Energy Solutions in Kuwait

Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD

ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT:

A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE

Department of Building and Energy Technologies

Environment and Urban Development Division

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

Fifteenth Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, Orlando, FL, July 24-26,

2006

Due to heavy use of air conditioning, reliance on desalination for water, and highly subsidized electricity prices, Kuwait's per capita electricity consumption is amongst the highest in the world.

ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

In Kuwait, nearly 300-350 MW power is added every year only to satisfy the growing demand of the

A/C systems


Kuwait

• Seven months of summer

• Temperatures over 50 C.

• “Air-conditioning of buildings is the single largest consumer of electricity and accounts for nearly 75% of nation’s peak power demand and over 50% of annual energy consumption. “


• MEW is spending nearly 80 million Kuwaiti Dinars at 400 KD/kW every year to add additional power generation and distribution.

• The amount spent annually on fuel to generate electricity for the operation of the A/C systems is well over 90 million KD (MEW, 2002).




• Power demand is expected to continue increasing at 7-9 percent a year, necessitating construction of new generating capacity.

• According to government estimates, roughly $3.6 billion in further investment is needed by 2010.

<http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_Kuwait

http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_Kuwait

September 14, 2009

GE Energy announced that the Kuwait Ministry of Electricity and Water signed a $2.65 billion

USD contract for a new power plant

Kuwait’s robust business and residential growth has strained the country’s power generation capability, resulting in power outages during

the hot summer months.

http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20090914093137



From the Energy Information Administration:

Kuwait seeks to significantly increase its use of natural gas in electricity generation, water desalination, and petrochemicals to free up as much as 100,000 barrels per day of oil for export.

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Kuwait/Full.html


Kuwait Consumption & Imports

In 2006, an annual basis - natural gas consumption matches production.

Kuwait’s electricity demand, has outpaced natural gas production during the summer months.

Result is the shutdown of refinery and petrochemical operations to meet the increased demand in electricity.



By 2014 regional energy demand is forecasted to have a 25.1% growth over

the period since 2009.

Kuwait's thermal power generation is forecast to rise 70.2% between 2009 and 2019 by Mike Kinghttp://www.pr-inside.com/kuwait-s-thermal-power-generation-is-r1724985.htm

• Reduce Electrical Demand

• Increase Energy Exports

• Reduce Energy Imports

• Provide More Reliability

• Provide a Better Environment

GOALS

Our world is changing…

we need to change with it.

Our Designs, our Products, our Processes

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Heat Island

Study

Heat Island (Atlanta)

Less Vegetation more black asphalt

(roofs & parking lots)

Heat Island…5-7 degrees warmer

Los Angeles Heat Island

• With increasing irrigation & orchards, LA cooled 5ºF until the 1930’s

• As orchards gave way to hot roofs & pavements, LA warmed 6 ºF to 1980

Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Heat Island

Study

One degree increase in air temperature raises energy demand by two percent …and

raises smog by three percent

36% of total energy use

65% of electricity consumption

30% of greenhouse gas emissions

30% of raw materials use

30% of waste output/136 million tons annually

12% of potable water consumption

data from USGBC Website

Buildings account for…

Heat Transfer

Where there is a temperature difference between objects in proximity, heat transfer between them can never be stopped; it can

only be slowed down.

SOLAR RADIATION

Infrared (thermal) heat rays travel…

•With the greatest intensity perpendicular to the surface.

•With the least intensity parallel with the receiving surface (zero intensity).

SOLAR RADIATIONSOLAR RADIATION

• A 7 story building is exposed to more radiation on the walls than on the roof.

• A single story building receives 70% of it’s solar radiation on the roof.

Radiation Exposure

SOLAR RADIATION

Environmental Factors

Cannot be manipulated:

• Ambient air temperature

• Solar radiation

• Wind

Building Material Factors

Can be manipulated:

• Material resistivity (r-value)

• Surface Solar reflectivity

• Surface Solar absorptivity

• Surface Thermal radiation emissivity

Heat Transfer and Buildings

The best way to reduce heat transfer:

Prevent it from entering the building.

The best way to manage heat transfer:

Re-emit it quickly.

