EU DG Climate Action Initiative Social, Ecological and Agricultural Resilience in the Face of Climate

Change SEARCH

COP19-Side Event, Warsaw, 14th November 2013

Muffleh Al Abbadi - IUCN

Win-win approaches Low Emission & Climate Resilient Development

What is IUCN ?International Union for Conservation of Nature

(IUCN)

2

• A unique democratic union of more than 1,000 members including national states, government agencies and NGOs

Who are we?

• We mobilize people and organizations,through our networks worldwide, to produce and use conservation knowledge for the benefit of people and nature

IUCN/ROWA

VISION

What we aim for the future► Is it just a world that values and conserves

nature

SEARCH is a three year regional project working in five countries to develop and pilot a resilience framework for local action planning capacities and methodologies to increase climate change resilience .

Countries/Partners : • Egypt, Beni Suef and Minia ,Jordan, Zarqa River Basin ,West

Bank/Gaza, Jenin, Morocco and Lebanon • Working with 14 Partners

SEARCH Project

04/12/20234

Establish National platform

National platform

Watershed and Climate platform

Identify Pilot watershed

Establish District platformIdentify pilot communitiesLearn togetherScale up in Watershed

Scale up in countryBring lessons to national scale

Consolidate lessons and. …

Regional platform (thematic

group)Identify countries

Regional

National

Sub-National

Community

Initiator/facilitator

Establish Local platforms

Case StudyMorocco and Jordan

Jordan

• Jordan is characterized by its semi-arid climate, high dependence on rainfall and scarcity of water resources

• Jordan is ranked among the poorest countries in the world in water availability 149 Cubic meters/year

• reduction in rainfall from 5-20% (previous decades )

• Predicted increase in temperature and decease in precipitation will increase water scarcity in Jordan.

• Environmental degradation costs Jordan more than 2 per cent of GDP a year.

• Jordan’s reliance on energy imports, coupled with its low energy efficiency.

Morocco • Morocco is among the countries that

are more likely threatened by climatic change.

• Precipitation, in Morocco, is low and highly variable from one season to another and within the cropping year.

• Increased of drought frequency• Reduction of the length of the growth

period of crops• Energy consumption 17.7 Million

toe ,Import 95.5 %.• National energy bill 10.1 billion $m

subsides 4.8 billion $, annual increase rate 5.3% .

• RE: 42% contribution to the electricity installed capacity by 2020: 14% Hydro – 14% Wind – 14% Solar

Energy Profile / Jordan

Constrains/Problems :• Lack of knowledge by energy users of the benefits of energy efficiency,• Lack of expertise to develop energy efficiency projects, • High initial implementation cost, • Lack of suitable financing mechanisms.(SNC,2009)Actions : • Master Strategy for the Energy Sector 2007 – 2020

– Renewable energy to account for 10 per cent of total energy supply (1,800 MW) compared to 3.5 per cent at present

– Energy savings of 20 per cent – The provision of solar water heating systems to 30 per cent of households

• These targets are supported by: – The Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Law no. 13, which creates framework for renewable

energy investment and the Jordan Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Fund – Tax incentives for renewable energy and energy efficiency – A range of energy efficiency initiatives such as replace incandescent bulbs in government buildings

and energy audits for certain firms .• Jordan maintains the Summertime all-year-around this saved around 7 Million/Yr $ from the energy

cost .

Pilot project in ZRB/Jordan and Wadi Kabeer Basin/Morocco

A Community-Based Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation Development

Zarqa River Basin :• The Zarqa River is the second largest river in Jordan.• Area 3567 KM2 • About 2.72 million people (2004) are living in the basin• 65 % from the Industrial activities concentrated in ZRBPilot project s :The overall aim of the project is to assess the climate change phenomena at SEARCH target communities by using a community-based approach in order to develop an initial climate change adaptation plan for each community that contribute on low-emission and economic benefits

Pilot Activities • Examine to what extent that the target community

members are familiar with the concept ‘climate change• Identify the public perception about climate change and

its impacts• Identify what are the most vulnerable community

sectors• Document adaptation measures to climate change at

each community• Propose an initial CC adaptation plan for each community

Indicator ZRB WKBSummer Temperature Increase Increase

Winter Temperature Fluctuations Decrease

Rainfall Decrease DecreaseNumber of Rainy Days Decrease Decrease

Dust Storms Fluctuations NAWinter Winds Fluctuations FluctuationsFrequency of Drought Years

