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Disaster information map/
Disaster information sharing system (1) Current status of disaster information map for Japan
(2) Cloud-based system for public-private collaboration regarding
crisis management
(3) Cross-ministerial SIP (Strategic Innovation Promotion Program)
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Tadashi Ise Principal Research Fellow, Disaster Risk Unit,
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Japan
Cloud for crisis management Search
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(1) Current status of disaster information map for Japan
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Use of map information In normal times
Hazard map: A map that indicates areas which may suffer from flooding, volcanoes, and earthquake and tsunami after-effects to help disaster-prevention groups and residents in preparing for disaster measures.
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Use of map information Time of disaster (e.g., the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011) Used for checking status of damage and for emergency measures Handwritten notes were often used as first-aid measures.
Sharing of information on printed maps, as accessing Excel data was difficult.
A map with many sticky notes could not be used as a reference
chart, as some notes could be missing.
Copying paper maps and gluing them together to make a wide map was troublesome.
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Restoration/Reconstruction (e.g., as used after the Great East Japan Earthquake) The maps were individually managed for various applications such as rubble removal and city recovery plans.
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Superimposition of aerial photos of damaged areas, provided by private groups and the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI)
Use of “trafficable roads” information, released by a car navigation system company
Use of map information
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●House map (ZENRIN)
●Aerial photo (NTT GEOSPACE CORPORATION)
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eCommunity Platform Map was established so that maps of the research institutes, academic conferences, and private groups regarding disasters could be used based on API (Application Programming Interface), of the standard geographical spatial information. eCommunity Platform Map supported the damaged areas via a system that was able to be utilized on-site.
●Map (before earthquake, NTT GEOSPACE CORPORATION）
●Aerial photo of damaged area (GSI)
●Seismicity map (NIED)
●Flood damage area map (The Association of Japanese Geographers)
●Traffic info (Miyagi prefecture, Honda, Toyota)
●VC map(NIED) ●Shelter map
Establishment, sharing, and use of environmental and geographic spatial information after the Great East Japan Earthquake
eCommunity Platform Map (Open source Web-GIS developed by NIED)
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t Specific problems with local government disaster response
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Particularly regarding dissemination of disaster information Information segment Actual case
[Collection/Estimation] Scale of estimated external force (e.g., tsunami, rainfall, water level, eruption)
• In the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the estimated tsunami height was not correctly reported.
• Unprecedented scale of external forces, such as unexpectedly strong rain, occurred in many places.
Accurate damage prediction allows rapid response.
[Collection/Current status] Damage situation inside and outside autonomous region
• In the case of the above earthquake, cutcherys were damaged in many cities and towns, but no one was accurately reporting the damage.
• “Trafficable map” and other information provided from external sources did not arrive at the damaged areas.
[Provision/Other organization] Report of disaster response and damage information, including information on evacuation instructions and preparation of shelters
• They were busy corresponding with residents and had almost no time to report to supervisory agencies.
Various systems were born on a patchwork basis. Too many systems required too much time to operate. Telephones were more convenient.
[Provision/Residents] Public information for residents, including information on evacuation instructions and preparation of shelters
• Important information related to evacuation instructions was managed improperly; as a result, release of public information was delayed.
• Rules for decision-making were not well-prepared. There was no singularly effective way to deliver information.
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Improvement in the direction of disaster information flow Target information segment and general problem Necessary direction of the solutions
[Collection/Estimation] Scale of external force (e.g., tsunami, rainfall, water level, eruption) is unpredictable; therefore, evacuation is not properly executed.
• More advanced and faster estimation
calculation
[Collection/Current status] Since fragmentary information is not well-organized, damages are not accurately assessed. Information about neighboring autonomous communities is not available, and cooperation with external organizations stops.
• System for secondary use of received
information • System for sharing information
[Provision/Other organization] Although reporting to supervisory agencies is necessary, information is not sufficiently provided due to other obligations for corresponding with various organizations and residents.
• System for sharing information
[Provision/Resident] Information about current status of external forces and damages are not properly managed, and the rules for decision-making are not well-prepared. Urgent and smooth release of public information is impossible.
