resource/description networks.


FRBR’s Resource Description Levels

Speaking Broadly About The Big Metadata Pool

In some Semantic Web resource description visions and implementations, the textual and numeric attributes that describe resources are intended to be assembled on an as-needed basis


There will be no metadata records, only one metadata record covering everything, or a near-infinite number of different metadata records, depending on the point-of-view of the metadata user. The Semantic Web will allow machines to create a metadata record for a particular resource just-in-time and on-the-fly, rather than have static records stored just-in-case. The benefits of metadata creation and maintenance by information professionals will be available to all. (Dunsire)


The user will have control over the presentation and detail of metadata. Recombination from the basic building blocks of the RDF triples will allow information retrieval interfaces to display a record in formats familiar to users of archives, libraries or museums (and users of Amazon, Google and Flickr), as well as innovative layouts (Dunsire)


FRBR Identifies LevelsFRBR resource description theory makes different assertions about the some of the inhabitants of the envisioned W3C metadata pool. Metadata descriptive of bibliographic resources can be differentiated by degree of abstraction. These differences are significant, and enable the creation of resource description building blocks that play very different roles with respect to resources.


Call# 3: PS3566.Y55 G7 1973 Rare Book

Bar Code# 1: 00001216788

Author: Pynchon, Thomas

Publisher: Viking Press

Publication Date: 1973

Place of Publication: New York

Language: English LC Classification: PZ4.P997 Gr PS3566.Y55

Call# 1: PZ4.P997 Gr Copy 1

Call# 2: PZ4.P997 Gr Ft. Meade Copy 2

Title: Gravity’s Rainbow Dewey Class No: 813/.5/4

# Pages: 760

Height: 23 cm.

Type of Material: Book

Content Type: Text

These unordered attributes describe general and specific characteristics of three print copies of a

novel. The copies reside at three separate locations within the Library of Congress system


Call# 3: PS3566.Y55 G7 1973 Rare BookBar Code# 1: 00001216788Author: Pynchon, ThomasPublisher: Viking PressPublication Date: 1973Place of Publication: New YorkLanguage: EnglishLC Classification: PZ4.P997 Gr PS3566.Y55Call# 1: PZ4.P997 Gr Copy 1Call# 2: PZ4.P997 Gr Ft. Meade Copy 2Title: Gravity’s Rainbow Dewey Class No: 813/.5/4# Pages: 760Height: 23 cm.Type of Material: Book Content Type: Text

Abstract C

oncrete

Pool of Disaggregated,Undifferentiated,

Resource Descriptions


Call# 3: PS3566.Y55 G7 1973 Rare BookBar Code# 1: 00001216788Author: Pynchon, ThomasPublisher: Viking PressPublication Date: 1973Place of Publication: New YorkLanguage: EnglishLC Classification: PZ4.P997 Gr PS3566.Y55Call# 1: PZ4.P997 Gr Copy 1Call# 2: PZ4.P997 Gr Ft. Meade Copy 2Title: Gravity’s Rainbow Dewey Class No: 813/.5/4# Pages: 760Height: 23 cm.Type of Material: Book Content Type: Text

Resource D

escription Abstraction

Pool of Disaggregated,Undifferentiated,

Resource Descriptions


Call# 3: PS3566.Y55 G7 1973 Rare BookBar Code# 1: 00001216788

Author: Pynchon, ThomasPublisher: Viking PressPublication Date: 1973Place of Publication: New YorkLanguage: EnglishLC Classification: PZ4.P997 Gr PS3566.Y55

Call# 1: PZ4.P997 Gr Copy 1 Call# 2: PZ4.P997 Gr Ft. Meade Copy 2

Title: Gravity’s Rainbow Dewey Class No: 813/.5/4# Pages: 760Height: 23 cm.Type of Material: Book Content Type: Text

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Resource D




Author: Pynchon, ThomasPublisher: Viking PressPublication Date: 1973Place of Publication: New YorkLanguage: EnglishLC Classification: PZ4.P997 Gr PS3566.Y55


Title: Gravity’s Rainbow Dewey Class No: 813/.5/4# Pages: 760Height: 23 cm.Type of Material: Book Content Type: Text

IItem-LevelDescription

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Publisher: Viking Press Publication Date: 1973


Language: EnglishLC Classification: PZ4.P997 Gr PS3566.Y55



# Pages: 760 Height: 23 cm.Type of Material: Book

Content Type: Text

I

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Resource D







Language: EnglishLC Classification: PZ4.P997 Gr PS3566.Y55




Content Type: Text

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LevelDescription

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Language: English

LC Classification: PZ4.P997 Gr PS3566.Y55




Content Type: Text

I

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Content Type: Text

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EExpression-

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† Galaburda, Kosslyn, Christen (Eds.) The Languages of the Brain. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. 2002.

Text is a graphic version of a speech-based languaging

mode






Language: English





Content Type: Text

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A restructuring & transformation of mental representations for communication.† A specific

system of speech communication






Language: English





Content Type: Text

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Preferences Google Account settings | Preferences Help | About Google

Save your preferences when finished and return to search. Save Preferences

Global Preferences (changes apply to all Google services) Interface Language Display Google tips and messages in: English

If you do not find your native language in the pulldown above, you canhelp Google create it through our Google in Your Language program.

Search Language

Prefer pages written in these language(s):

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Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swahili Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese

Of the 44 written languages that are employed by this search engine, users may select up to eight at at a time for their webpage queries

Distinguishing resources by Expression-level descriptions is so widespread as to be taken for granted. FRBR makes this level explicit

and also permits the specification of multiple “languaging modes” (e.g. a motion picture)

Web Images Videos Maps News Shopping Gmail more ! Sign in

Search Advanced Scholar SearchScholar Preferences

Each searcher is also obliged to indicate the type of content to be retrieved. Google’s types mix communication mode and subject matter






Language: English



Title: Gravity’s RainbowDewey Class No: 813/.5/4


Content Type: Text

I

M

E

W Resource D







Language: English



Title: Gravity’s RainbowDewey Class No: 813/.5/4


Content Type: Text

I

M

E

WWork-LevelDescription

Resource D


Imagery In Scientific, Artistic & Creative Thought


Imagery In Scientific, Artistic & Creative Thought


Understanding a Cultural Heritage resource description requires close attention not just to the structure and content of that description, but also to the larger resource/description structures within which any given description fits

Scientific and artistic approaches to representing and understanding complex phenomena can be instructive in showing how to appreciate a larger, complex, view


• Finding the Right “Picture” - Historian of science Arthur I. Miller’s three key studies of creativity in art and science:

• Imagery in Scientific Thought: Creating 20th Century Physics, 1986

• Insights of Genius: Imagery and Creativity in Science and Art,2000

• Einstein, Picasso: Space, Time, and the Beauty That Causes Havoc, 2001

Imagery in Scientific Thought


Imagery in Scientific Thought: Finding the Right Picture

• Working with what they could see, imagine, record, and calculate, astronomers tried to make sense of the cosmos



(Norman B. Leventhal Map Center, Boston Public Library; NASA)

• Ptolemy (c. 150) - Hypotheseis ton planomenon (Planetary Hypotheses) Geocentric view of the cosmos. Eccentrics, epicycles, deferents.



• Copernicus (1543) - Heliocentric view of the cosmos




• Kepler (1609) - Astronomia Nova (New Astronomy) Heliocentric view of the solar system, elliptical Mars orbit




• Kepler - Heliocentric view of the solar system, elliptical orbit dynamism




• The Solar System Today -





• General Relativity (1917) - Space-time warped by gravity



Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5

Lyman series(ultraviolet)

Lyman series

Paschen series(infrared)

Pfundseries

LithiumHydrogen Helium



Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


• Working with what they could see, imagine, experiment with, record, and calculate, atomic physicists tried to make sense of the microworld


Max Born cited in: Miller, Arthur I. Imagery in Scientific Thought . Cambridge MA:The MIT Press. 1987.


Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


• Bohr’s Atomic Model - “A remarkable and alluring result of Bohr’s atomic theory is the demonstration that the atom is a small planetary system ...”




Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


• “... the thought that the laws of the macrocosmos in the small reflect the terrestrial world obviously exercises a great magic on mankind’s mind ...”




Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


• “... indeed its form is rooted in the superstition (which is as old as the history of thought) that the destiny of men can be read from the stars.”




Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


• “The astrological mysticism has disappeared from science, but remains is the endeavor toward the knowledge of the unity of the laws of the world.”


• Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom - An explanation for light emission from atoms that avoids Einstein’s quantum. Imagery from the world of perceptions



Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


Brackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


• Solar System Imagery Departing or Transformed - Imagery from the world of perceptions conflicts with experiment and calculation


LithiumHydrogen HeliumBrackettseries

n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


• Kramers-Heisenberg (1925) state diagram - Imagery of the light emission process, but without mathematical underpinnings



n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


• Imagery Lost (1926-1943) No diagrams of electron-photon, neutron-proton particle interactions, though verbal descriptions existed. Much consternation



n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


Diagrams Based on Miller, Arthur I. Insights of Genius: Imagery and Creativity in Science and Art. Cambridge MA:The MIT Press. 2000.

• Feynman Diagram (1948) Physical process imagery is now generated by the mathematics of Quantum Theory. (Energy of incident/scattered light)



n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries


n = 1n = 2

n = 3

n = 4

n = 5


Lyman series


Pfundseries



Implementation - independent mathematical representation

• Drawing Feynman diagrams in software (rapid, flexible, creative exploration) now generates (a.) the appropriate equations and (b.) the computed results



Thomas Hahn: Automatic Loop Calculations in the SM and MSSM with FeynArts, FormCalc, and LoopTools.Talk given at Wolfram Research, Inc., September 2000.

Generating diagrams in just a few lines –aren’t there any strings attached?

Yes, one has to set up, once and for all, aMODEL FILE containing the couplings.

E.g. the SFF coupling is declared by

in the Generic model file:

kinematicvector

coupling vector

in the Classes model file (here for j2 j1 ):

counterterm

tree-levelcoupling

neutrinos have no right-handed coupling

Implemented* as statements in a computer programming language

• Drawing Feynman diagrams in software (rapid, flexible, creative exploration) now generates (a.) the appropriate equations and (b.) the computed results


• The human visual imagery system can generate and operate on image content that has never been perceived

– Feynman diagrams demonstrated that for physicists, the imagery system can be successfully “programmed” to create and operate on imagery that is generated by the mathematics of unobservable physical phenomena

Imagery in Scientific Thought


• The human visual imagery system can generate and operate on image content that has never been perceived

– Picasso’s painting Les Demoiselles d’Avignon demonstrated that for artists – and for receptive viewers – the imagery system can be made to creatively transform the geometry of customary visual appearances

Imagery in Artistic Thought


• The human mental imagery system can generate and operate on image content that has never been perceived.

– The creative imagery that led Picasso to cubism was influenced by: his work habits; aloneness and anxiety; Paul Cézanne; cinema, literature, music, and theater; Maurice Princet - “le mathématicien du cubisme;” and Henri Poincaré - non-Euclidean geometry and the fourth dimension



• The human mental imagery system can generate and operate on image content that has never been perceived.

– The creative imagery that led Picasso to cubism was influenced by: his work habits; aloneness and anxiety; Paul Cézanne; cinema, literature, music, and theater; Maurice Princet - “le mathématicien du cubisme;” and Henri Poincaré - non-Euclidean geometry and the fourth dimension



• Final Miller Quotes -

A hallmark of classicism in art and science is a visual imagery abstracted from phenomena and objects we have experienced in the daily world.

There is no such visual imagery in quantum mechanics or in highly abstract art. Artists and scientists had to seek it anew rather than extrapolate it from the everyday world.

Imagery in Creative Thought


In physics, the visual imagery imposed on atomic theories led to inconsistencies and confusions in interpretation.

It turned out that the proper visual imagery is generated by the mathematics of quantum mechanics, and it consists entirely of schematic representations of events, not pictures of objects...

This transformation in the role of imagery is one of the main distinguishing features of art and science in the twentieth century.

Imagery in Creative Thought


Imagery in Creative Thought: Relevance for Cultural Heritage

Resource Description


• Miller’s exploration of imagery-assisted creative expression (with examples from art and science) can inform advanced theories of the description of the resources that embody and make accessible a culture’s creative expressions




• In the face of increasing knowledge and experimentation, the critical, theory-relevant imagery that formerly elucidated a phenomenon can be lost and then regained in a new form






• Going beyond E-R modeling – by defining and systematically employing appropriate visual imagery in support of Cultural Heritage resource description – will enhance theory formation, education/training, and information system design


Paper Tools andFRBR’s Future


Paper Tools andFRBR’s Future


The lawful construction of a conceptual data model does not mean that the result will be accurate or useful.

Inoperative theoretical assumptions and carryovers from prior implementations can be identified and corrected by testing the resource description model against typical and atypical resource description scenarios


A Paper Tool: Resource DescriptionUsing a Diagrammatic Method

• What is a Paper Tool and who uses diagrammatic methods like this?• Why use a Paper Tool to reason about bibliographic

(etc.) relationships among resources?• How do we create and use it?


A Precedent From PhysicsFeynman Diagrams & Diagramming Rules

http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/theory/feynman.html. Kaiser, David. Drawing Theories Apart: The Dispersion of Feynman Diagrams in Postwar Physics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 2005.


http://www

http://www



Physicists Converging Upon A Solution

Atomic physicists in postwar Japan, working in near-isolation on the same physics problems as those in the West, developed their own diagram-enabled technique. As the physicists themselves and Kaiser noted, their goal was to create:

“‘... an effective tool for the discussion of higher order processes.’ The new diagrams allowed one to ‘command a view of the whole connection between the initial and final states ... of a certain complicated process.’”

Koba & Takeda, cited in Kaiser. p.135.


http://www

http://www




http://www

http://www

•How do we get there from here?–Begin with imagery adapted from the FRBR conceptual data

modeling process–Define FRBR diagram element combination/connection rules

based on resource description business rules –Use the resulting FRBR Paper Tool to create and study typical

and unusual resource description examples (exemplars)

How: Creating and Using aFRBR Paper Tool

Resource Diagram Drawing Conventions A Resource

Not observable or manageable because not identified and/or

described



described

A NamedResource

A Resource with a minimum required

description (id/name, “owner”), and a

description frame is observable and

manageable



described

A NamedResource




manageable

The Frame Serves as a Attachment Point for

Optional Descriptions



described

Optional Resource Descriptions

A NamedResource




manageable





described

Optional Resource Descriptions

A NamedResource




manageable

For FRBR, four different kinds

of Descriptions are associated with this

Resource. The descriptions further from the Resource are more abstract



Resource Diagram Drawing Conventions

Versions of this FRBR Resource/Description Complex will be used to depict and reason about

simple and complex arrangements of resources and their descriptions


It’s Convenient to Distinguish Resource Description Types by

Changing the Shape of the Resource Holder

(e.g., library vs. archive vs. museum resource descriptions)


It’s Convenient to Distinguish Resource Description Types by

Changing the Shape of the Resource Holder

(e.g., library vs. archive vs. museum resource descriptions)

A FRBR Entity An Archival EntityWorkExpressionManifestationItem

FondsSeriesFileItem


Coexisting Resource Description Schemes

This approach to resource description assumes that other description schemes may be applied to the same set of resources. Depending on business rules, the diagram elements may coexist, and may link to the same resources as well as to each other


FondsSeriesFileItem

Representing Bibliographic Information: MARC to FRBR

W

E

M

I

LC Control No.: 72083804

LCCN Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/72083804

000 01049cam a2200337 450

001 1244042

005 20001113094601.0

008 730410s1973 nyu 000 1 eng

035 __ |9 (DLC) 72083804

906 __ |a 7 |b cbc |c orignew |d 2 |e opcn |f 19 |g y-gencatlg

010 __ |a 72083804

020 __ |a 0670348325 |c 0670003743 (pbk)

040 __ |a DLC |c DLC |d DLC

050 00 |a PZ4.P997 |b Gr |a PS3566.Y55

051 __ |a PS3566.Y55 |b G7 1973 |c Copy 3.