Increase Increase

Frost Shifting NAFlood Increase in winter Increase in winter

Public perception about changes in climate indicators

Morocco- Tangier-Tetouan Region

• Severity of extreme weather events

Change in the regularity of seasons

Concentrated annual precipitations within short periods

More frequent outbreaks of extreme hot conditions

- drought- forest fire- Erosion &landslides- Destruction of houses- Reduction of dams’

capacity

• Very low adaptive capacity

isolation poverty illiteracy lack of access to basic

services and information weak relationships with

public institutions traditional adaptive

techniques rudimentary or already lost

Impacts Other causes of impacts

- Diminution of production

- Reduction of cultivated lands

- Destruction of houses

- Reduction of Dam’s capacities

- Techniques not adapted- Low

afforestation- Reduced

natural cover

- Clay Soil

Community Vision for 2020Morocco

1. The landscape as an agroforest system has been maintained while numerous forestry job opportunities and new green economic activities are created.

2. Pressure and conflicts on water and forest resources have been largely reduced. Ecosystems situated in the mountainous area of Jbel Bouhachem are strictly protected in the core zone of the attractive Natural Park of Bouhachem

Adaptation Strategies 1. Improving road infrastructure

avoiding negative impacts on the forest and integrating road development - water management

2. Diversifying sources of incomealong with regulatory measures, capacity building and awareness on the protection of natural resources

3. Implementing soil conservation structuresusing useful plants (aromatic and medicinal plants, forage), expanding the network of windbreaks and capacity building of local institutions

4. Promoting drying and storage of agricultural productsextending to fodder and forestry products to contribute to the diversification of local products while reducing the pressure on the forest

5. Harvesting rainwater for homes and public buildingsto be amplified by the establishment of collective systems of rainwater harvesting and setting up distribution network

6. Establishing an appropriate roof of rural housingadapted to climate risks and to architectural heritage through adequate regulation taking into account the benefits to gain energy and rainwater harvesting

Factor Waste water pipe River and flooding High voltage power linesWastewater in the riverBrick factories/factories Manholes overflow Septic tanks Burning wastesMiningDesertificationSewage water lifting treatment plantUnpaved roadsIneffective regulationGroundwater over pumpingIllegal waste dumping and LitteringRodents and insects

Factors increasing the climate change impact/Jordan

Indicator Jordan Use of electricity IncreaseSolar energy /solar water heater system

Rare

Agricultural activities DecreaseUse of filtered water IncreaseGreening areas surrounding the river

Decrease

General water use IncreaseVisiting medical clinics

Increase

Procedures used to reduce pollutionimpact

Increase

Control of insects and rodents

Increase

Behavioral changes due to climate change

Jordan

Existing adaptation measures and proposed Adaptation Measure

Planting more adaptive, local plantsPlanting seeds directly in soilVarying growing timesSeed production at the farm levelShading and sheltering/tree plantingDrip irrigation systemWindbreaksCrop rotationChanging from farming to non-farming activitiesWater resources management/Increased use of water conservation techniques

Decrease of the cultivated areaMoving to crops with short life cyclesMoving from farming to other business Changing to tractor ploughingUse of animal manureIncreased use of chemicalsIncreased family labourFarm gate marketingGreywaterreuseHome gardeningHouse design modifications Waste recycling Use of yeast wastewaterHome food storage

Sector Adaptation Measures Agriculture • Rehabilitate the springs

• Protect the river banks by growing suitable trees • Cultivation of crops suited to changing

environmental conditions (spinach, arugula, radishes, parsley, coriander, berries, beans, garlic, onion, mint, cabbage, cauliflower)

• Employ the organic farming principles Use of crop rotation

• Water-saving irrigation systems (drip/spray)• Agricultural extension and development of the

agricultural calendar (planting dates, marketing, and activities)

Water • Reduce groundwater over pumping • Reduce pollution in water and on farms due to the

river pollution• Linking homes (not connected) with the sanitation

network to prevent contamination of groundwater• Coordination with the Water Authority to reduce

over-pumping• Raising awareness and providing guidance in the

use and rationing of water consumptionEnvironment • Use of solar panels for water heating

• Reduction of pollution due to transport line, river pollution, and wastes.

