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David Yates, Girish Gulati, Anas Tawileh Explaining the Global Digital Divide: The Impact of Public Policy Initiatives on Digital Opportunity and ICT Development

Explaining the Digital Divide

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Page 1: Explaining the Digital Divide

David Yates, Girish Gulati, Anas Tawileh

Explaining the Global Digital Divide:

The Impact of Public Policy Initiatives on Digital Opportunity

and ICT Development

Page 2: Explaining the Digital Divide
Page 3: Explaining the Digital Divide
Page 4: Explaining the Digital Divide
Page 5: Explaining the Digital Divide

Do national policy initiatives to promote information and communication technologies (ICTs) increase a nation’s digital opportunity

Page 6: Explaining the Digital Divide

Do national policy initiatives to promote information and communication technologies (ICTs) increase a nation’s capacity for e-government

Page 7: Explaining the Digital Divide

Do public policy initiatives to advance information and communication technologies increase a nation’s ICT access and use

Page 8: Explaining the Digital Divide
Page 9: Explaining the Digital Divide

171Countries

Page 10: Explaining the Digital Divide
Page 11: Explaining the Digital Divide
Page 12: Explaining the Digital Divide
Page 13: Explaining the Digital Divide

PolicyVariables

National regulatory authority (NRA)

Competition for providing basic telecommunication services

Competition for providing mobile telecommunication services

Financial investment

Page 14: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that have a national telecommunications regulatory authority are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 15: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that have a national telecommunications regulatory authority are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 16: Explaining the Digital Divide

Dig

ital

Op

po

rtu

nit

y In

dex

Have an NRAHave no NRA

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Page 17: Explaining the Digital Divide

Have NRAAverage DOI = 0.41

S. Korea, Denmark, Iceland

Have no NRA

Average DOI = 0.36

Japan, Taiwan, Israel

Page 18: Explaining the Digital Divide

IDI I

CT

Acc

ess

& U

se

Have an NRAHave no NRA

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Page 19: Explaining the Digital Divide

Have NRAAverage DOI = 2.75

Luxembourg, Sweden,

Netherlands

Have no NRAAverage ICT A&U = 1.98

Japan, Taiwan, Israel

Page 20: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that have competition to provide telecommunication services are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 21: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that have competition to provide telecommunication services are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 22: Explaining the Digital Divide

Partial Competition

Monopoly

Full Competition

Dig

ital

Op

po

rtu

nit

y In

dex

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

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Full CompetitionAverage DOI = 0.48

S. Korea, Japan, Denmark

Monopoly

Average DOI = 0.29

Israel, Antigua, Jamaica

Page 24: Explaining the Digital Divide

Partial Competition

Monopoly

Full Competition

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Dig

ital

Op

po

rtu

nit

y In

dex

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Full CompetitionAverage DOI = 0.43

S. Korea, Japan, Iceland

Monopoly

Average DOI = 0.33

Bahamas, Brunei, Dominica

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Nations that competition to provide telecommunication services are the most likely to have more inclusive ICT access and use ”

Page 27: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that competition to provide telecommunication services are the most likely to have more inclusive ICT access and use ”

Page 28: Explaining the Digital Divide

Partial Competition

Monopoly

Full Competition

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

IDI I

CT

Acc

ess

& U

se

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Full CompetitionAverage DOI = 3.50

Luxembourg, Sweden,

Netherlands

MonopolyAverage ICT A&U = 1.44

Israel, Kuwait, Uruguay

Page 30: Explaining the Digital Divide

Partial Competition

Monopoly

Full Competition

IDI I

CT

Acc

ess

& U

se

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Page 31: Explaining the Digital Divide

Full CompetitionAverage DOI = 2.94

Luxembourg, Sweden,

Netherlands

MonopolyAverage ICT A&U = 1.65

Brunei, Kuwait, Costa Rica

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Nations that have competition to provide basic telecommunication services and (are the most likely to have increased e-government capacity

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Nations that have competition to provide basic telecommunication services and (are the most likely to have increased e-government capacity

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Web

Mea

sure

Ind

ex

Partial Competition

Monopoly

Full Competition

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

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Full CompetitionAverage DOI = 0.42

Sweden, USA & Norway

Monopoly

Average WMI= 0.23

Costa

Rica, Kuwait, Lebanon

Page 36: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that encourage financial investment in ICTs are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 37: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that encourage financial investment in ICTs are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 38: Explaining the Digital Divide

Financial Investment Index

Dig

ital

Op

po

rtu

nit

y In

dex

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Page 39: Explaining the Digital Divide

Top 1/3Average DOI = 0.53

S. Korea, Japan, Denmark

Bottom 1/3

Average DOI = 0.26

Taiwan, Bahamas, St. Kitts

Page 40: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that have a national telecommunications regulatory authority are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 41: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that have competition to provide telecommunication services are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 42: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that competition to provide telecommunication services are the most likely to have more inclusive ICT access and use ”

Page 43: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that have competition to provide basic telecommunication services and (are the most likely to have increased e-government capacity

Page 44: Explaining the Digital Divide

Nations that encourage financial investment in ICTs are the most likely to have increased digital opportunity

Page 45: Explaining the Digital Divide
Page 46: Explaining the Digital Divide