In the name of Allah the Most Beneficent the Most

Merciful.

Fiber Optics Technology

Group Members Muhammad Umair

(087) Rana Abdul Ahad

(004) Minhaj Butt (002)

Brief flow of presentation

1. What is Fiber Optics?2. Structure of Fiber Optics.3. Modes of Fiber Optics.4. How it is made?5. Fiber Optics communication system.6. Evolution of Fiber Optics.7. Advantages / Disadvantages of Fiber

Optics.8. Applications of Fiber Optics.9. Conclusion.

What is Fiber Optics?An Fiber Optics is a hair thin

cylindrical fiber of glass or any transparent dielectric medium.

The fiber which are used for optical communication are wave guides made of transparent dielectrics.

Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over long distances.

Structure of Fiber Optics

CoreCentral tube of very thin size made up of optically transparent dielectric medium and carries the light form transmitter to receiver. The core diameter can vary from about 5um to 100 um.

CladdingOuter optical material surrounding the core having reflecting index lower than core. It helps to keep the light within the core throughout the phenomena of total internal reflection.

Buffer CoatingPlastic coating that protects the fiber made of silicon rubber.

Outer JacketHundred & thousands of theses optical fiber are arranged in bundles in optical cables. These bundles are protected by the cable’s outer covering, called a jacket.

Modes Of FiberThe Optical Fiber have two

modes

Single Mode&

Multi Mode

Single ModeSingle Mode cable is a single stand of glass fiber with a diameter of 8.3 to 10 microns that has one mode of transmission. Single-mode fiber gives you a higher transmission rate and up to 50 times more distance than multimode, but it also costs more. Single-mode fiber has a much smaller core than multimode.

Multi ModeMultimode cable is made of glass fibers, with common diameters in the 50-to-100 micron range. Multimode fiber gives you high bandwidth at high speeds over medium distances. However, in long cable runs (greater than 3000 feet), multiple paths of light can cause signal distortion at the receiving end, resulting in an unclear and incomplete data transmission.

How Fiber Optics is made?

Three Steps are Involved in the manufacturing of the Fiber Optics which are given below:

Making a Preform Glass CylinderDrawing the Fiber’s from the

preformTesting the Fiber

Fiber Optics Communication

SystemInformation

source

Electrical source

Optical source

Fiber Optics cable

Optical detector

Electrical receive

Destination

Evolution of Fiber Optics1880 – Alexander Graham Bell1930 – Patents on tubing1960 – Laser first used as light source1965 – High loss of light discovered1970s – Refining of manufacturing

process1980s – OF technology becomes backbone

of long distance telephone networks in NA.

Advantages1) The life of fiber is longer than copper wire2) Handling and installation costs of Fiber

Optics is very nominal3) It is unaffected with electromagnetic

interference 4) Attenuation in Fiber Optics is lower than

coaxial cable or twisted pair.5) There is no necessity of additional

equipment for protecting against grounding and voltage problems.

6) As it does not radiates energy any antenna or detector cannot detects it hence provides signal security

Disadvantage1) Highly skilled staff would be required for

maintenance2) Only point to point working is possible on

Fiber Optics3) Precise and costly instruments would be

required4) Costly if under utilized. 5) Jointing of fiber and splicing is also time

consuming.

ApplicationsFiber Optics have wider range of application in almost all field, some are been specified below1. In telecommunication field2. In space applications3. Broadband applications4. Computer applications 5. In medical applications6. In military applications etc.

ConclusionThis concludes our study of Fiber Optics communications have looked at how they work and how they are made. We have examined the properties of fibers, and how fibers are joined together. Although this presentation does not cover all the aspects of Fiber Optics work it will have equipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.

Any Questions?