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Presented by Angaw Tsige (EIAR) at the N2Africa Ethiopia Launch Workshop, Addis Ababa, 27-28 February 2014
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በሀዋሳ ዩኒቨርሰቲ የም ርም ርና ልማት ዳይሬክቶሬት ከN 2 Africa ፕሮጀክት
ጋር በመተባበር ያ ዘጋጀ የ አርሶ አደሮች የመስክ በዓል 23 ጥቅምት 2006 ዓ.ም.
HAWASSA UNIVERSITY – RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
DIRECTORATE in collaboration with N2 Africa project
Farmers’ field day
Boricha፣ yirba
02 November, 2013
EIAR progress report on N2Africa
bridging year in Ethiopia (2013)
Putting nitrogen fixation to work for smallholder farmers in Africa
Angaw Tsige
EIAR
N2Africa Ethiopia Launch Workshop
27-28 February 2014
BNF study in Ethiopia in 1980s.
The study had no sustainable support and research plan until
late 1990s
1. Introduction
Most institutions have been started to demonstrate very fruitful
results and been able to create demands for their product;
few strains
one multiplication center
Few expertise
However, there was all round challenges and limitations
Project area N2Africa – Ethiopia (EIAR)
Debre Zeite ARC
Chefe Donsa and Adaa districts, East Shewa, Oromia Regional State
Melkasa ARC
Shalla district, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State
Pawe ARC
Mandura district, of Benshangul Gumuz Regional State
Test crops for the project
Crop Types Land area
(ha)
Yield
(t/ha)
Potential
yield (t/ha) Sources
Faba bean 459,183 1.5 5.0 CSA, 2010
Common bean 237,366 1.4 3.0 CSA, 2010
Chick pea 208,388 1.5 3.0 CSA, 2010
Field pea 203,991 1.3 CSA, 2010
Lentil 73,341 1.0 CSA, 2010
Vetch 131,043 1.5 CSA, 2010
Soybean 11,261 1.4 4.0 CSA, 2010
Table 1: Area under cultivation, average yields and potential yields in
Ethiopia (2010)
Baby Trial = legume varieties vs inorganic P fertilizer vs inoculant
‘Input trial’ = a legume variety vs inorganic P fertilizer vs
inoculant
‘Variety trial’ = legume varieties vs inorganic P fertilizer and
inoculant
3. Project bridging activities run during 2013/2014
cropping season
1 Melkasa Common
Bean
Awash 1 - -
2 Nasir - -
3 Awash 1 25 kg /ha DAP +
4 Nasir 25 kg /ha DAP +
No. Responsible
Center
Crop types Variety Fertilizer Inoculant
1 Debre Zeit Chickpea Yelbe - -
2 Natoli - -
3 Yelbe 25 kg /ha DAP +
4 Natoli 25 kg /ha DAP +
1 Pawe Common
Bean
Awash 1 - -
2 Nasir - -
3 Awash 1 25 kg /ha DAP +
4 Nasir 25 kg /ha DAP +
25 kg ha DAP 4.5 N
11.5 P2O5
Inoculant = CP 41
Inoculant = HB EAL429
Responsible
Center
Crop
types Sites * Site Code Plot Size Spacing
Debre Zeit Chickpea Chefe Donsa Eth-CD01 10m x 10m 30cm x 10cm
Udee 10m x 10m 30cm x 10cm
Melkasa Common
Bean
Lencha
leman
Eth-LL01 10m x 10m 30cm x 10cm
Awara
Gama
Eth-AG02 10m x 10m 30cm x 10cm
Fande Ejersa Eth-FE03 10m x 10m 30cm x 10cm
Pawe Common
Bean
Jigda Eth-M01 10m x 10m 30cm x 10cm
Dehoanzibag
una
Eth-M02 10m x 10m 30cm x 10cm
Edida Eth-M02 10m x 10m 30cm x 10cm
* conducted on 15 farmers’ fields, 5 farmers per Kebele
1 Melkasa Common
Bean
Nasir - -
2 Nasir 25 kg /ha DAP -
3 Nasir - +
4 Nasir 25 kg /ha DAP +
No. Responsible
Center
Crop types Variety Fertilizer Inoculant
1 Debre Zeit Chickpea Natoli - -
2 Natoli 25 kg /ha DAP -
3 Natoli - +
4 Natoli 25 kg /ha DAP +
1 Pawe Common
Bean
Nasir - -
2 Nasir 25 kg/ha DAP -
3 Nasir - +
4 Nasir 25 kg /ha DAP +
25 kg ha DAP 4.5 N
11.5 P2O5
Inoculant = CP 41
Inoculant = HB EAL 429
Responsible
Center
Crop/
Variety
District,
FTC Site Code Plot Size Soils
Debre Zeit Chickpea/
Arerti
Adaa/ Udee,
East Shewa
Eth-A 3m x 4m Vertisols
Melkasa Common
Bean/
Nasir
Shala, West
Arsi zone
Eth-Sh 3m x 4m Andosols