Solutions That Require Large Scale Investments

• Calls for…

taking the necessary procedures to preserve environment & natural resources, & the optimal use of it to achieve sustainable development.

…and take action to limit the impact of climate change & its repercussions on Arab societies.

Kuwait Declaration

http://www.da.gov.kw/eng/articles/arab_economic_summit_2009_speeches.php?p=summit_declaration





History• In 1995, the Kuwait Environment Public Authority (EPA) was created.

• With the help of the ESCWA (the Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) in 2005 set forth an environmental strategy with three types of objectives:

the reduction of the rate of pollution;

introduction of the environmental dimension in policies, plans and national programs;

the protection of the national resources and the biodiversity in the context of sustainable development. (LEED)

“The adoption of such strategies can hardly be considered as a luxury in all Gulf countries; in which environmental problems are somewhat similar”.

http://www.escwa.un.org/divisions/pptcdadvisors.asp?id=12

QuestionsCan Kuwait avoid the need to build new power plants?

Can economic competitiveness be increased?

Can health conditions be improved ?

Can building maintenance and operation costs be decreased?

Can green house gas emissions be reduced?

HOW?

A Radiant Heat Barrier…

Reduces surface temperatures by as much as 20˚ C

Reflects at least 70% of radiant heat

Limits radiant heat absorption between 15% and 20%

Emissivity level of 90% quickly reducing heat transfer

Reduces energy consumption by as much as 40%

Florida Power & Light Company

Reflective roof surfaces

$0.45 per square foot of reflective roof

When the retrofit application reflects at least 73% of the sun’s heat.

San Antonio, TX

• CPS Energy

• The Largest Municipally Owned Energy Company in the Nation

• (Provides Both Gas and Electricity)

Residential Cool Roof Rebate$0.20 per square foot.

Must be ENERGY STAR® cool roof products.

$0.10 per Sq. Ft. for Commercial Roofs

• Rated reflectivity must be measured by test method ASTM E424-71, ASTM E903-96

• Must have a minimum reflectivity of 75%.

California

Low - Sloped Roofs: $.20 per sq ft

Steep-sloped: $.10 - $.20 per sq ft.

The USA Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005

• Commercial buildings are eligible for tax deductions up to $1.80 USD per square foot.

• Many buildings are eligible for improvements completed within the normal course of business.

• For municipal buildings, benefits are passed through to the primary designers/architects in an attempt to encourage innovative municipal design.

Hashem Akbari Heat Island GroupLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

• Cool roof standards are designed to reduce a/c demand, save money, and save emissions.

• In Los Angeles they will eventually save $100,000 per hour.

• Each 25m2 of cool roof offsets 1 ton of CO2

REDUCE PEAK DEMAND

A reflective roof can reduce peak cooling demand by 10-15%.

Power Grid Benefits with“Cool Roofs”

Utility Grid/Operator Benefits Reduced need for infrastructure spending

Generation

Transmission

Local Distribution

Mitigation of System Peaks

Reduced Spending will lower rates over long term

Department of Energy

DOE “Cool Roof” Calculator shows substantial savings in Puerto Rico.

DOE…PR Solar reflectance

Net Savings

• Since 2005 California has required most flat-roofed buildings to be white.

• 75% of Wal-Mart stores in the US have installed “cool roofs”.

• Washington, D.C. will require new flat roofs on commercial buildings to be covered in vegetation or a reflective material.

Hashem Akbari

"It buys us precious time" to figure out ways to limit greenhouse-gas emissions or remove the gases from the atmosphere. “

"It basically buys us time until we come up to our senses."

1998 US established theCool Roof Rating Council

First products rated in 2003.

2009 EU established its Cool Roof Rating Council

Cool “white” roofs are not new, used for thousands of

years (e.g. Greece,

Santorini)

“Cool Roofing”…Why?