• System for comprehensive management
and smooth release of information
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(2) Cloud-based system for public-private collaboration regarding crisis management
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t Outline of cloud-based system for public-private
collaboration regarding crisis management
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System name: Cloud-based system for public-private collaboration regarding crisis management
Project name: Comprehensive promotion of social system reformation and R&D “Program for
Crisis Management System Renovation in Regional Communities (Response to Natural Disasters)”
－Publicly offered and chosen by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Purpose » To support decision-making of local governments in a time of disaster,
and to develop an information system that supports effective and collaborative disaster responses by official and unofficial organizations
Operation period FY 2011 through FY 2013 (three years)
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t Development concept (1) Effective and collaborative disaster responses by official and unofficial organizations, based on distributed interoperation ・Sharing of geographical information based on API and international standards Interoperation among related organizations Collaboratively operational with other systems (advanced utilization of information) ・Various and rapid one-stop information delivery via Public Information Commons, social networks (e.g., Facebook, Twitter), and local government websites
(2) Robust disaster response system via cloud computing ・Highly redundant cloud-computing environment Information-sharing platform; operational even in a time of a large-scale disaster
(3) Standardization of disaster response based on job analysis ・Tabs and menus guide; “what to do” in each phase of disaster responses Even inexperienced staff can operate without a manual ・System flexibly allows integration of regional features. ・Preparation of necessary data During a disaster, a user can change the properties to better use the system quickly and properly.
(4) Available as open source ・Private-sector resources improve the system without “vendor lock-in.” 11
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t Support of standard disaster responses
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Past operations during earthquakes and tsunamis (Great East Japan Earthquake), flood and landslide (Nigata Flood Disaster), and volcano eruption (Shinmoedake eruption) were analyzed. According to the results, disaster responses were standardized along each phase with two-layer tabs and menu buttons.
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t Import of external map via clearing house
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The cloud-based system for public-private collaboration regarding crisis management utilizes a data sharing system called a “clearing house,” and API and has a function to import information about neighboring autonomous communities and map information (aerial photos, trafficable road maps, etc.) provided by various organizations directly after the disaster.
Target autonomous community
within the system
Neighboring autonomous communities
Neighboring autonomous communities
[Data sharing system via clearing house and API] This screen indicates the condition of shelters. The local government of the area surrounded by the red line concentrates on inputting information about its own shelters and sharing it among its sections. With this system, information about neighboring autonomous communities is automatically and seamlessly shared in real time.
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t System design applicable to actual condition of each autonomous community
Presetting recommended disaster response work
Flexible settings according to actual condition of each autonomous community »The tab configuration and menu can be changed according to each user.
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Disaster type Tab configuration
Earthquake/ Tsunami
Since they occur suddenly, the top-priority response is “evacuation instructions” followed by “collection of damage information,” and “lifesaving” of people left behind in tsunami refuge buildings, etc.
Flood/Landslide Since their occurrence is more predictable, the first response is “monitoring and observation” of rain and river water gauges. According to the situation, “settlement of a headquarters location,” official announcement of orders, and “preparation of shelters” follow.
Volcano In addition to responses for “flood/landslide,” unique responses like “restriction of entry to mountains” are necessary.
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t Basic function list (Example: Earthquake/Tsunami disaster)
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Basic function Outline
Evacuation instructions ・With Japan Meteorological Agency XML information as a trigger, evacuation instructions can be automatically issued.
・In conjunction with evacuation instructions, already-registered documents can be distributed via Public Information Commons, Facebook, and Twitter.
Collection and reporting of damage information
・Main damage information is indicated on a map, and the damage of major facilities can be estimated. ・The data can be totalized on the Fire Defense Agency’s form No. 4 (immediate
report about fire and disaster).
Lifesaving ・Isolated emergency shelters can be extracted by space searching. ・A rescue request message is created and sent vie email or indicated with a pop-up alert.
Settlement of headquarters location
・To call staff, emails are distributed according to the system of reporting centers and headquarters for major disaster countermeasures. ・Information about the damage to disaster-prevention facilities, such as a
government office, is collected.
Shelter ・Availability of shelters, the number of evacuees, and commodities (including foods and drugs) are managed.