082 00 |a 813/.5/4

100 1_ |a Pynchon, Thomas.

245 10 |a Gravity’s rainbow.

260 __ |a New York, |b Viking Press |c [1973]

300 __ |a 760 p. |c 23 cm.

350 __ |a $15.00

650 _0 |a World War, 1939-1945 |v Fiction.

650 _0 |a Americans |z Europe |v Fiction.

650 _0 |a Rockets (Ordnance) |v Fiction.

650 _0 |a Rocketry |v Fiction.

650 _0 |a Soldiers |v Fiction.

651 _0 |a Europe |v Fiction.

655 _7 |a War stories. |2 gsafd

655 _7 |a Science fiction. |2 gsafd

991 __ |b c-GenColl |h PZ4.P997 |i Gr |p 00001216788 |t Copy 1 |w BOOKS

991 __ |b c-RareBook |h PS3566.Y55 |i G7 1973 |t Copy 1 |w BOOKS

(650 $v)

Some Resource Diagram Drawing Conventions

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work


A Resource Description Diagram (RDD) presents a specific configuration of resources, their descriptions, and their relationships

• RDD construction provides exercise in theory-building (e.g. which resource descriptions should apply to analog and digital media – but not to performances)

• RDD construction and analysis informs the requirements specification & implementation process (e.g. two-way linking for a RDBMS requires an intersection table with begin_date and end_date values for each link)

The basic FRBR diagram grouping represents a resource and the combined set of descriptions of that resource


Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work


Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

A black-filled circle means that a resource and a resource description are both present.

A clear circle means that no resource is present.


Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

A black-filled circle means that a resource and a resource description are both present.

A clear circle means that no resource is present.

The color squares designate different types of resource descriptions. In this case, the color codes reflect FRBR rules for resource description.


Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

Connections between descriptions are made according to the rules for the point of view being represented.


Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work


Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

Squares placed next to one another are linked together by the appropriate relationship. No lines are visible.

These placements and links are specific to FRBR theory.


Cultural Heritage Resources exist in many languages and media types, and may be available in the form of multiple copies stored at multiple locations.The diagram must therefore be capable of accommodating many Work, Expression, Manifestation, & Item-level resource descriptions, and the links to/from them.We signal the presence of multiple resource descriptions in a FRBR diagram by using resource description containers

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Why Have Containers?They are diagrammatic representations of FRBR aggregate entities


Cultural Heritage Resources exist in many languages and media types, and may be available in the form of multiple copies stored at multiple locations.The diagram must therefore be capable of accommodating many Work, Expression, Manifestation, & Item-level resource descriptions, and the links to/from them.We signal the presence of multiple resource descriptions in a FRBR diagram by using resource description containers

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. München: K . G. Saur München, 1998.


Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

1-3.3 Aggregate and Component Entities“The structure of the model ... permits us to represent aggregate and component entities in the same way as we would represent entities that are viewed as integral units.”


Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Aggregate and Component EntitiesThis complex definition of aggregate & component entities is depicted in a FRBR diagram as open or closed FRBR resource description boxes.In IFLA terms, the open boxes represent aggregate entities, and the closed boxes represent IFLA component* or integral entities. The benefits of this distinction will now be demonstrated

Item 1

Contains


These diagrams show two ways to depict a single Item-level resource description.

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Item 1

Contains

If a color square is solid, that means a single resource description is present.



Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Item 1

Contains

If a color square is hollow, that means the description acts as a container that points to one or more descriptions of the same type.



Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Item 1

Contains

If a color square is hollow, that means the description acts as a container that points to one or more descriptions of the same type.


For the rightmost diagram, note that the container Item hosts a single Item-level resource description.Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Contains Contains

Item 1

Contains


For this third diagram, note that the container Item now hosts two Item-Level resource descriptions.

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Contains Contains

Item 1

Contains


Because many older print resources were produced in fewer languages, media, etc., the diagram drawing convention is to use a more compact diagram where possible

For this third diagram, note that the container Item now hosts two Item-Level resource descriptions.

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Contains Contains Contains

Item #2

Item #1

Contains Contains

Specifying Element Quantities... Unknown quantity of Items... 43 Exactly 43 Items... 43+ More than 43 Items


Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+


Item #2

Item #1

Contains Contains


Business Rule For Containers: A container description shall be linked to one or more descriptions of the same type by a Contains relationship. Unlinked containers shall not exist

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Managing Simplicity & Complexity: Description & Relationship Growth

An Aggregate Of Resources And Their Descriptions May Grow Over TimeDescriptions of creative expressions may undergo notable changes over the course of resource creation, distribution, revision, adaptation, etc. These changes are documented by the creation of additional resource descriptions and relationships

Score of theMusical Creation:

Sole Copy


From A Unique Publication ... A unique, creative expression becomes visible and discoverable in the Bibliographic Universe via a description that assigns at least one unique value to the resource’s identifying (e.g. URI) attribute. Other descriptive information is added as required


Sole Copy


An Aggregate Of Resources And Their Descriptions May Grow Over TimeDescriptions of creative expressions may undergo notable changes over the course of resource creation, distribution, revision, adaptation, etc. These changes are documented by the creation of additional resource descriptions and relationships

FRBR Item_Identifier: A2432

Resource ID: A2432

From A Unique Publication ... A unique, creative expression becomes visible and discoverable in the Bibliographic Universe via a description that assigns at least one unique value to the resource’s identifying (e.g. URI) attribute. Other descriptive information is added as required


Sole Copy


Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


45+ Copies

ContainsContains Contains


Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


45+ Copies


The Container Item signals that all non-Item-level information about this musical creation (e.g., title, composer, recording medium, musicians, publisher) applies to all 45+ copies



... To One With Many Copies Copies of a creative expression can now be mass-produced. Each copy of a resource is assigned its own identifying value, but shares all other information. This is done by separating Item information from the rest, then linking through a Container Item


Based On

Based On

TheMusicalCreation

Contains

MenuhinPerformance

Contains

MaPerformance

Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


...Contains Musical

Score


Based On

Based On

TheMusicalCreation

Contains

MenuhinPerformance

Contains

MaPerformance

Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


...Contains Musical

Score

Concepts Can Find Multiple ExpressionThe concepts that underly a creative work may be realized in different ways (e.g., a musical score or a performance Based_On the musical score). Each realization of these concepts is documented by its own Expression-Level description


Based On

Based On

TheMusicalCreation

Contains

MenuhinPerformance

Contains

MaPerformance

Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


...Contains Musical

Score

Work-level info inferred for copy #1



Based On

Based On

TheMusicalCreation

Contains

MenuhinPerformance

Contains

MaPerformance

Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


...Contains Musical

Score

In this diagram, the Container Expression signals that all Work-level intellectual or artistic descriptions of this musical creation apply to the score and to future performances of that score.


Automatic Description of ResourcesAll Work-level intellectual or artistic descriptions of this musical creation apply by inference to the musical score; to documented prior and future performances of the score; and to existing and future recordings of those performances.

Based On

TheMusicalCreation

Contains

Contains

Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


...Contains Musical

Score

Contains Contains Contains Contains

...

MaRecording

Has AReproduction

Has AReproduction

MaPerformance

MenuhinPerformance

MenuhinRecording ...

Based On


Based On

TheMusicalCreation

Contains

Contains

Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


...Contains Musical

Score


...

MaRecording

Has AReproduction

Has AReproduction

MaPerformance

MenuhinPerformance


Based On


Benefits of Systematic Resource Description AssemblyNote This: A fixed set of FRBR diagram elements have been linked to other FRBR elements and to Resources. The resulting simple and complex resource/description structures can be “read,” navigated, and extracted for display or for other uses

Managing Structural ComplexityThe ability to generate complex resource/description structures beings with it the need to render those structures manageable during theory formation. This is accomplished by conceptually chunking (or folding) diagram elements. Implementations may benefit from attention to theoretically relevant folding points

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

Has Part

Item 1

Has Part

Has Part

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+

Has Part

Resource A

Item #2

Item #1

Contains Contains

Resource B

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+


Resource C

Managing Simplicity & Complexity: Folding Descriptions And Resources


Item #2

Item #1

Contains Contains

Resource B

Item #2

Item #1

... 43+


Resource CResource A



Item #2

Item #1

... 43+


Resource C

Chunking/Folding: Reducing Diagram & Cognitive Load

From Three Elements and Two Links to One Placeholder

Resource BResource A





Chunking /Folding: Reducing Diagram & Cognitive Load

From 47+ Elements and 46+ Links to One Placeholder

Resource B Resource CResource A


From Cognitive Psychology: “... the span of absolute judgment and the span of immediate memory impose severe limitations on the amount of information that we are able to receive, process, and remember. By organizing the stimulus input simultaneously into several dimensions and successively into a sequence of chunks, we manage to break (or at least stretch) this informational bottleneck.” (Miller 1955)





Miller, G. A. (1956). "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information". Psychological Review 63 (2): 81–97.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller


http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Miller/






Miller, G. A. (1956). "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information". Psychological Review 63 (2): 81–97.