• Environmental Benefits

• Economic Benefits

• Health & Community Benefits

Environmental benefits:

Enhance and protect ecosystems and biodiversity

Reduce waste - Nothing added to landfills

Conserve natural resources

Sustainable…extends life of roof

• Renewable every 10 years

Economic benefits:

• Reduce operating costs

• Enhance asset value and profits

• Improve employee productivity, safety and

satisfaction

• Optimize life-cycle economic performance

Health and community benefits:

• Improve air, thermal and acoustic

environments

• Minimize strain on local infrastructure

• Mitigate Heat Island Effect

• Lower roof top and building temperatures• Less heat transfer

• Increased occupant comfort

• Reduced AC load• Lower building occupant’s electricity bills

» Up to 40% reduction in cooling costs

• Reduce peak electricity demand (avoid black-outs)

• LBNL estimates Worldwide energy savings of $27 billion (2008)

Health and community benefits:

“Cool Roof”

Cost vs. Benefits

Good design, but is it

economically feasible?

Economics

Astec Roof Coatings:

• No need to tear off old roof.

• No need to raise equipment on roof.• No Facility Downtime

• Makes most roofs better than original.

Economics

Astec Roof Coatings:

• Reduced Air-Conditioning Demand• Equipment lasts longer

• Sustainable, Renewable…lower life-cycle cost.

• Substantial savings over other conventional roofing systems... Up to 50% savings

Cool Roofing Energy Savings

“Cool” roof systems will eventually pay for themselves and continue to pay a

premium.

Energy Savings Demonstrated


Cool Roof Coating Case Study:

Paulding County, GA

Thermostats Controlled at District Office

Both Facilities 90,000 SQ.FT.


Cool Roof Coating Results

1st Year Savings

$8,054 USD

Total Electricity Reduction 13 %

Projected 35 Year Savings

$282,000 USD


Cool Roof Coating Demonstrated Savings

• Evaporative cooling system was undersized

• Store was well over 85°F on some afternoons

• Instead of adding cooling capacity - installed a cool coating


Initial solar reflectivity of 31%, after coating 74%

Initial max temperature 170°F, after coating 120°F

Used 10% less cooling energy

Always 85°F or less in store

Optimal comfort (below 79 F and 60% relative humidity) for 10 more shopping hours a week


Cool Roof Coating Demonstrated Savings

Savings of

$500,000 USD over Replacement

Savings of an

Est. $600,000 over Replacement

Savings of

$1.5 Million USD

over Replacement

Cool Roofs = Good EconomicsCool Roofs = Good Economics

REDUCES

TEMPERATURES

“…almost immediately the room temperature inside was cooled by 19° F.”

-Donald E., Yakima Ice Arena

FOR

COLD STORAGE

COLD STORAGE & WAREHOUSING

“Our engineering department reported

that the plant is consuming less energy …”

-Vice President, Rainier Cold Storage & Ice

Airport Hanger:

The concrete pad in front of the hanger: 107 ̊ F / 42 ̊ C

The underside of the roof of an adjoining hanger:164 ̊ F / 73 ̊ C

The temperature on the underside of the Astec roof:98 ̊ F / 37 ̊ C

Galveston, Texas• Prior

• Ambient: 95 ̊ F / 35 ̊ C

• Inside: 119 ̊ F / 48 ̊ C

• Surface 173 ̊ F / 78 ̊ C

• 2 hours after

• Ambient: 95 ̊ F / 35 ̊ C

• Inside: 97 ̊ F / 36 ̊ C

• Surface 104 ̊ F / 40 ̊ C

“In the past, we have struggled to maintain minus 12° F / -11° C … Since the application, we have been able to maintain minus 15° F / -9° C or less.”

-Plant Superintendent, Land-O-Sun Dairies

الحماية الحرارية

Thermal Protection

درع شمسي

Solar Shield

Cool Roofing improves insulation performance

• “The thermal resistance of insulation installed immediately below a black membrane has been found to be up to 30% lower than advertised, when measured at peak summertime temperatures in Austin, Texas.”

-Konopacki and Akbari

Provide durable / flexible surfaces

Protect from Ultra-violet degradation

Eliminates/minimizes roof tear-off

Sustainable, Renewable, lower life-cycle cost

Fluid Applied Cool Roof Systems

Some Benefits of the Astec Re-Ply and Ceramic Coating Systems:

Save on annual electricity bills by reducing summer air conditioning costs.

Save peak electricity demand.

Reduce roof maintenance and replacement expenses by extending roof life.

