Eficienta energetica in Centre de Date

© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric

Eficienţa energetică în Centre de Date. Cât de "Green" poate deveni un Centru de Date dacă sunt implementate tehnologiile potrivite?

Setting realistic expectations

Understanding PUE

Best practices for improving PUE

Eduard BodorData Center BDM Central EuropeAPC by Schneider Electric


power plant

private industry

power plant

solar, wind

private industry

Power Generation

regenerative/alternative Sources Wind Water Solar Fuel Cell …

fossile and other Sources Coal Gas Nuclear Waste

Today and Tomorrow Yesterday and Today

The easiest way to produce green energy is to save existing energy


● Google 1.12

● Microsoft “data lab” 1.24

● Microsoft Generation 4 data centers (PUE target) 1.12

● A veteran designer of large-scale 1.08data centers 1.06 1.046

Lets see how they get there….Lets see how they get there….

Source … PUE reported …

Great- Lets do it!

The PUE derby

Typical data centerExtreme PUE claims


● PUE is based on math It is “knowable” using reasonable methods and standardized guidelines

● PUE comparisons are difficult

Valid PUE comparisons are critically dependent on common terminology and assumptions

Five key PUE concepts

● Shared building systems should be included for a real PUEOften overlooked, these need to be fairly allocated to data center operations

● Redundancy worsens PUERedundancy of power and cooling systems (an availability choice you make) reduces PUE because of lowered load across the redundant devices

● Your electric bill and efficiency (PUE) are not the same thing One can get better while the other gets worse, for legitimate design decisions you might make

Compare “apples to apples” and don’t Compare “apples to apples” and don’t overlook hidden electrical lossesoverlook hidden electrical losses

1

2

3

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5

What are reasonable PUE expectations?


=

When comparing PUE, always make sure When comparing PUE, always make sure it’s “apples to apples”it’s “apples to apples”

“The devil is in the details”

The simplestory

The WHOLE story

PUE represents how much EXTRA power (“electrical losses”) you consume to power, cool, and and protect the IT load

LOWER is better, 1 is perfect

But to get

you need to ask questions ...

● What is included? (What’s IN, what’s OUT?)

● Annualized average or point-in-time snapshot?

● At what % load? (PUE degrades at lower loading)

● In what geographical location? (e.g., access to “free cooling”)


• Choice of geographic location (for free-cooling opportunities)

• An extensive fault-tolerant system architecture (so equipment failure doesn’t matter)

• Nonstandard servers (e.g., NEBS carrier grade) that are more tolerant of Spartan conditions

AND …

• A very large budget to meet green initiatives !

These extreme strategies are rarely suitable or These extreme strategies are rarely suitable or fundable for the typical enterprise data centerfundable for the typical enterprise data center

PUE less than 1.10? Unrealistic for ordinary data centers in ordinary places with ordinary budgetsVery large, purpose built examples may be closing in on impressive PUEs, but they have flexibility and resources you may not have:

No UPS

Little or no power redundancy

“Free cooling” only

No air conditioning fans


Moving towards a standardized calculation

● Data center efficiency is an evolving issue and standards are not settled yet

● PUE standards are under development by industry stakeholders

● White Papers discuss ongoing efforts toward standardized calculation of PUE

Standardized calculations ensure Standardized calculations ensure that you are comparing “apples to apples”that you are comparing “apples to apples”

#158 A Standard Method for Calculation of Data Center Efficiency

The industry is making progress …


The big question: What’s in, what’s out?

Data centersubsystem

In the PUE formula, is it part of …

IT load?Physical

infrastructure?Not

included?

Cooling tower basin heaters √

Water treatment √

Pipe freeze protection √

Air compressors √

Condensate pumps √Make-up air / fresh air system power √

Unit heaters √

Well pumps √

Cooling subsystems are sometimes forgotten in the PUE calculation

Leaving these out will falsely improve PUELeaving these out will falsely improve PUE

Shared building-wide system power must be prorated for the data center’s share of use

Items often omitted from the PUE calculation

Excerpted from Table 1 in APC White Paper 158


PUE vs. the electric bill

Data centerdesign uprade Electric bill PUE

Virtualization / consolidation

BETTER(lower)

Because of optimized use of server capacity

WORSE(higher)

Unless power and cooling are downsized to align

with lower IT load *

Higher server inlet temperature

WORSE(higher)

If increased server fan power exceeds cooling

system savings

BETTER (lower)

Because of higher efficiency of cooling

system

Beware of “Cause and EffectBeware of “Cause and Effect “

Be careful of using PUE as your only metric

APC White paper 118 efficiency effects of virtualization

It may not tell the whole story !

APC White paper 138 efficiency effects of increased inlet temperature


How many meters?Cost/benefit tradeoff for data collection

APC White Paper #161 - Allocating data center energy costs and carbon to IT users

Cost / benefitcritical point

Metering for PUE has diminishing returns, Metering for PUE has diminishing returns, but metering has other benefitsbut metering has other benefits

PUE errorSystem cost

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Web-enabled interface

For easy integration with 3rd party web page through application programming

interface (API)

Subsystem energy losses

Insight into energy losses and cost of subsystems, with details of which

subsystem draws the greatest cost

Energy efficiency calculation Current and historical PUE values based

on the current IT load for a fact-based understanding of energy efficiency at the

facility level

Efficiency dashboard


Subsystem breakdown of energy cost

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Cost (USD)

© 2009 APC by Schneider ElectricGo

Go to online “live” version of this tool

tools.apc.com


2008 20182013

4

3

2

1

PUE Where are YOUR data Where are YOUR data centers today?centers today?

worst

best

average

The average will get betterThe average will get better

The worst will get MUCH betterThe worst will get MUCH better

A realistic PUE forecast

2010


Drivers of infrastructure efficiency gains

Baseline: Average of existing installed base

Goal: Reduce PUE from 2.13 to 1.39

How to get there: Upgrades to power and cooling infrastructure

Cooling ECONOMIZERS

Convert from ROOM COOLING to dynamic ROW/RACK cooling

RIGHT-SIZING via modular power and cooling

Higher UPS EFFICIENCY

415/240 V TRANSFORMERLESS power distribution (NAM)

DYNAMIC CONTROL OF COOLING PLANT(VFD fans, pumps, chillers)

32% contribution.24 PUE reduction

16% contribution .12 PUE reduction





PUE2.13

1.39

Total pie represents the overall PUE improvement that we are talking about

Each piece is the relative PUE contribution of upgrades that could be made


“Hybrid” strategy

• High-density pods

• Low-cost pods

• High-availability pods (i.e. supported by extra redundancy)

Build out in increments (“pods”) targeted on your current IT priorities

Example: 6000 sq ft data center


● Understand PUE ● Claims of extremely low PUE are becoming more common, but many are

based on incomplete data and most are not realistic for your data center • Leverage on-line tools to do ROI on efficiency improvements

● What’s In and What’s Out can dramatically effect PUE – always “compare apples to apples”● PUE is not the only metric you should look at – don’t forget the electric bill !

● Choose your PUE measurement strategy● Manual vs. automated● Lower vs. higher accuracy● Subsystem breakdown

● Consider your options for PUE improvement● Close-coupled row-based cooling● High-efficiency scalable power and cooling● Tools for efficiency analysis and capacity management● Scalable/modular growth● Hybrid density data centers

PUE hype vs. realistic expectations

Checklist for joining the PUE conversation with confidence


Questions?

Post-event questions or comments about this presentation? [email protected] - The Data Center Science Center at APC by Schneider Electric


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Eficienta energetica in Centre de Date