Know This: FRBR’s concepts of integral and component entities appear to be a theoretical application of cognitive chunking strategies. This approach supports the creation, linking, navigation, and extraction of persistent systems of resource description building blocks – and their respective Resources – rather than rely upon the assembly of metadata structures on the fly





Based On

TheMusicalCreation

Contains

Contains

Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


...Contains Musical

Score


...

MaRecording

Has AReproduction

Has AReproduction

MaPerformance

MenuhinPerformance


Based On


Chunking/Folding & Information System Design: Historically, bibliographic resource descriptions were not conceived as or implemented as “foldable” data structures. Paper tool explorations demonstrate their benefits. Designers and programmers can then identify information technologies to manage this task

Based On

TheMusicalCreation

Contains

Contains

Copy #2

Copy #1

... 43+


...Contains Musical

Score


...

MaRecording

Has AReproduction

Has AReproduction

MaPerformance

MenuhinPerformance


Based On


Chunking/Folding & Information System Design: Historically, bibliographic resource descriptions were not conceived as or implemented as “foldable” data structures. Paper tool explorations demonstrate their benefits. Designers and programmers can then identify information technologies to manage this task

“The bibliographer who wishes to bring order to this great stream of Moby-Dicks must, like Ishmael putting together the folios and octavos of his cetological system, be prepared to say, ‘I have swam through libraries,’ and to recognize in the end that he will leave the structure “standing thus unfinished.”

Tanselle 1976, p.5

Working With A FRBR Paper Tool:The Moby-Dick Exemplar

Tanselle, G. Thomas. Checklist of Editions of Moby-Dick 1851-1976. Issued on the Occasion of an Exhibition at The Newberry Library Commemorating the 125th Anniversary of Its Original Publication. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library. 1976.

• Imagine This For Today: Command a view of the whole connection between resources and resource descriptions of a literary achievement:– Printings (56+) of the full-length novel– A chapter-length excerpt from the novel– A multimedia creation, combining:

– Animated, painted, pages from the 1851* and 1993 printings– Audio tracks from an Orson Welles reading of the novel– A sequence from the Orson Welles directed film Citizen Kane– Audio tracks from an Orson Welles monologue on the topic

of Chartres cathedral– Audio tracks of a live recording of the Led Zeppelin song

“Moby Dick”


• Imagine This For Today: Command a view of the whole connection between resources and resource descriptions of a literary achievement:– Printings (56+) of the full-length novel– A chapter-length excerpt from the novel– A multimedia creation, combining:

– Animated, painted, pages from the 1851* and 1993 printings– Audio tracks from an Orson Welles reading of the novel– A sequence from the Orson Welles directed film Citizen Kane– Audio tracks from an Orson Welles monologue on the topic

of Chartres cathedral– Audio tracks of a live recording of the Led Zeppelin song

“Moby Dick”


Why The Asterisk* ?Itin used two copies from the same 1992 printing for his artwork. (Some pages in this book were facsimile pages from the 1851 New York edition.) For this exemplar, we make the scenario more challenging by substituting a copy of the 1851 New York printing.

This scenario enhancement makes it possible to demonstrate how resource descriptions created by operationally distinct Cultural Heritage professionals – catalogers, book conservators, and preservation scientists – fruitfully interact to the benefit of the Cultural Heritage Resource

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

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2000

Transfer & Transformation Of Content Across Cultural Heritage Resources: A FRBR Resource Description Network of A Herman Melville's NovelsTypee 1846

Mardi 1849

Omoo 1847

Redburn1846

White-Jacket 1850

Moby-Dick 1851

Pierre 1852

Isle of the Cross 1853

Israel Potter 1855

Billy Budd 1891* 1924

Confidence Man 1857

1840

Has A SuccessorHas A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

The Moby-Dick Exemplar

This set of folded Herman Melville resource/description complexes is arrayed along the timeline at left.

1850

1860

1870

1880


Mardi 1849

Omoo 1847

Redburn1846

White-Jacket 1850

Moby-Dick 1851

Pierre 1852


Israel Potter 1855

Confidence Man 1857

1840


Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor


These Melville resource/description complexes are linked to one another by has_a_successor relationships. Each novel’s “title” and date of first publication are shown

Typee - 1846

Mardi - 1849

Billy Budd - 1891* 1924

1850

1860

1870

1880


Mardi 1849

Omoo 1847

Redburn1846

White-Jacket 1850

Moby-Dick 1851

Pierre 1852


Israel Potter 1855

Confidence Man 1857

1840


Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor

Has A Successor


These Melville resource/description complexes are linked to one another by has_a_successor relationships. Each novel’s “title” and date of first publication are shown

Typee - 1846

Mardi - 1849

Billy Budd - 1891* 1924

The folded resource/description complex located at the year 1851 represents Melville’s novel, “Moby-Dick”

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

Transfer & Transformation Of Content Across Cultural Heritage Resources: A Moby-Dick FRBR Resource Description Network Covering Full-Length Printings From 1851-1976*

Attention: This is a schematic representation * You are not viewing a record or records* You are not viewing entity attributes, fields, or tags* You are viewing a "paper tool" depiction of FRBR entities and relationships

FRBR Conceptual Data Model

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919

3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 1952 30. 1952 31. 1952 32. 1952

33. 1953

34. 1955 35. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

9b. 1930

16. 1929 16a. 1929

33a. 1959

* Based On: Tanselle, G. Thomas. A Checklist of Editions of Moby-Dick 1871-1976: Issued on the Occasion of an Exhibition at the Newberry Library commemorating the 125th Anniversary of its Original Publication. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library. 1976.

1. 1851 2. 1851 XX. 1851

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919

3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 1952 30. 1952 31. 1952 32. 1952

33. 1953

34. 1955 35. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

9b. 1930

16. 1929 16a. 1929

33a. 1959


1. 1851 2. 1851 XX. 1851


These are the initial 1851 publications

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919

3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 1952 30. 1952 31. 1952 32. 1952

33. 1953

34. 1955 35. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

9b. 1930

16. 1929 16a. 1929

33a. 1959


1. 1851 2. 1851 XX. 1851



This set of publications have a relationship that is readily established by evidence that is ordinarily not found in a library catalog

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919

3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 1952 30. 1952 31. 1952 32. 1952

33. 1953

34. 1955 35. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

9b. 1930

16. 1929 16a. 1929

33a. 1959


1. 1851 2. 1851 XX. 1851



This set of publications have a relationship that is readily established by evidence that is ordinarily not found in a library catalog

Printings of some version of “Moby-Dick” appear regularly from 1919-1976

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

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...

Has A TranscriptionIn Part

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

Re-Published As

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Has A Transcription

Republished As

Republished As

???????

Republished As

Republished As

Gets Copies

Republished As

TranscribedIn Part As



Republished As

???????

Republished As


???????

RepublishedAs

Republished As

9b. 1930

Republished As

Republished As

??????? ???????

???????

Republished As

???????

Republished As



???????

16. 1929 16a. 1929Republished As

Republished As

???????

Republished As

???????

Republished As Republished As

Republished As

Republished As


Republished As???????

???????

Republished As

???????

??????????????

???????

???????


TanscribedIn Part As

Republished As

???????

Republished As



???????

???????

33a. 1959

Republished As

???????

???????

Republished As

???????

???????

???????

???????


...