Increase indoor comfort in summer by reflecting heat from the roof surface.

Benefits of the Astec Re-Ply and Ceramic Coating Systems:

Reduce the heat island effect in cities and suburbs.

Reduce air pollution and smog formation.

Reduce waste added to landfills.

Help builders and building managers meet Energy Efficiency Building Standards such as Perl, LEED, etc.

INSULATING

COATINGSCORPORATION

On Roofs for over 50 years

History

• Early 60’s Roof Painting Contractor…FL.

• Manufacturing…South Florida

• Ceramic Coating Technology…late 70’s

(started the Ceramic Coating Industry)

• Astec Products started in 1986

Important Affiliations

Important Affiliations

ASTEC PRODUCTS

KNOWLEDGE & INNOVATION

ASTEC PRODUCTS

KNOWLEDGE &

INNOVATION

ASTEC PRODUCTS

KNOWLEDGE & INNOVATION

ASTEC PRODUCTS

• Tom Ennis

• Advanced Formulations

• Advanced Technology

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1.3 million square feet currently under contract & 3 million total in Lolita, TX.

استقرار في كافة الظروف المناخية

All Climate Stability

ON THE

OCEAN FRONT

IN THE DESERT

ICC’s Technical Dept.

• Application specs are the most stringent in the industry

• The best 100% acrylic available.

• Field inspections

Insulating Coatings Corporation

All fluid applied products are manufactured by us…no outside

sources

Paint: An aqueous liquid continuous film applied at film thickness' of less than 10 wet mls.

Coating: An aqueous liquid continuous membrane applied at film thickness’ greater than 40 wet mls.

What is the difference between a paint and a coating?

Remain Flexible

Resist standing Water

Excellent Adhesion to a variety of substrates

Resist UV exposure

Applied at greater film thickness for increased flexibility

Resistance to Foot Traffic…tensile strength

Higher Reflectivity and increased emissivity

Benefits of Acrylic Roof Membrane

vs. Paint

An aqueous liquid suspension, applied to roofing

substrates, which dries to a seamless, resilient,

durable membrane which is flexible across a

broad temperature range.

Definition of an Advanced Roof Coating

What is the difference in coatings?

White coatings have good solar reflectance, but…..

Chalks, talc and clay can be added to make the coating white and increase solid content.

They have a higher rate of erosion over advanced roof coatings using titanium and ceramics.

Ceramics dramatically reduce erosion.

Premium resins are superior for adhesion, flexibility and durability.

Binder

Volume Solids

PVC

So what makes a quality Roof Coating?

Volume Solids (VS)

High Quality Coating

Pigments

Resin60% or Greater

Lower Quality Coating

Pigments

Resin less than 50%

Testing - ASTM

Earned credibility in the field

ISO

How to insure you are getting quality products?

Fluid-Applied Membranes

QUALITY

is the only way to go!

Cheap coatings lead to continued roof problems.

Insulating Coatings Corporation

ASTEC Authorized Applicators insure that the applications are done to ASTEC

Specifications.

Burgan One

General Trading & Contracting

BG1

• Established 1992

• Working in the oil industry with KOC for 16 years

• Working with the US Army for 7 years

APPLICATIONS

ROOFING

Restore or Replace?

Big savings over replacement:

Avoid Costly Tear-Off

Eliminate Facility Downtime

Cool Roof Energy Savings

Sustainable

Helps the Planet

Metal Roofs

TREAT & PREVENT CORROSION

New Orleans Conv. Center

Concrete Roofs

Concrete Roof Before

Other Substrates

ASBESTOS / TRANSITE

ASPHALT / EPDM

• Polyurethane Foam

• Hypalon

• PVC

• Stucco

• Vinyl

• Thermoplastic

Other Substrates

Other Applications

CelgeneCellular Therapeutics

Steel Tank Used For: Egg Product Storage

Stabilized Temperatures &

Lowered Energy Costs

Self Storage Facility

Environmental Furnace

US Navy Mobile Facility

Air Ducts

• Continental Airline

• Disney

• American Airlines

• Campbell’s

Duct Work

AC and Air Handlers

Swamp Coolers

Vehicles

MILITARY

APPLICATIONS

• In the United States:

• China Lake, California

• Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada

• Fort Dix, New Jersey

• Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland

US Naval Observatory

United States Air Force

“… After the application of the coating, the average peak temperature in the warehouse area dropped to 86° F, a decrease of 17° F. “

- James A., Capt. USAF Chief RSD of Civil Engineering

Before

After

United States ArmyUnited States Army

“… a 64° F reduction in roof surface temperature, a 23° F reduction in attic temperature and a 10° F reduction in room temperature as a result of the insulative and reflective value of the coating.”