Road traffic control/Elimination of road obstacles
・Main road zones on which research may be necessary are extracted by space searching. ・Elimination of road obstacles and road traffic controls are managed.
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t Cloud-based system for public-private collaboration
regarding crisis management: Operation example
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City A HQ for major
disaster countermeasures
National government, prefectural governments, neighboring local governments, supporting local governments, lifeline operators, etc.
City A Response
teams
City A Shelter
Crisis management cloud system
Cloud-based environment Response check, decision making
City A Citizen
PR
Integration of information
Input of damage report and response condition
Public Information Commons
Private business, NPO, Disaster
Volunteer Center
Emergency report mail
Disaster prevention info (local government, etc.)
River info (land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry)
JMA disaster prevention info.
XML format Map API
Clearing house
Metadata
Evacuation instructions Preparation and operation of shelters Lifesaving Traffic control and restoration of roads, etc.
Mass media
Sharing and reporting of information Support request
Open source (free license)
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t History: FY 2011 through FY 2013
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FY 2013 FY 2012
Demonstration test (from Nov. 2013)
Trial version
Manuals (scheduled in March 2014)
・System setting manual ・User manual
Kamaishi City (Earthquake/ Tsunami part)
Fujisawa City (Earthquake/ Tsunami part)
Sanjo City (Flood/
Landslide part)
Kobayashi City
(Volcano part)
Development of additional function
Recommended setting
(scheduled in March 2014)
Consideration and design of basic screen
image
Basic package (scheduled in March 2014)
System development
Prototype development
FY 2011
Analysis of disaster control works
Demonstration test
Fujisawa City (Earthquake/ Tsunami part)
Kobayashi City
(Volcano part)
Interview Kamaishi City
(Earthquake/Tsunami part)
Fujisawa City (Earthquake/Tsunami
part)
Sanjo City/Mitsuke
City (Flood/Landslide part)
Kobayashi City (Volcano part)
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t Outline of demonstration test
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■ Purpose To evaluate effectiveness of disaster control procedures based on the system, and to improve the procedures and system functions
Disaster type Local government Test date Test overview
Earthquake/ Tsunami
Kamaishi City (Iwate Pref.) Dec.3, 2013
Assuming the occurrence of an earthquake/tsunami with a similar scale to that of the Great East Japan Earthquake, actual responsible staff experienced operations such as data input, which each disaster control team should do.
Earthquake/ Tsunami
Fujisawa City (Kanagawa
Pref.)
Jan. 17, 2014; Mar. 13, 2014
Assuming a similar occurrence to the Tokai earthquake/tsunami, we organized responses and created a scenario, then introduced how to share the information with the system.
Flood/ Landslide
Sanjo City (Nigata Pref.) Nov. 22, 2013
With the flood on July 29, 2011, as a model case, the city staff processed the emergency response works they should do at the time of flood by utilizing the system.
Volcano Kobayashi City (Miyazaki Pref.) Jan. 29, 2014
We invited people from neighboring cities (Takaharu Town and Miyakonojo City) and Miyazaki Prefecture, and showed them how the response condition of each town and city could be checked seamlessly via the clearing house from the neighboring local governments and prefectures. The staff individually experienced data input operation.
Local government for which we conducted the test
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Kamaishi City, December 3, 2013 Demonstration test
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t General comment of Mr. Kunisada, Mayor of Sanjo City
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(Although such a system tends to be self-righteousness, only satisfying developers), the overall concept and good operationality of this particular system, with the tabs and layered menu, are so user-friendly.
I think we, Sanjo City, can use the system to support decision-making at the time of disaster.
In order to improve standardization and distribution of data, I think it is important to generalize a standardized system in the regional disaster prevention field.
Sanjo City is pleased to provide any assistance.
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t Demonstration test participants of Sanjo City
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The prefecture’s current disaster prevention system is available but somewhat inconvenient. If we can view information from various cities and towns collectively, we can save labor. To see satellite images on the prefecture’s system, we have to ask JAXA. Like this system, we want to get information from various sources without troublesome procedures. (Crisis measures department, Nigata Prefecture)
We get information from volunteer fire corps. It is helpful if we can register that information in a central place.
