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Ethanol Basics
Wisconsin Clean Cities
• Basic properties
• Blends
• Production
• Distribution
• Benefits
• Uses: Vehicles & Fueling Options
• Resources
Wisconsin Clean Cities 2
Overview
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Basic Properties of Ethanol
• Renewable fuel produced from plant materials (biomass)
• Comes from starchy feedstocks (corn, sugar cane, sugar beets) and cellulosic feedstocks (yard waste, grasses, poplars)
• High-octane fuel
• Blended at low levels into 80% of gasoline sold in the United States
• E10: Most common blend in U.S.
• E15: EPA approved for use in MY2001 and newer vehicles
• E85: Alternative fuel under Energy Policy Act of 1992; Used in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs)
Wisconsin Clean Cities 4
Ethanol Blends
• Intermediate Blends (E20, E30, E50, etc.)
• Blender Pumps
– Mix E10 with E85 for intermediate blends
– Provide flexibility for future changes in regulations
– Allow for choice, based on prices and performance
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Blends Continued
• Ethanol from Starch and Sugar
• Ethanol from sugar beets and sugar cane most common in Brazil
• Corn ethanol most common in U.S.
– Dry milling
– Wet milling
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Ethanol Production
• Cellulosic Ethanol
• Uses woody, structural parts of plants
• Crop residues, small trees, grasses
• Research under way to improve cost and efficiency
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Production Continued
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Ethanol Distribution
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Benefits of Ethanol
• Energy Security
– 1/2 of U.S. petroleum imported
– 1 unit of corn ethanol = 0.78 units of fossil energy
• Public Health and Environment
– Reduces GHGs by 19% to 52% (corn) and 75% (cellulosic)
– Reduces NOx, CO, benzene, and other harmful emissions
• Existing Infrastructure
– Modifications required
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Ethanol Uses: Vehicles
• Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFVs)
• Qualify as alternative fuel vehicles under the Energy Policy Act of 1992
• Operate on gasoline, E85, and lower-level blends
• Comparable acceleration, payload, speed
• Single fueling system
• Lower fuel economy on ethanol
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Ethanol Uses: Fueling Options
• Existing E85 Stations
• Converting Existing Equipment to E85
• Installing New E85 Equipment
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Ethanol Resources
• Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/ethanol.html
• Clean Cities http://www1.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/
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Wisconsin Clean Cities
(414) 221-####
Wisconsin Clean Cities 13
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