1. The Whale, LondonPub. Oct 18, 1851

Has Copy Has Copy

HasManifestation

...+ 2 Printings(Binding Changes)

HasManifestation

Has Copy

...

2. Moby-Dick, New YorkProofed Summer 1851Pub. Nov. 14? 1851


Republished As

???????

??????? ???????

???????

???????

??????????????

??????? ???????

Republished As

Republished As

??????? ???????

???????

Has A TranscriptionIn Part(?)

Has Copy

Has Copy

...Has Copy


Based On

Excerpted As

3. "The Town Ho's Story" in Harper's New Monthly Magazine

Oct. 1851

A chapter from the American version appeared in the October, 1851 issue of

Harper's New Monthly Magazine

Republished As

Has A Transcription



Republished As

Has A Transcription

Has A Successor

D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003E. 2003

Republished As


Ronald J. Murray

FYI:

Feel free to zoom in (400%+) on any of these diagrams. Many details await the interested reader!

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

Re-Published As

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Has A Transcription

Republished As

Republished As

???????

Republished As

Republished As

Gets Copies

Republished As




Republished As

???????

Republished As


???????

RepublishedAs

Republished As

9b. 1930

Republished As

Republished As

??????? ???????

???????

Republished As

???????

Republished As



???????


Republished As

???????

Republished As

???????


Republished As

Republished As



???????

Republished As

???????

??????????????

???????

???????



Republished As

???????

Republished As



???????

???????

33a. 1959

Republished As

???????

???????

Republished As

???????

???????

???????

???????


...


Has Copy Has Copy

HasManifestation


HasManifestation

Has Copy

...



Republished As

???????

??????? ???????

???????

???????

??????????????

??????? ???????

Republished As

Republished As

??????? ???????

???????


Has Copy

Has Copy

...Has Copy


Based On

Excerpted As


Oct. 1851



Republished As

Has A Transcription



Republished As

Has A Transcription

Has A Successor

D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003E. 2003

Republished As


This area mostly contains linked, folded Herman Melville resource/description complexes. FRBR relationships were defined using regular bibliographic information plus evidence provided by a Melville scholar (Tanselle 1975)

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

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15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

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9d. 1955

15a. 1929

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17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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47. 1967

56. 1976

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3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

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47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

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3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

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3f. 1920

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4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

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9d. 1955

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17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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37. 1959

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43. 1964 44. 1964

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48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

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47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

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1860

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1900

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...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

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13a. 1931

15. 1928

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15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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24. 1947

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36. 1956

27. 1950

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28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

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37. 1959

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42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

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48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

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The 1851 London edition was typeset from the by then edited proof pages provided by Melville.

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47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

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1860

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1890

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1930

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...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

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9. 1924

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9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

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13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

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17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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19. 1937

19a. 1940

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27. 1950

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28. 1951

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29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

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37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

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Before the publication of the full-length novel, a very slightly modified chapter (two words were changed) was excerpted in the October Harper’s New Monthly Magazine

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

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1860

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...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

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4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

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17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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20. 1942

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36. 1956

27. 1950

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28. 1951

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29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

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37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

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48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

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The magazine article is promoted to the status of an independent intellectual creation, but one excerpted from (Excerpted_As) the full-length novel.

The London publication, typeset and printed from substantively edited proof sheets provided by Melville, is designated as a new expression of (Based_On) the literary creation

From a FRBR perspective, the American publication is the first English language expression of the literary creation

D1. 1992

56. 1976

47. Norton CriticalEdition 1967

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Emerson's 1834Journal Entry

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14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

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1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




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3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

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3f. 1920

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4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

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7a. 1963

8. 1922

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YouTube ID: cRuTcnd8YLUViewed 1,636,198 times (5/25/2010)

Contains Contains Has A Reproduction

Is Embodied In

YouTube "Ishmael"Audio Track

Excerpt

YouTube"Chartres Cathedral"

Audio TrackExcerpt

Led Zeppelin"Moby Dick"Audio Track

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CollectionLeaf Recto -Title Page

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1988

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English language versions without proper provenance should be linked to the first(?) English Manifestation-level description?

Contains

2. EnglishText

Based On

Everything began with the American English language version: New York.Proof Printed Summer 1851Published Nov. 14? 1851

Is Part Of(Excerpted From)

A leaf or folio is a single complete page, front (recto, "odd-numbered") and back (verso, "even-numbered"),

in a finished book



Should we rely upon inference to provide information about unpainted book leaves?* The leaf/page count *should be Manifestation-level info* The pages actually painted are specifiedCould the page count and actual unpainted page numbers be inferred, given the above facts?

Can this set of images (irrespective of the number of leaves painted) be defined as

an independent intellectual creation?

Spanish

Text

Persian

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Japanese

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Vietnamese

Text


"Moby-Dick"


47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

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3c. 1896...

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

4. 1899

4a. 1900

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Has A Transcription

Republished As

Gets Copies

Republished As

Some of the relationships (Gets_Copies) between these printings reflect the acquisition of printed pages by three publishers.

While this kind of information is not usually employed by catalogers, it is known to many scholars and to attentive readers. This information can provide evidence for defining a FRBR relationship, and suggests an overlap of descriptive interests between scholars, librarians and attentive readers

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

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D1. 1992

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D2. 2003E. 2003

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These printings were typeset directly from copies of an original – or from copies traceable to either a New York or a London printing. Given that small editing and inevitable typesetting changes have taken place, the pattern of Moby-Dick republication in this diagram can be described as succession with minor modifications

While the immediate successors of these printings are known, their ultimate relationship to the 1851 London and New York printings was not provided by Tanselle

47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

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D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003E. 2003

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Another pattern in Moby-Dick republication is detectable. Text from the New York and London printings is brought together by some editorial decision-making process to create a mixed or hybrid text. The resultant publication claims two textual sources rather than one.

The hybrid texts then became candidates for the familiar typesetting & reprinting process

The process of textual mixing plays a major role in the 1967 Norton Critical Edition and in the 1988 Northwestern-Newberry Edition of the Writings of Herman Melville, Vol. 6.

In both cases, text from the 1851 publications were examined and combined as part of an extensive research and editing process

D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

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Two expanded resource/description placeholders now reveal structures composed of the by now familiar resources, resource description boxes, and relationships. These depict the 1967 Norton Critical Edition and the 1988 Northwestern-Newberry Edition of the Writings of Herman Melville, Vol. 6.

Along with the expanded resource/descriptions for the novel, note at the bottom the diagram elements that represent the “Orson Whales” mashup

D1. 1992

56. 1976


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Reynold'sMocha Dick

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Contains

C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

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"F For Fake"


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A reconstructed text that, according to a group of Melville scholars, best reflects the author’s intent

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D1. 1992

56. 1976


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Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

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C. 1999

B. 1994

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5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

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3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

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9d. 1955

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"Moby-Dick"


The 1988 Northwestern-Newberry Edition of the Writings of Herman Melville, Vol. 6 possesses a structure similar to that of the Norton Critical Edition. The text of the novel was again reconstructed from the New York and London printings. Some accompanying articles in the Norton version were retained, but most were replaced by other excerpts and by sections created for this publication

D1. 1992

56. 1976


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Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

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3. 1892

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"F For Fake"


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"Moby-Dick"


The diagram elements for Alex Itin’s “Orson Whales” mashup depict the artist’s creation, selection and combination of animated still images of book pages with video and audio clips from the YouTube website.

Resource descriptions for the resulting mashup’s components link back to original analog and digital source materials

D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

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23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

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36. 1956

27. 1950

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

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"Moby-Dick"


The diagram elements for Alex Itin’s “Orson Whales” mashup depict the artist’s creation, selection and combination of animated still images of book pages with video and audio clips from the YouTube website.

Resource descriptions for the resulting mashup’s components link back to original analog and digital source materials

This mashup in part required painting and imaging pages from a copy of the 1851 New York* printing. Depicting this circumstance involves resolving the book’s whole (Item-level resource description) into its constituent parts: sub-Item descriptions labeled Leaves.