We need to share information from volunteer fire corps. (Fire department of Sanjo City)
Sanjo City has a benchmark (based on the water level of Shinano River) by which to begin headquarters procedures for major disaster. Now they can check the water level via the Internet, and make a table manually. They need a system that automatically detects a trigger. (From the discussion with Sanjo City participants)
Benchmark for emergency deployment of Sanjo City (Based on river water level: When one of the three rivers indicates any of the water levels below, the relevant deployment starts.)
Target river Primary deployment
Secondary deployment
Tertiary deployment
Ikarashi River (Watarasebashi) 11.3 m 12.0 m 13.5 m
Kariyata River (Ozeki) 16.0 m 17.0 m 18.5 m
Shinano River (Ozaki) 8.5 m 9.0 m 10.0 m
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t General comments from the Deputy Mayor and Crisis Manager of Kamaishi City
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[Mr. Wakasaki, Deputy Mayor] The basic idea of this system, such as the screen
configuration, is excellent. Please improve the system continuously.
The system functions are good. We can output the collected information in the CSV format, and input data with a tablet.
[Mr. Yamazaki, Crisis Manager of Kamaishi City] Availability even during normal conditions is important. This
system is scalable to the daily work applications. That is a good point.
One-stop announcement to the citizens is also a good point.
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t Demonstration test participants of Kamaishi City
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We hope the system can work with the 119 system of the Fire Department. (Kamaishi City Fire Department)
With this system, we can import various data, operate secondary use of the data bi-directionally, and also check information from the city, so its potential as a tool is significant. We hope smooth communication of information with headquarters for major disaster countermeasures. (Coast Wide Area Promotion Bureau of Iwate prefecture)
We can collect information, but cannot share it. That is a problem. We should not wait for delivery of information. If the system allows us to search information when no information is delivered, it is helpful. (Mr. Nakagawa, Project Operation Chief)
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t General comment of Mr. Higo, Mayor of Kobayashi City
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Totally, this system is very excellent.
It is widely usable, not only for volcano disasters, but also for the following applications: Countermeasures for foot-and-mouth disease Advertising of Geopark (during normal conditions) Activity of voluntary organizations for disaster
prevention
I will promote this system to share information among the cities and towns around Kirishima.
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t Demonstration test participants of Kobayashi City
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We asked each city and town to make a report in case a disaster occurs, even when they are very busy coping with the disaster. Some reports are sent to not only the crisis management bureau, but also to the other sections, such as Prefectural Land Development Section. We know this procedure is a problem, and we hope this system is deployed in the prefecture. Currently, we are also developing our system to cope with wind and flood damage. We hope that system can work with the cloud system. (Miyazaki Prefecture)
This system is effective. It is very good that we can check the situation of neighboring Miyakonojo City. Sharing of information collected in the control room is also good. (Kobayashi City Fire Department)
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t Questionnaire about demonstration test
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[Question] Do you think that this system allows rapid response between related organizations? (Yes / Somewhat, yes / Neither / No)
City No. of respondents
Yes or Somewhat, yes Rate
Sanjo City 11 7 64% Kamaishi
City 18 14 78%
Kobayashi City
20 19 95%
Total 49 40 82%
<<Effective point>> Total information management, collaboration with external organizations, utilization of map information, etc.
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t Open resources Program source code
» License: GPL (GNU General Public License Version 2) • The program can be commercially used. • This license does not ask everyone to distribute or open the program.
► When an assignor asks an assignee to open the source code of the program delivered to the assignor, the source codes must be opened.
Guideline for system introduction » The guideline introduces actions and discussion items, which local government staff
should read and understand prior to using the system. » It shows target disaster response works, procedures for system preparation, installation,
system setup, and operation, followed by reference manuals and samples. SaaS preparation specification sample Manuals
» Installation manual • Manual of installation procedures (software installation, data registration, and settings)
» Setup manual • Manual of settings that match unique operations and name of each local government • Settings sheet for presets recommended by the project, which describes the menu configuration and
others by disaster type (Earthquake/Tsunami version, Flood/Landslide version, and Volcano version) » User manual
• System operation manual for general users 27
Note: NIED provides the system without charge.
