EutrophicationEutrophicationBotty DimanovBotty DimanovHristo DimitrovHristo Dimitrov

Yana StanevaYana StanevaBoris ZhikovBoris ZhikovSection 10/5Section 10/5

Eutrophication: DefinedEutrophication: Defined

EutrophicationEutrophication - enhancement of an - enhancement of an aquatic environment with extremely high aquatic environment with extremely high level of nutrientslevel of nutrients

Anthropogenic eutrophicationAnthropogenic eutrophication – – eutrophication, caused by human beingseutrophication, caused by human beings

[Campbell][Campbell]

http://www.macalester.edu/environmentalstudies/threerivers/studentprojects/ENVI_133_Spr_08/Phosphorus/eutrophication.gif

ConsequencesConsequences

Excess of nutrients => accelerates Excess of nutrients => accelerates growth of planktongrowth of plankton

Phytoplankton + Zooplankton => Phytoplankton + Zooplankton => Algal Bloom [“Eutrophication”]Algal Bloom [“Eutrophication”]

OO22 decreases + waste + no sunlight decreases + waste + no sunlight => intoxication of inhabitants => intoxication of inhabitants [Cloern][Cloern]

The Process ItselfThe Process Itself

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Scheme_eutrophication-en.svg/800px-Scheme_eutrophication-en.svg.png

Impact on peopleImpact on people

EconomicEconomic– Tourism income decreasesTourism income decreases– Fishing is abolished [Cloern]Fishing is abolished [Cloern]

HealthHealth– Damaged sea-food may cause illnessesDamaged sea-food may cause illnesses– Dangerous for humans due to toxic Dangerous for humans due to toxic

substances substances – May cause neurological disorders May cause neurological disorders

[Cloern][Cloern]

Impact on ecosystemsImpact on ecosystems

Decrease of species diversityDecrease of species diversity Emigration of aquatic speciesEmigration of aquatic species Toxic chemicals are produced Toxic chemicals are produced

[Cloern][Cloern] Combustion of fuels => N oxides Combustion of fuels => N oxides Fertilizers => NHFertilizers => NH33 WindWind

http://www.eoearth.org/images/1/12/Sea_of_Azov_eutrophication.jpg

Prevention of processPrevention of process

Fertilizers’ usageFertilizers’ usage

should be limitedshould be limited Decrease amounts of Decrease amounts of

Nitrogen in fertilizers [Cloern]Nitrogen in fertilizers [Cloern] Increase efficiency of N/P Increase efficiency of N/P

removersremovers Imply developed technologies Imply developed technologies

for ferilizers’ productionfor ferilizers’ production

[“Eutrophication”][“Eutrophication”] http://www.minnehahacreek.org/images/fertilizer_002.jpg

Prevention of outcomesPrevention of outcomes

Restoration of wetlands and buffer zonesRestoration of wetlands and buffer zones Reduction of density of coastal inhabitantsReduction of density of coastal inhabitants Reduction of Nitrogen emissions in other areas as Reduction of Nitrogen emissions in other areas as

wellwell Sewage treatmentSewage treatment

http://www.sawater.com.au/NR/rdonlyres/35604970-F730-44C8-960B-1E38AAACBE77/441/image003.gif

Example 1Example 1 Lake ErieLake Erie Borders Michigan, Ohio Borders Michigan, Ohio

and Canadaand Canada 1950s1950s Phosphorus based Phosphorus based

detergents from local detergents from local companiescompanies

1972- Great Lakes Water 1972- Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Quality Agreement [Wright][Wright]

http://www.wkyc.com/weblog/weather/uploaded_images/Lake-Erie-715951.jpg

Example 2Example 2 Baltic SeaBaltic Sea

– Input of nutrientInput of nutrient sewage treatment plants and sewage treatment plants and

industriesindustries atmospheric depositionatmospheric deposition agriculture [“FINAL…”]agriculture [“FINAL…”]

OutcomesOutcomes– Inability to see through Inability to see through

water [“Campbell”]water [“Campbell”]– Toxic algae Toxic algae

[“Eutrophication”][“Eutrophication”]– Large mats of algae Large mats of algae

washed ashore [“FINAL”]washed ashore [“FINAL”]

http://www.helcom.fi/environment2/nature/en_GB/nature/_files/79382152008761702/default/Baltic%20Sea_topo_small.jpg

Works CitedWorks Cited Campbell, Neil, and Jane Reece. Campbell, Neil, and Jane Reece. BiologyBiology. San Francisco: . San Francisco:

Pearson, 2008. Pearson, 2008. Cloern, James. "Eutrophicartion - Encyclopedia of Earth". Cloern, James. "Eutrophicartion - Encyclopedia of Earth".

Encyclopedia of Earth. June 9, 2010 Encyclopedia of Earth. June 9, 2010 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Eutrophication>.<http://www.eoearth.org/article/Eutrophication>.

"Eutrophication". Fubra Limited. June 10, 2010 "Eutrophication". Fubra Limited. June 10, 2010 <http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/eutrophication.html>. <http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/eutrophication.html>.

““FINAL Eutrophication”. Helsinki Commission. June 10, 2010.FINAL Eutrophication”. Helsinki Commission. June 10, 2010.<http://helcom.navigo.fi/stc/files/BSAP/FINAL<http://helcom.navigo.fi/stc/files/BSAP/FINAL%20Eutrophication.pdf>%20Eutrophication.pdf>

Wright, Ian. "Untitle Document". June 10, 2010 Wright, Ian. "Untitle Document". June 10, 2010 <http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/stuwork/rockwater/Eutrophicatio<http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/stuwork/rockwater/Eutrophication/examplespage.html>. n/examplespage.html>.