Pawe Common
Bean/
Nasir
Mandura,
BGR
Eth-M 3m x 4m Nitisols
Shalla district Mandura district Varieties used
ECAB0081 Argene ECAB0081
GLP2 Awash Dume GLP2
ECAB0056 Awash Melka ECAB0056
Nassir Awash-1 Nassir
Awash1 Dimtu Awash1
Deme Dinkinesh Deme
Dinkinesh IBADO Dinkinesh
Dimitu Nassir Dimitu
A/Melka Sari A/Melka
Argene
Awash Dume
IBADO
Sari
Common bean Varieties
Project achievements
Results
Other project activities undertaken in 2013
Results
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
BMY (t/ha) Wihout inoculant BMY (t/ha) With inoculant
Figure 1. Effect of DAP and inoculants on Biomass yield of
Chickpea (Arerti) on farmers field ‘Baby Trial’ Chefe Donsa
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
Po P1 Po P1 Po P1 Po P1 Po P1 Po P1
AbebechDesse
MesfinAlemayehu
DagneTesema
DagneTesema
GemechuSagn
Teshome
GY (T/ha) Wihoutinoculant
GY (T/ha) Withinoculant
Figure 2. Effect of DAP and inoculants on Grain yield of Chickpea
(Arerti) on farmers field ‘Baby Trial’ Chefe Donsa
‘Baby Trial’ Shalla
Yield Response of two common beanvarieties to fertilizer and inoculant across kebele
Fande Ejersa Awara Gama Lencha leman
Gra
in Y
ield
of c
omm
on b
ean
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Awsh1
Awsh1+DAP+Inoculant
Nassir
Nassir+DAP+Inoculant
Figure 3. Response of two common bean to DAP and inoculants
across farmers field at different kebeles
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500 Fande Ejersa Awara Gama Lencha lemanG
rain
yie
ld (
Kg/h
a)
‘Baby Trial’ Shalla
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Nasir AwashMelka
Nasir AwashMelka
Nasir AwashMelka
Nasir AwashMelka
Nasir AwashMelka
Nasir AwashMelka
Without Inputs
With Inputs
Gra
in y
ield
, Kg
ha
-1
‘Baby Trial’ at Mandura
Input Trial at Mandura
Treatment Plant height
(cm)
Biomass Yield
(t /ha)
Grain Yield
(t /ha)
25kgDAP 51.4 1.90 1.61
25kgDAP & Inoculant 45.6 1.68 1.33
Inoculant 45.93 1.48 1.23
Without Inputs 46.53 1.50 1.20
CV 11.4 21.72 23.38
LSD ns ns ns
Table 1. Effect of DAP fertilizer and inoculants on common bean
Nassir variety Nassir (biomass and grain yield)
Table 2. Effect of DAP fertilizer and inoculants on common bean
Nassir variety yield components, biomass and nodulation of
Treatment No. of
Pod/ plant
seed/
pod
Grain
Yield
(t ha-1)
Biomass (t
ha-1)
Nodules
/plant
DAP + Inoculant 11.3a 5.0a 3.67a 6.67a 33.5a
DAP 7.1b 4.7a 2.79b 5.33ab 31.03a
Inoculant 6.7b 3.7b 2.47b 6.33ab 31.9a
Nasir (Control) 5.6b 2.7c 1.79c 5.80b 29.8a
LSD 3.29 1 0.78 0.89 9.13
CV (%) 21.4 12.5 14.6 7.5 14.5
Sign * * * ns ns
Input Trial at Shalla
Table 3. Effect of DAP fertilizer and inoculants on yield, yield components,
biomass and nodulation of common bean varieties
Treatment No. of
Pods/plant No. of
Seeds/pod No. of active
nodules/plant No. of inactive
nodules/plant ECAB0081 14.0 4.7 9.33 0.67 GLP2 13.3 3.1 9.17 0.83 ECAB0056 14.0 4.7 9.00 1.00 Nasir 16.7 6.1 8.00 2.00 Awash1 12.7 3.7 8.50 1.50 Deme 14.7 5.3 9.00 1.00 Dinkinesh 11.3 3.7 8.00 2.00 Dimitu 14.3 4.3 8.17 1.83 A/Melka 11.7 3.0 8.83 1.17
LSD 2.40 0.7 1.70 1.70
CV (%) 10.3 9.0 11.5 17.5
Sign. * * NS NS
Variety trial at Shalla
Variety trial Shalla
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 Grain Yield (t/ha) Biomass (t/ha)
No. of Nodules/plant
Common bean root nodulation Scoring, Ethiopia 2013
Farmers
name/site Clay
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Textur
e
pH
(1:2.5)
Total
N
(%)
OM
(%)
C:N
CEC
(meq/ 100g Soil)
Ava.P
(ppm)
Mihret abebe 70 13 17 Cl 5.09 0.177 4.701 15.41 23.11 1.07