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Demonstration site » A site that demonstrates the system presets for each disaster type
(Earthquake/Tsunami version, Flood/Landslide version, and Volcano version) is prepared. • A person who registered in advance is given an ID and password for the site,
and can visit the site via the Internet. » The following disaster response works can be experienced (though some
are restricted): • Evacuation instructions • Lifesaving • Preparation and operation of shelter • Road traffic control, elimination of road obstacles, and road reconstruction • Setup of headquarters • Collection of damage information
Release date » End of March 2014 » Site address (http://ecom-plat.jp/k-cloud/)
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Demonstration site and release date
Cloud for crisis management Search
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Assumed system introduction procedure for local government
Preparation of specification
sheet
• Preparation of system procurement specification sheet SaaS procurement specification sample
Procurement
• Procedure for procurement by bidding, etc. • Start of contract
Initial setting
• Setting content based on recommended presets for installation
• Installation of system and implementation of settings Installation manual, Setup manual
Start of system operation
• Implementation of temporary operation, training, etc. • Start of full-scale operation User manual
Cloud for crisis management Search
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(3) Cross-ministerial SIP (Strategic Innovation Promotion Program)
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t Outline of SIP (Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion
Program)
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What is SIP? “Creation of scientific and technological innovation” (extracted from the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan website) The Council for Science, Technology and Innovation
developed a cross-ministerial and cross-cutting program called Cross-ministerial SIP for creation of scientific and technological innovation. This program leads to effective outcomes and promotes
scientific and technological innovation strategically and powerfully, based on industrial, academic, and government cooperation.
http://sip-cao.jp/
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Task Annual budget
1 Innovative burning technology 2 billion yen
2 Power electronics for next generation
2.2 billion yen
3 Innovative structural material 3.6 billion yen
4 Energy carrier 3.3 billion yen
5 Marine resource research technology for next generation
6.2 billion yen
6 Automatic driving system 2.5 billion yen
7 Technology for maintenance, update, and management of infrastructure
3.6 billion yen
8 Improvement of resilient disaster prevention and disaster reduction functions
2.6 billion yen
9 Agricultural and marine products creation technology for next generation
3.6 billion yen
10 Innovative design and production technology
2.6 billion yen
In preparation for large earthquakes/tsunamis, severe rainstorms, tornadoes, and other natural disasters, the government and people collaboratively establish the system to share disaster information in real time, and improve performance of prevention and response. [Forecast] (1) R&D of tsunami prediction technology (2) R&D of prediction technology for severe rainstorms and tornadoes [Prevention] (3) R&D of liquefaction prevention technology based on large-scale demonstration test results [Response] (4) R&D of information sharing system with ICT, and utilization technology of disaster response organizations (5) R&D of disaster information collection system and real-time damage estimation system (6) R&D of disaster information distribution technology (7) R&D of regional disaster response application technology based on collaboration with local regions
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It is very important to rapidly assess damage and use this damage information for establishment of initial action systems and disaster responses in case a disaster occurs. Out of regret that the emergency measures were delayed in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995 and that damage across wide areas was not accurately assessed during the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, some suggested that it is important to figure out the overall damage condition quickly and comprehensively, while at the same time integrating information at each phase of preparation, emergency measures, and restoration and reconstruction in order to make decisions as soon as possible.
Although various damage estimation systems have been prepared by the national government, local authorities, and companies, it has been suggested that they have not been sufficiently accurate and also, total and comprehensive understanding of the damage is difficult to obtain with those.
We operate R&D of a real-time damage estimation and condition check system that allows estimation of the total damage, understanding of the damage condition, and also checking of the damage by towns and streets, and by individual buildings based on detailed estimations, even when a wide-area disaster like an earthquake occurs. This information must be quick and accurate. We operate R&D to improve this information based on observation and analysis technologies.
Problem
Research purpose
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t Development of utilization system for disaster response support In order to utilize real-time damage estimation information in disaster-affected areas, we
developed a system that allows the national government and local authorities to mutually share information and unify recognition of the damage situations, and that helps their decision-making in disaster responses.
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R&D of the damage estimation information utilization system based on information sharing among various organizations
R&D of the method to support decision-making based on damage estimation information
The district XX needs emergency measures!
