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Presentación en el Foro del Agua sobre "Materials for water treatment " de D. Pablo Benguría, Responsable del Grupo de Agua del Área Materiales para Energía y Medio Ambiente en Tecnalia.
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1
TECNALIA
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT Materials for water treatment
Retos y Oportunidades del Sector del agua en Euskadi:
“Foro del Agua“
Bilbao 22 de enero de 2014
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
1. Overview
2. Introduction
3. Main applications
4. Infrastructure and equipment
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
1. Overview
2. Introduction
3. Main technologies
4. Infrastructure and equipment
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
1. Overview
Generating and developing business opportunities through applied research.
FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION is a private non profit research centre.
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
1. Overview
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Organized in 7 fully interconnected sectorial Business Divisions.
1. Overview
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
We generate and develop business opportunities for the different actors of the value chains of the Energy and Environment sectors. 8 Areas:
01. BIOREFINERY & CO2
02. MARINE ENERGY
03. MATERIALS FOR ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
04. METEROLOGY
05. SMART GRIDS
06. SOLAR ENERGY
07. THERMAL ENERGY
08. URBAN ENVIRONMENT & LAND SUSTAINABILITY
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
1. Overview
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Dry (Plasma) & Wet technologies Improved (nano)coating , multilayers, surface functionalization, dry lubricants, …
Corrosion-related failure analysis & Monitoring. Advanced materials & processing for thermal, radiation, corrosion, wear protection,..
Gas separation (i.e. H2, Air, CO2,..) & Energy conversion membranes (i.e. batteries, fuel cells, electrolysers,..)
Elecrolytes for electrochemical devices (i.e. advanced batteries and supercapacitors) Surface treatments & Coatings
Loss of functional properties & Environmental implications of nanomaterials Nano-enabled materials/products
Electrocatalyst, nanocatalysts
Advanced surface technology
Materials for extreme environments
Membranes Technology
Ionic Liquids Catalysts
Nano-materials for energy & environment
Water Photocatalysis Filtration Water purification
1. Overview
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Staff: 30
15
11 PhD 6 PhD students 50%
Jon Zúñiga, Ekain Fernández, Miren Etxeberría, Sara Miguel, Saioa Sáenz de Urturi, Amets Etxeberría, Andrés Del Barrio, Jean Baptiste Jorcin, Marta Tejero, Marta Brizuela, Patricia Santa Coloma, Uxoa Izagirre, Cecilia Agustín, Juan Mari Hernández, Iñigo Ibáñez, José Angel Sanchez, Laura Sánchez, Amal Siriwardana, Jose Luis Viviente, Iñigo Braceras, Alfredo Tanaka, Oguz Karvan, Fabiola Brusciotti, Pablo Corengia, Ainhoa Unzurrunzaga, Saioa Zorita, Pablo Benguria, José Antonio Martínez, Yolanda Belaustegui, José Manuel González
Margot Llosa, Jon Meléndez, Alba Arratibel
15
7 Nationalities
San Sebastian & Derio (Spain)
1. Overview
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
1. Overview
2. Introduction
3. Main technologies
4. Infrastructure and equipment
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Disruptive approaches in cross-cutting technologies that can be tailored to improve current water treatment technologies.
We develop new materials for water treatment, not turnkey plants
We need from water engineering companies for the plant construction and scale up to pilot plants.
As a result of former R&D projects, we developed a variety of lab/pilot scale plants.
2. Introduction
Improving wastewater treatment from the point of view of materials
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
1. Overview
2. Introduction
3. Main technologies
4. Infrastructure and equipment
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
3. Main technologies a. Degradation of organic emerging pollutants from water
b. Removal of pollutants from industrial wastewater
c. Detection of trace pollutants from water
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
3. Main technologies a. Degradation of organic emerging pollutants from water
b. Removal of pollutants from industrial wastewater
c. Detection of trace pollutants from water
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Photocatalysis for water treatment
Objective Technology’s key parametres
New photocatalytic materials with enhanced properties
Study of photocatalytic fundamentals under real environments
Photocatalytic coatings based on nano-TiO2 • Synthesis via sol-gel high versatility to adapt to
different substrates and to include different NPs • Strong adhesion to substrates: no need of post-
treatment filtration • Strong resistance to leaching
Composite graphene-metal oxide platelets
• Patent pending synthesis method (WO2011/132036 A1)
• Improved photoactivity due to: High surface area (nanoparticles dispersed
on both graphene surfaces) Reduced rate of e- hole recombination Adsorption of chemical species on the
surface
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Patent pending photocatalytic reactor
Objective
Complete mineralization of organic pollutants: no
degradation subproducts
No chemical consumables
Based on TiO2 nanoparticles supported in coatings
Patent pending photoreactor with a maximized degradation efficiency (WO2012/156548 A1)
Collaboration with Oxital and University of Cantabria
Work in progress to increase photoreactor’s efficiency
Technology’s key parametres Development of a robust, efficient and cost
effective photocatalytic reactor for the elimination of emerging organic pollutants from water
Applicable as a tertiary treatment to urban and industrial wastewater and to drinking water.