Ejigu moges 78 11 11 Cl 4.66 0.162 3.611 12.93 33.13 0.25 Neguse
tesema 68 6 26 Cl 5.31 0.169 4.292 14.73 25.7 0.33
FTC 38 18 44 SiClL 7.47 0.190 5.042 15.39 26.1 99.96 Berhanu
asmare 48 16 36 SiCl 6.35 0.193 7.222 21.71 32.9 3.66 Yeshewase
mekonen 30 26 44 ClL 6.02 0.170 7.631 26.04 30.26 77.98
Inputs trial 80 1 19 Cl 5.08 0.169 4.497 15.43 26.08 1.32
Variety trial 78 3 19 Cl 4.93 0.156 4.088 15.20 23.05 1.57
Table: Soil physicochemical properties before planting at Mandura district Nitisols
varieties Argene
Awash
dume
Awash
Melka
Awash-
1
Dimt
u
Dinknes
h IBADO Nassir Sari weed
%N 2.11 1.88 2.53 2.28 2.28 2.27 2.14 1.88 1.89 1.94
Summary Common bean variety Nasir and chickpea variety Arerti responded
very significantly to both types of fertilizers in Shalla district while it has NS difference at Mandura
Hence, it is important to look for microbial inoculants adopted to specific ecosystem /universal type/
Chickpea variety Arerti well responded to rhizobial inoculants and gave significant yield advantage over the control at Adaa situation
Common bean Nassir showed its superiority over many improved varieties and responded significantly to integrated fertilizer use
Legumes (CB & CP) yield improved as a result of integrated fertilizer use (rhizobial inoculant and inorganic fertilizer)
Farmers have been convinced the advantage of using rhizobial fertilizer and were giving their witness during field days very happily
Awareness creation on N2 Africa project activities for
zonal and district leaders, and technical persons in BOA
Farmers identification and site selection
Obtaining/availing of inputs (DAP, inoculants and seed)
Land preparation and planting
Monitoring and Data collection
Organizing farmers field day
Other activities undertaken in 2013
Training and
awareness creation
on N2Africa
activities
Survey and site
selection N2Africa
Training and awareness
creation on N2Africa activities
N2Africa Farmers’ Field
day at Shalla west Arsi
Zone, Oromia Reg. State
N2Africa Farmers’ Field day
common bean at Mandura
Benshangule Gumuze R. State
N2Africa Farmers’ Field day
common bean at Mandura
Benshangule Gumuze R. State
N2Africa Farmers’ Field
day at Shalla west Arsi
Zone, Oromia Reg. State
Shortage of vehicle for proper management of the trials
Lack of research supplies (Chemicals etc)
Late planting due to delay in MOU between EIAR and ILRI
Animal damage/attack
Human interference (early harvest, theft and damage) in trials
Disease and pest occurrence
Delay of budget releasing
Inadequate biofertilizers products
The lack of quality control on biofertilizers
Lack of all round training
Challenges
Lessons learnt
The project has been able to bring many stakeholders in one plat form for the improvement of the legume production system
Lack of clear protocols for each activities
Lack of experience by technicians to collect all data and information
Need for special training at all level of expertise and farmers
Need for additional and alternative biofertilizers products
Need for empowering women farmers on legume production
The Way Forward
Address more food and forage growing areas through research centers (Jima,
Assosa, Kulumsa, etc)
Screen more additional new potential inoculants
Strengthening the existing labs (equipments & research supplies)
Training and awareness creation
Timely release of budget
Including other important legumes (Soybean, Faba bean and Climbing bean)
Screening of BNF inoculants across different stress conditions
Scaling up of promising result
Quality biofertilizers and Economics on results
More Graduate students participation