D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

Contains

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

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D2. 2003 E. 2003


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"F For Fake"


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1988




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"Moby-Dick"Note that the resource/description complex has now been broadened to include printings in multiple languages. A Container Expression collects links to these various printings

D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

Contains

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

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7. 1922

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8. 1922

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9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

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12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

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28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

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Has Excerpt

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D2. 2003 E. 2003


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"Orson Whales"2007

"F For Fake"


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1988




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"Moby-Dick"One of the 1851 New York English language copies (a Resource) was used by Alex Itin, a New York artist. Item-level descriptions here would identify Itin’s copy of the novel

D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

Contains

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Contains

C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




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3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

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23. 1946

24. 1947

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36. 1956

27. 1950

28. 1951

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29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

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34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

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46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

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"Moby-Dick"

Some pages were painted and photographed for use in an animation.

In addition to page numbering (in case the painted image turns out to be relates to the text below it), scientific measurements of paper & paint type and quality for each leaf would go here in service to conservation assessment and treatment.

Image capture data is not associated with leaf descriptions. It belongs with the reproduction, below

One of the 1851 New York English language copies (a Resource) was used by Alex Itin, a New York artist. Item-level descriptions here would identify Itin’s copy of the novel


D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

Contains

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

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9c. 1950

9d. 1955

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15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

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36. 1956

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28. 1951

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29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

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Emendations


Has Excerpt

...+25 Articles

D2. 2003 E. 2003


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Has AReproduction

"Orson Whales"2007

"F For Fake"


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1988




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"Moby-Dick"

We will now explore the Paper Tool depiction of the “Orson Whales” mashup, and of some of its sources


D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

Contains

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(Eds.) Text

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

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18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

28. 1951

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29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

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...+25 Articles

D2. 2003 E. 2003


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"Orson Whales"2007

"F For Fake"


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Has A Reproduction

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This multimedia effort is deemed to be an independent intellectual creation, one composed of a number of creative components



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56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

Contains

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




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3. 1892

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3f. 1920

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D2. 2003 E. 2003


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Excerpts of audio tracks from downloaded YouTube videos were selected, edited, and positioned relative to the edited video track. Resource descriptions from the original YouTube files inform those created for the excerpts



D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

Contains

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C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

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1990

2000




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Images of the 1851 and 1992 painted leaves selected and ordered for use in Itin’s animation are depicted here as Resources. Image capture data can (should) constitute part of each image’s Item-level resource description.

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56. 1976


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56. 1976


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B. 1994

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Contains

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Leaf Verso -Page 3

...


Contains


Itin's 1992 Copy

...


1988




Contains

Contains

... ...

Contains

Printing 2

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Contains

Printing 1

Is Embodied In


Is Embodied In

Contains

...(15?) Versions

MellvilleLetter

Contains

...

Contains

...

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...

Contains

...

Essay

Review

MelvilleReview

Has Excerpt

Has Excerpt

Has Excerpt

Has Excerpt

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...(XXX?) Articles

Contains


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Contains Contains


Leaf Verso -Page 4

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in a finished book






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ContainsContains


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Contains

Publication 1

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Taking into consideration origins, editing, and other transformations, the original selected resources are processed into a new resource (or resources) and made available for discovery, access, and use. Identification and use characteristics of the entire resource population or of individual copies are documented as Manifestation-level or Item-level resource descriptions


D1. 1992

56. 1976


Is Embodied In



Melville'sReview


Reynold'sMocha Dick

Contains

Contains ... ...

Contains

Printing 1

Contains Contains

Contains

Printing 2

Is Embodied In


(Eds.) Text

Is Embodied In

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Melville'sReview #2

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...

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...

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Contains

...

Reynold'sMocha Dick


Melville'sReview

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Has Excerpt

Has Excerpt

Has Excerpt

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...

Has Excerpt

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Is Embodied In


Is Embodied In

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Accompanies


Accompanies

Contains

C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

Re-Published As

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

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9b. 1930

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October 1851

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Has A Transcription

Has A Successor

27a. 1966

Republished As

Contains

Duyckinck'sChowder

Duyckinck'sChowder

Contains

...


History,Variants,

Emendations


Has Excerpt

...+25 Articles

D2. 2003 E. 2003


Republished As

Has AReproduction

"Orson Whales"2007

"F For Fake"


Contains

Screenplay

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Itin's 1992 Copy

...


1988




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"Moby-Dick"


47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

Re-Published As

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Has A Transcription

Republished As

Republished As

???????

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Gets Copies

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9b. 1930

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33a. 1959

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Has Copy Has Copy

HasManifestation


HasManifestation

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Oct. 1851



Republished As

Has A Transcription



Republished As

Has A Transcription

Has A Successor

D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003E. 2003

Republished As

Theory Time

Recall that we used evidence from Melville scholars along with the usual kinds of bibliographic information to define several types of FRBR relationships (Has_A_Transcription, Republished_As, Contains, and Accompanies) between the folded diagram elements on the left side.

The left side of the resource description diagram argues for a coordinated and mutually beneficial effort on the part of all interested parties to connect the Resources through their resource descriptions


47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

Re-Published As

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Has A Transcription

Republished As

Republished As

???????

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Gets Copies

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???????

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9b. 1930

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33a. 1959

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...


Has Copy Has Copy

HasManifestation


HasManifestation

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Republished As

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Has Copy

Has Copy

...Has Copy


Based On

Excerpted As


Oct. 1851



Republished As

Has A Transcription



Republished As

Has A Transcription

Has A Successor

D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003E. 2003

Republished As

The theoretical issue now is how to treat Resources whose FRBR relationships to other resource description complexes (the linked, folded placeholders) which are not yet so well-documented. This is a situation that exists in most of our catalogs today.

We “know” that the post-1851 publications are transcriptions of (Has_A_Transcription) one of the 1851 Moby-Dick texts – or are hybrids of those texts, or are copies of hybrids of those texts, or are hybrids of the 1851 texts and hybrids of other texts, or ... Just Ask Tanselle!


47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999

A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...


3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919


3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 1922

7a. 1963

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

Re-Published As

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Has A Transcription

Republished As

Republished As

???????

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Gets Copies

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9b. 1930

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33a. 1959

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...


Has Copy Has Copy

HasManifestation


HasManifestation

Has Copy

...



Republished As

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Has Copy

Has Copy

...Has Copy


Based On

Excerpted As


Oct. 1851



Republished As

Has A Transcription



Republished As

Has A Transcription

Has A Successor

D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003E. 2003

Republished As

But where and how do we define relationships that will gather all of the FRBR-linked and standalone Moby-Dick printings together (i.e., collocate at cataloging time) in our overall view?

One way to approach this issue theoretically is to create FRBR relationships that express “likely” vs. “well-documented” relationships. For this exemplar, we will define Likely_Has_A_Transcription, Likely_ Republished_As, Likely_ Contains, and Likely_ Accompanies relationships to supplement the existing ones.

In this English language exemplar, “well-established” and “likely” FRBR relationships can then be used to link the publishings under an umbrella resource description


7a. 1963

56. 1976

C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919

3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 19228. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

9b. 1930

16. 1929 16a. 1929

33a. 1959

D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003E. 2003

3. 18511. 1851 2. 1851

47. 1967

A. 1988

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...



Re-Published As

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Has A Transcription

Republished As

Republished As

Likely Composed Of

Republished As

Republished As

Gets Copies

Republished As




Republished As

Likely Composed Of

Republished As


Likely Composed Of

RepublishedAs

Republished As

Republished As

Republished As

Likely Composed Of

Likely Composed Of

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Likely Composed Of

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Republished As

Likely Composed Of

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Republished As

Republished As

Likely Composed Of

Likely Composed Of

Likely Composed Of



Based On

Excerpted As

Republished As

Has A Transcription



Republished As

Has A Transcription

Has A Successor

Republished As

Composed Of Composed Of

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“Contains” Links “Likely Contains” Links

FRBR Links & “Contains” Links Together With “Likely Contains” Links


7a. 1963

56. 1976

C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 18933a. 1893

3e. 1919

3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899

4a. 1900

6. 1920

7. 19228. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

15a. 1929

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 1931

15. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930 18. 1930 18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943 21a. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

33. 1953

34. 195535. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964 44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968 49. 1968

50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974 54. 1974

55. 1975

9b. 1930

16. 1929 16a. 1929

33a. 1959

D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003E. 2003

3. 18511. 1851 2. 1851

47. 1967

A. 1988

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000




...