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
3. Main technologies a. Degradation of organic emerging pollutants from water
b. Removal of pollutants from industrial wastewater
c. Detection of trace pollutants from water
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Objective
Synthesis of functionalized adsorbents supported in polymeric beads
Taylor made solutions to selectively extract pollutants in trace concentration from water
Solid liquid extraction of pollutants from water: functionalization of macroporous polymeric beads with different functional groups (physic adsorption, covalent or ionic bonds). Examples: • ZrO2 can extract fluoride, As and Se • Zirconium phosphate can extract Pb (II) • Chromotopic acid to extract borate • Maleic anhidride with cysteine selective to Pb (II) and Cd
(II) • Other pollutants such Se(IV), Al, or Cu (II), can also be
effectively extract from water in trace levels
Enhanced surface-volume ratio by supporting the adsorbents in macroporous polymeric beads
Stability: adsorption of pollutants are not affected by interfering ions
Technology’s key parametres
Pollutant adsorption by polymeric beads
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Membrane technologies
Objective
Improvement of current processes: industrial wastewater treatment and effluent minimization
Recovery of valuable materials from wastewater for recycling
Technology’s key parametres
Pervaporation • Elimination of VOCs from drinking water • Recycling of phenols from wastewater
Liquid-liquid extraction • Formaldehyde, phenol and methanol recycling
from wastewater from phenolic resins fabrication
Membrane technologies (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration) • Membrane functionalization for the recovery of
specific substances • Filtration of nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO and Ag) • Membrane technologies (ultrafiltration,
nanofiltration)
Filtration pilot plant
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Electrochemical processes
Objective
Removal of redox active metals and metalloids from wastewater
Recovery of pure metals for recycling Ions (metals) selectivity and versatility
Two main techniques: • Potentiostatic deposition: metal ions in solution are
reduced by applying a constant potential to the metal electrode (cathode)
• Cementation: metal ions are reduced to zero valence at a solid metallic interface.
Environmental compatibility: the main agent used
is the electron, which is a clean reagent.
Cost effectiveness: simple and relatively inexpensive equipment and operations
Amenability to automation: variables used (current, I, and voltage, E) are well suited for easing data acquisition, process automation and control.
Elimination of pollutants from a variety of industrial wastewater (i.e: painting processes, photographic processes, bleaching processes)
Lab scale: Pure Cd deposited over Al cathode
Schematic of an electrochemical cell
Technology’s key parametres
Electrochemical cell
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Ionic liquids
Objective
Removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from water
New coatings as corrosion inhibitors, antiscalants, biocides, algaecides and bactericides
Improvement of coagulation and flocculation during removal of solids in suspension from wastewater
Solid liquid extraction of pollutants from water • Incorporating functional groups ILs are capable of
interacting selectively with the pollutant into solid materials: extraction of fluoride, As, Se, Bo, Pb(II), Cd(II),...
• The extraction process with methimazole based ILs does not require the addition of a complexing agent or pH control of the mixture
Highly tuneable
• ILs can be tailored to have selective functional groups.
• Functionalized ILs can be impregnated in porous supports for water purification (i.e. membranes, polymer beads).
Cost effective
• Ionic liquids can be recycled and used again in a cost effective process
• Easy to synthesize in large scale • Environmentally friendly (no eco-human toxicity)
Technology’s key parametres
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
3. Main technologies a. Degradation of organic emerging pollutants from water
b. Removal of pollutants from industrial wastewater
c. Detection of trace pollutants from water
3. Main technologies
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Detection systems
Objective
Simple detection of pollutants from drinking water at trace levels
Different configuration of the adsorbents: polymeric beads, membranes, etc.
The presence of pollutants such fluoride and
arsenic in drinking water causes chronic diseases and death in many parts of the world • Fluorescent detection system of fluoride ions in
aqueous media • Not affected by other ion interferences • Tunable to detect other harmful substances such
as arsenic and mercury
Onsite detection of trace ppb levels of Pb(II) in real samples (i.e. wastewater from mining)
Some examples
3. Main technologies
Fluorescent detection system of fluoride ions in aqueous media
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
1. Overview
2. Introduction
3. Main technologies
4. Infrastructure and equipment
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Lab/pilot scale plants - Water
4. Infrastructure and equipment
Electrosynthesis plant
Nanofiltration plant Electrosynthesis plant
Electroembrane plant Microfiltration plant
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Lab/pilot scale plants - Water
Lab scale photoreactor Pilot scale filtration plant
4. Infrastructure and equipment
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Lab/pilot scale plants - Materials
Automatic pilot-plant (10 L tanks) for surface treatments
Automatic pilot-plant (30L tanks) for surface treatments
Plasma surface processing
Hollow fiber spinning lines
4. Infrastructure and equipment
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Laboratory equipment - Water
4. Infrastructure and equipment
• Test platforms for the measurement of photocatalytic activity in water
• Lab scale photocatalytic continuous reactor for water treatment
• Zeta-sizer • Water analysis:
– High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD)
– Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP/OES)
– Atomic absorption spectrometer – UV Spectrophotometer – Turbidimeter – Conductivity meter, NaCl analyzer and TDS – TOC analyzer – Centrifuge
• Speed-Vac • SPE manifold…. • Climatic chamber • Wheel and brush erosion system
(CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior permission of Tecnalia is prohibited).
Laboratory equipment - Materials
Atomic Force Microscopy
X Ray Diffraction (Glancing Angle)
XPS/Auger Spectroscopy
Optical Microscopy
Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDS analysis
FTIR µ RAMAN Organic compounds characterization
Sol preparation
Sol-gel deposition (dip coating)
4. Infrastructure and equipment
Rotary evaporator