- Benjamin S., Col, Dept. of the Army

Camp Robinson, North Little Rock, AR

Army Reserve

US Army in Kuwait

• Camp Arifjan

• Tent Project

• Thermal Protection

UN-Treated TentTemperature Reading taken on AUG. 6TH,2008

96.4 ̊F AVG

Treated TentTemperature Reading taken on AUG. 6TH,2008

85.6 ̊F AVG

• Un-treated Tent includes a Sun shade on Top

• Un-treated Tent Contains 3 split Units

• Treated Tent includes No Sun shade on Top

• Treated Tent Contains 2 split Units

• Un-treated tent • Removed the third air conditioner

• Same air conditioning units in both tents.

• Treated tent used 26% less energy.

Further Tests….

Water Tanks

“I avoided taking a shower during the noon time, but after you have coated my water tank with Astec, there is no issue with hot water in my house any more, at any time of the day". – Recent Customer in Kuwait

“Astec is amazing, after 4 years the finish on the tanks still look great”

-President, Studer Fertilizer

ON

WALLS

Port of PensacolaPensacola, Florida

Port of PensacolaPensacola, Florida

Public Housing Authority

Public Housing Authority

Senior Public Housing Authority

Senior Public Housing Authority

New Construction

New Construction

New Construction

EXTEND YOUR FACILITY

&

YOUR EQUIPMENT’S

LIFE-CYCLE

SOLVE YOUR

HEAT & WATER

RELATED PROBLEMS

Renewable & Sustainable

Extend the system after 10 years with a recoat.

Only a fraction (40 -70%) of the original cost.

“We can extend the life of existing roofing for a fraction of the cost of conventional roof replacement.” - Benjamin S., Col, Dept. of the Army

Astec Benefits

Radiant Heat Barrier

Reduces Surface Temperatures

Provides more stable internal temperatures

Lower energy costs

Astec Benefits

Sustainable / Renewable Systems

Environmentally friendly

Low VOCs (volatile organic chemicals)

Eliminate tear-offs and landfill usage

Reduce capital expenditures

Astec Benefits

Resists UV Exposure & Thermal Shock

A/C equipment lasts longer

Requires less maintenance

Less surface degradation

For Further Information Please Contact:

Saad Al-YaseenBurgan One General Trading and ContractingTel: +965 22409685 or Tel: +965 22409686Fax: +965 22409551PO Box 29770 Code: 13158 Safat – Kuwaitsaadalyaseen@burganone.comwww.whyreplace.comwww.icc-astec.com

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.whyreplace.com/

http://www.icc-astec.com/



References• http://www.escwa.un.org

• http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Kuwait/Full.html

• Energy Information Administration (Content source); Langdon D. Clough (Topic Editor). 2008. "Energy profile of Kuwait." In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth June 28, 2007; Last revised September 2, 2008; Retrieved February 15, 2010].

• http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_Kuwait

• http://www.da.gov.kw/eng/articles/arab_economic_summit_2009_speeches.php?p=summit_declaration

http://www.escwa.un.org/


http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_Kuwait





References• ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL

PERSPECTIVE ; Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

• http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20090914093137

• http://www.goodplanet.org/en/

• Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy

• Kuwait's thermal power generation is forecast to rise 70.2% between 2009 and 2019 by Mike King,http://www.pr-inside.com/kuwait-s-thermal-power-generation-is-r1724985.htm



http://www.goodplanet.org/en/

http://www.goodplanet.org/en/

http://www.pr-inside.com/kuwait-s-thermal-power-generation-is-r1724985.htm