Re-Published As

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Gets Copies

Has A Transcription

Republished As

Republished As

Likely Composed Of

Republished As

Republished As

Gets Copies

Republished As




Republished As

Likely Composed Of

Republished As


Likely Composed Of

RepublishedAs

Republished As

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Republished As

Likely Composed Of

Likely Composed Of

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Likely Composed Of

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Republished As

Republished As

Likely Composed Of

Likely Composed Of

Likely Composed Of



Based On

Excerpted As

Republished As

Has A Transcription



Republished As

Has A Transcription

Has A Successor

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7a. 1963

56. 1976

C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 1893

3a. 1893

3e. 1919

3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899 4a. 1900

6. 1920

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 193115. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930

18. 1930

18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943

22. 1944

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49. 1968

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51. 1970

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55. 1975

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7. 1922 21a. 1943

15a. 1929

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7a. 1963

56. 1976

C. 1999

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5. 1907

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3d. 1900

3. 1892

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X.

3. 1851

1. 1851

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56. 1976

C. 1999A. 1988

B. 1994

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5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 1893

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33a. 1959

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7a. 1963

56. 1976

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B. 1994

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3. 1892

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28. 1951

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29. 195230. 1952 31. 195232. 1952

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42. 1963

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50. 1970 51. 1970

52. 1972

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55. 1975

9b. 1930

16. 1929 16a. 1929

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3. 18511. 1851 2. 1851

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3. 1851

1. 1851

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47. 1967

56. 1976

C. 1999A. 1988

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 1893

3a. 1893

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3f. 1920

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• FRBR paper tool manipulations permitted rapid and flexible exploration of exemplars of notable creative expressions• Theoretical and practical benefits were demonstrated and

proposed•FRBR paper tool used for theory formation and testing•Redefinition of collocation• Identification of some mathematical ideas underlying

collocation• Exploration of paper tool uses at different levels to suggest

data structures for Cultural Heritage resource description, discovery, and access

Working With Feynman Diagrams:Why They Worked

Recap: Why Work With AFRBR Paper Tool?



A Historical Parallel?

Up until the 20th Century, imagery of the world of perceptions shaped verbal and mathematical descriptions of physical processes – until that imagery failed to accommodate what was observable experimentally. Now, the mathematics of physical processes dictates the appropriate imagery

Ecclesiastical, secular, and 19th Century scientific & organizational concepts, and imagery based on the material manifestations of creative expressions have been drawn upon to shape bibliographic resource description theories. These theories now confront the extreme varieties and quantities of resources available in libraries and on the Internet

• Kaiser asserts that the success of Feynman diagrams over other diagrammatic methods that were subsequently introduced was due to three factors:• The ability and willingness of physicists to redefine the meanings

and appearance of diagram elements – and to use them for theory formation and as placeholders for complex calculations



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:String-interaction.jpg; http://today.slac.stanford.edu/images/2006/omega-spin-LG.jpg ; op. cit.


and appearance of diagram elements – and to use them for theory formation and as placeholders for complex calculations • Their (deliberate-but-deniable)

similarity to imagery of the pre-existing mathematical structure known as Minkowski space (or space-time)




and appearance of diagram elements – and to use them for theory formation and as placeholders for complex calculations • Their (deliberate-but-deniable)

similarity to imagery of the pre-existing mathematical structure known as Minkowski space (or space-time)• Their similarity to the imagery

produced by cloud and bubble chambers



• Benefits of FRBR Paper Tool-like diagrams in comparison to other diagrammatic methods, or to disaggregated resource description assembly approaches:• The ability of theory- or implementation-oriented parties to

manipulate the diagrams to explain/predict phenomena of interest, or to model information storage, discovery, and access (e.g., think about or design systems of RDF-based resource/descriptions)

• Their deliberate similarity to and extension of traditional genealogical diagram imagery• Depicts complementary points of

view on a Resource, when each point of view is defined as a list of attributes and relationships.



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From Moby-Dick To Mash-Ups:Thinking About Bibliographic Networks

Acknowledgements - Judith Kuhagen, Graeme Simsion, David Hay, Herbert van de Sompel, G. Thomas Tanselle, Marcia Ascher, Arthur I. Miller, Gordon Dunsire, Mark Ragan, Peter Murray, Dianne van der Reyden, Myron Chace, James Hodson, Kevin Devorsey, Steve Puglia, LibraryThing.com, Wikipedia.org

Citation: Murray, Ronald J., Tillett, Barbara B. (Collab.) From Moby-Dick To Mashups: Thinking About Bibliographic Networks. Washington DC: American Library Association 2010 Annual Conference.

From Moby-Dick To Mash-Ups: Thinking About Bibliographic Networks

Relevant Resources

Ascher, Marcia. Ethnomathematics: A Multicultural View of Mathematical Ideas, Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1991.

Ascher, Marcia. Mathematics Elsewhere: An Exploration of Ideas Across Cultures. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Avram, Henrietta. MARC: Its History and Implications. Washington DC: Library of Congress, 1975.

Barker, Richard. CASE*Method: Entity-Relationship Modeling. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1990.

Bean, Carol and Green, Rebecca (eds) Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge. Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers ; Norwell, MA. 2001.

Berners-Lee, Tim; Cailliau, Robert. WorldWideWeb: Proposal for a HyperText Project. http://www.w3.org Proposal.html

Berners-Lee, Tim and Fischetti, Mark. Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its Inventor. San Francisco: HarperBusiness, 1999.

Biggs, Norman L, Lloyd, E. Keith, Wilson, Robin J. Graph Theory: 1736-1936. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.

Buckley, Fred, Lewinter, Marty. A Friendly Introduction to Graph Theory. Upper Saddle River NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. 2003.

keynote:/Users/kandroma1/Documents/FRBR%20Physics%20WWW%203-22-2010/%20The%20FRBR%20Physics%20WWW%20Presentation/FRBR%20Physics%20WWW%204-2-2010%20Part%206.key?id=BGSlide-63
















http://www.w3.org/Proposal.html




Relevant Resources (cont.)

Borges, Jorge Luis. Ficciones. New York: Grove Press. 1962.


Curran, Ann T., Avram, Henriette D. The Identification of Data Elements in Bibliographic Records. Final Report. Washington DC: United States of America Standards Institute, Subcommittee on Machine Input Records SC2, Special project on Data Elements, May 1967.

Dunsire, Gordon. The Semantic Web and Expert Metadata: Pull Apart Then Bring Together (2009). http://eprints.rclis.org/15880/

Einstein, Albert. “On the Method of Theoretical Physics.” Philosophy of Science, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Apr., 1934), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Philosophy of Science Association. p. 163-169.

Feynman diagram examples based on http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/theory/feynman.html.

Galison, Peter. Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Hay, David. Data Model Patterns: Conventions of Thought. New York: Dorset House Publishing, 1996.

Hay, David. Data Model Patterns: A Metadata Map. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufman, 2006.

Hay, David. “Data Model Quality: Where Good Data Begins.” The Data Administration Newsletter. http://www.tdan.com/view-articles/5286. 2005


















http://eprints.rclis.org/15880/




http://www

http://www

http://www.tdan.com/view-articles/5286





Hitchman, Steve. The Details of Conceptual Modeling Languages are Important - A Comparison of Relationship Normative Language. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. v.9, 10.2002.

Huson, Daniel. Introduction to Phylogenetic Networks. Center for Bioinformatics (ZBIT), Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany. Presentation at ISMB, Vienna, July 21, 2007. http://www.cs.hku.hk/apbc2007/T3.pdf

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. München: K . G. Saur München, 1998.

Kaiser, David. Drawing Theories Apart: The Dispersion of Feynman Diagrams in Postwar Physics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

Klein, Ursula. Experiments, Models, Paper Tools: Cultures of Organic Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century (ed.) Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2003.

Klein, Ursula. Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences. (ed.) Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

Klein, Ursula. “Paper Tools in Experimental Cultures.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 2001.

Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. (3rd ed.) Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Lakatos, Imre, Musgrave, Alan. (eds.). Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science (1965 : Bedford College). Cambridge [Eng.] University Press, 1970.


















http://www.cs.hku.hk/apbc2007/T3.pdf





LeBoeuf, Patrick. (ed.) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): Hype or Cure-All? Binghamton NY: the Haworth Press, 2005.

Miller, Arthur I. Imagery in Scientific Thought: Creating 20th Century Physics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986.

Miller, Arthur I. Insights of Genius: Imagery and Creativity in Science and Art. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996.

Miller, Arthur I. Einstein, Picasso: Space, Time, and the Beauty That Causes Havoc. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

Monge, Peter R. and Contractor, Noshir S. Theories of Communications Networks. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Murray, Ronald J., Tillett, Barbara B. (Collab.) Re-Imagining The Bibliographic Universe: The Graph-Theoretic Library: Or How (And Why) To Get From Math 1 To The World Wide Web in Steps(n, easy). Providence RI: Presentation at the Brown University, April 2009.

Murray, Ronald J., Tillett, Barbara B. (Collab.) Re-Imagining The Bibliographic Universe: FRBR, Physics, & The World Wide Web. Washington DC: Presentation at the Library of Congress, November 2009.

Murray, Ronald J., Tillett, Barbara B. (Collab.) FRBR Exemplars: Diagrammatic Exploration of Bibliographic Problem/Solution Sets. London UK: Presentation at the British Library, January 2010.

Ore, Oystein. Wilson, Robin. Graphs and Their Uses. Washington DC: The Mathematical Association of America, 1990.



















Pagels, Heinz R. The Cosmic Code: Quantum Physics as the Language of Nature. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982.


Sassón-Henry, Perla. Borges 2.0: From Text to Virtual Worlds. New York: Peter Lang, 2007.

Simsion, Graeme C. and Witt, Graham C. Data Modeling Essentials. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994.

Simsion, Graeme. Data Modeling: Theory and Practice. Bradley Beach NJ: Technics Publications, 2007.

Smiraglia, Richard P. The Nature of a Work: Implications for the Organization of Knowledge. Lanham MD: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 2001.

Smiraglia, Richard P. (ed.) Works as Entities for Information Retrieval. New York: The Haworth Information Press, 2002.

Sperberg-McQueen, C.M. Burnard, Lou. TEI: Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange. http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/Guidelines.pdf

Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundations of Information Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.




















http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/Guidelines.pdf

http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/Guidelines.pdf


Tanselle, G. Thomas. Checklist of Editions of Moby-Dick 1851-1976. Issued on the Occasion of an Exhibitionat The Newberry Library Commemorating the 125th Anniversary of Its Original Publication. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library. 1976.

Taylor, Arlene. (ed.) Understanding FRBR: What It Is and How It Will Affect Our Retrieval Tools. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2007.

Watson, Martin S. “Archival Imaginings.” In Herbrechter, Stephan and Callus, Ivan. (eds.) Cy-Borges: Memories of the Posthuman in the Work of Jorge Luis Borges. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2009. 148-163.


















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7a. 1963

56. 1976

C. 1999

B. 1994

14. 1928

5. 1907

3c. 1896

40. 1962

3d. 1900

3. 1892

3b. 1893

3a. 1893

3e. 1919

3f. 1920

3g. 1923

3h. ca. 1927?

4. 1899 4a. 1900

6. 1920

8. 1922

8a. 1923

9. 1924

9a. 1925

9c. 1950

9d. 1955

10. 1925

12. 1926

11. 1925

13. 1928

13a. 193115. 1928

12a. 1937?

15b. 1973

17. 1930

18. 1930

18a. 1930

18b. 1937

18c. 1944

19. 1937

19a. 1940

20. 1942

21. 1943

22. 1944

23. 1946

24. 1947

25. 1948

26. 1949

36. 1956

27. 1950

27a. 1966

28. 1951

28a. 1956

29. 1952

30. 1952

31. 1952

32. 1952

33. 1953

34. 1955

35. 1955

35a. 1966

37. 1959

38. 1961

42. 1963

39. 1962

41. 1963

46. 1967

43. 1964

44. 1964

45. 1966

48. 1968

49. 1968

50. 1970

51. 1970

52. 1972

53. 1974

54. 1974

55. 1975

9b. 1930

16. 1929

16a. 1929

33a. 1959

D1. 1992

C. 1999

B. 1994

D2. 2003

E. 2003

7. 1922 21a. 1943

15a. 1929

3. 1851

1. 1851

2. 1851

47. 1967

A. 1988

...



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This archive holds data created by joining two other derived databases (green links) and processing the result

Archival Description(Must Accommodate

"Derived_From" Relationships)

Astronomy

Article/DataComplex #2

An OAI-ORE Conceptual Data Model

SWIRE

SSDS DR4

PDF HTML

RetrievedFrom

(Based On)

RetrievedFrom

(Based On)

DerivedFrom

(Based On)

DerivedFrom

(Based On)

DerivedFrom

(Based On)

DerivedFrom

(Based On)

DerivedFrom

(Based On)

DerivedFrom

(Based On)

Contains



Contains

Contains Based OnContains

Cites

CitesEmbodied In

Text

Article #2

Article #3

Contains

Contains

Contains

Contains

Contains

ComputerDataset #1

A FRBR & ISAD(G) Resource Description Diagram Acting As A Bookeeping Device For Archival (Database & Database Derivatives) And Publishable Content

Characterizes(Based On)




...

Contains

Contains

Contains

Contains

...

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...

...

Table #1

Fig. #1

Fig. #2

Table #2Resource Identification & Structuring, and Content Description for Databases and Other Resources

The "boxed" resource descriptions and the depicted relationships are expressed as RDF triples within the A-1, A-2, and ReM-1 OAI-ORE documents in the left-most diagram. Nesting RDF statements by recreating FRBR & ISAD(G) diagram "box" structures in RDF will improve readability, and enable resource discovery and navigation based on well-established Cultural Heritage concepts. (Note that after its construction, a nested, theory-relevant RDF structure can be disaggregated - if desired - for efficient indexing and other RDF triple-level data management purposes. However, the overall structure of the description will not be detectable.

For FRBR & ISAD(G) diagrams, define RDF statements to accomplish the following tasks - * Always assign one identifier (URI) and one party-in-role of "owner" to *each* resource, frame, and box). These are W3C minimum resource visibility/accessibility requirement.

Then assign other identifiers and "owner" statements as needed

For the FRBR diagram, define RDF statements to accomplish the following tasks - * Generate structural descriptions specifying the relationships of resources to one another. (data excerpts, data derivatives, citations, components, etc.)* Generate resource descriptions that designate mode & medium of communication (text, graphics, computer dataset, etc. where solid green boxes exist). This is Expression-level

information* Generate intellectual property management descriptions (as needed where solid yellow boxes exist, and ad-hoc as Manifestation- & Item-level information) that enable or restrict

resource/description discovery access, use, for each resource or selected resources (e.g., fair use with attribution, do not print, do not use, etc.).* Generate resource specific descriptions (URI copying, serial#, location, etc.) where solid red boxes exist* Generate subject/aboutness descriptions for resources or sets of resources. Place these statements along with other Work-level RDF statements* Designate resource/description attributes and/or relationships that will be used to define the boundaries of the resource/description complex. (e.g. retrieved_from and cites

relationships are not followed)

For the ISAD(G) diagram - define RDF statements to accomplish the following tasks -* Define the archival structure of the primary derived databases* Generate Fonds-, Series-, and Item-level descriptions as required* Define database data derivation (derived_from) relationships

Archival Theory?: Are database derivatives to be considered as standalone archives or as sub-parts (Series?) of the original archive?

This diagram represents derived databases as Items within a Series keyed to the deriving database(s)

Graphics

Embodied In

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Astronomy

Article/DataComplex #3

Based On

...

Cites

AstronomyArticle/DataComplex #1

Cites

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Contains

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Contains

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Derived Data Archive

Contains

DS-2Archive

DS-1Archive

Contains

BibliographicDescription

DS-3

DS-6

DS-5

DS-4

DS-7

Series A


FondsSeriesFileItem

JoinedSeries

Series B

Technology

From Moby-Dick to Mash-Ups