• Linking homes (not connected) to the sanitation network to prevent contamination in the area

• Paving streets and solar-powered street lighting• Cultivation of forest trees along streets and the canal

Pilot InterventionsThree Communities in Jordan

Problems :Areas : Ruessifah and Karbat AL Hadid The local community depends on the ground water and its quality for food, health and business activity.Problem links to climate change :Degradation of the ground water and high energy use , that reflected on water shortage and increase life cost , this due to the unwisely use of ground water and energy .

Intervention :Community Organization for better Natural Resources and Energy Management.Aim of the project : Increase water use efficiency at farm level and improve the friendly environmentally practices, which will reflect positively on food security, improvement of the livelihoods and environment situations in the area and low–emissionTargeted Groups :Three communities in ZRB

Actions and results Impacts of the Interventions on livelihoods situation and low-emission

The Activities of the project :– Established project implementation committee (local and

Sub-national )– Studied the efficiency of use of water and energy

consumption (Energy use in irrigation 40% ) .– Awareness sessions were conducted with purpose to raise

the knowledge of the local community on the efficient use of irrigation and energy.

– 50 solar water heating systems were established.– Replaced the bulbs by more efficient bulbs – Converted the surface water irrigation into drip irrigation in

the two areas .– Train the beneficiaries on the maintenance of the solar

water heating systems and irrigation systems

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Electric Consumption Comparison Over Three Months

Total Consumption for March-May 2012Total Consumption for March-May 2013

Family Number

Elec

tric

Cons

umpti

on (k

wh)

-53 bottles/month

Total Reduction of Natural Gas Bottles over One-Month Comparison Period

Total Across 31 Families

Num

ber o

f Bott

les

SWHS : Livelihood level – More safety than using the gas and electricity for water

heating – Provided permanent hot water for all the house facilities

(Chicken , Baths , wishing sinks ) with good efficiency .– Low maintenance cost– Decease the monthly energy bill with average of 25 $.

Result of the Interventions

Low –emission level (mitigation)• Increase the energy efficient use, and

decrease the burden of energy capacity at house level .

• The direct contribution on CO2 emission is 63.65 tons reduction of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere annually.

• In direct contribution on CO 2 emission is 127.3 Tons reduction ( 100 systems were installed by the communities themselves after they saw the results ).

Total is 190.95 Tons of CO2

Water Irrigation System

• All surface irrigation systems were converted to drip irrigation systems.

• 50 % reduced in labor costs • Saved 40% in water pumping cost • Pumping water with less time (low-

emission , pressure on energy ,cost )• Energy cost decreased by 60 $• Agricultural areas increased by 30 %• More agricultural productivity

increased by 20 %.

Conclusions

• Participatory Approach is Crucial for CBA- The most sustainable adaptation measures are the once that reflect positively on the improvement of the livelihoods situation.- Involvement of the local community in climate V&A and adaptation development is very crucial for the identification of priority adaptations at local level and Provides information flow and simplify the climate change assessment .

• Mobilize Financial Resources and National & Sub-national Authorities- Involvement of national and sub-national authorities along with local level is very important for capacity building ,trust building , improve the coordination between the ministries at national level as well as improve the development plans and policy influencing and framing - Involvement of the private sectors can help in providing new investment opportunities such as HSBC Bank.

The way towards a closer dialogue

• Seeking Always for Synergy in Climate Action

- The win-win situation between low CO2 emission and energy low cost is very effective factor for the sustainability of any adaptation measure.

- Low carbon emission is not the priority of the local community but when it links with life cost saving and national planning it becomes a priority .

• EU DG Climate Action Committed to Support the Move towards a closer dialogue31/10/13

Thank You

Still there is a need to develop Participatory Climate Change Planning Approach with

Specific Tools to ensure real participation of all relevant Stakeholders including local community

combining Adaptation ,Mitigation and Development !!!!!!

Awareness –Planning –Projects