SIP (4) information sharing system
Information sharing = Unified recognition of situations
Extraction of problems, function check, and effect measurement with demonstration test
Deliver 30% of the total goods to XX district!
Cooperative organizations ・Understanding of needs ・Demonstration test ・Function check etc.
System Method Experiment
Check effectiveness through demonstration test
人的被害推定
地震
被害全体を概観しながら、高精度な推定も行う
地震被害：地震動及び建物の周期特性を考慮
津波・豪雨
津波/豪雨浸水被害
建物被害推定
各府省庁や関係機関等で集約される被害状況に関する情報を取り入れ、推定情報の確定化、被害状況の把握
推定
推定の確定化
状況把握
リアルタイム被害推定 被害状況把握
全国を対象
モデル地域を対象
Real-time damage estimation and situation recognition system
• Response of local government
• Information about damage (confirmed by local government)
• Real-time damage estimation information
• Sharing of information from national government
• Information about damage (confirmed by national government), etc.
Information owned by local government (information about people in need of aids, etc.) + Damage estimation information Support decision-making for initial response
Decision-making support
• Real-time damage estimation information
• Various confirmed information about damages
Connectable to various hardware
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t Demonstration test for improvement of mission-critical system We conducted three demonstration tests (in which 13 local governments joined), and extracted
problems of the mission-critical system.
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● Kobayashi City, Miyazaki Prefecture (Earthquake) January 27, 2015 Test policy: We gave a role-playing type emergency drill for the occurrence of an earthquake. We only explained operations of the system for two hours and gave no detailed settings, such as a system application range, so that the community workers could “check the operation casually.” Result: We could extract problems based on the actual disaster response, such as information display at the time of earthquake.
● Nagareyama City, Chiba Prefecture (Earthquake) February 12, 2015 Test policy: Since all community workers were using the system for the first time, we explained how to operate it along the flow of disaster response, and they tried inputting data. Result: We found a problem with the system operation environment. We began to conduct quantitative arrangement concerning the agreeable operation environment.
● Nine cities and one town in Nishi-Mikawa District, Aichi Prefecture (Flood) February 20, 2015 Test policy: We invited 10 local governments, including nine cities and one town, from Nishi-Mikawa District, Aichi Prefecture, and MLIT (33 IDs), and let them input data within the system and experience mutual information sharing according to the scenario. Result: We confirmed an agreeable system operation environment. Each local government suggested many points to be improved upon concerning the system and information display, based on their experiences with the disaster responses. We will interview these nine cities and one town within this year.
SIP (7): Collaboration with Nagoya University
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t Promotion of R&D (Extraction of problems, function check, and effect measurement with demonstration test) We identified problems and evaluated effects of the system in
demonstration tests, and accordingly judged the effectiveness of the overall R&D items such as information sharing and unified situation recognition between the national government and local organizations, utilization of information about estimated and actual damage conditions, and system coordination.
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■Total SIP test: FY 2018 (fifth year) ・Testing total SIP
■Test of total real-time estimation: FY 2017 (fourth year) ・Testing as “real-time damage estimation/situation recognition technologies and system development”
■Test of individual functions: FY 2015–2016 (second–third years) ・Import of real-time damage estimation data ・Reflection of confirmed damage information ・Support function for decision-making, etc. Testing each module
■Base research: FY 2014 (first year) ・Check of current disaster prevention systems across the country ・Decision-making items to be supported, requested by local governments Understanding of needs and basic design
Design
Individual functions
Total real-time estim
ation
Total SIP
<<Demonstration test in FY 2014>>
■Iwate (August 30, 2014) Assuming the eruption of Mt. Iwate, we conducted an information cooperation training on the total emergency drill of Iwate Pref. in three surrounding cities/towns. *Out of the SIP target
■Kobayashi City, Miyazaki (January 27, 2015) We conducted a role-playing type training, assuming the occurrence of an earthquake.
■Nagareyama City, Chiba (February 12, 2015) We conducted a system operation presentation meeting, assuming the occurrence of an earthquake.
■Nine cities and one town in Nishi-Mikawa, Aichi (February 20, 2015) The 10 local governments including Aichi Pref. shared the map information.
Demonstration test in Nishi-Mikawa (February 20, 2015)
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