Deliveringeffective presentations

12 Nov. 2010

yateendra.joshiyateendra.joshiyateendra.joshiyateendra.joshi @@@@ gmail.comgmail.comgmail.comgmail.com

� How presentations differ from documents

� Setting objectives for the presentation

� How to guarantee legibility on the screen

� Choosing a writing style and a presentation style

Delivering effective presentations

� Choosing a writing style and a presentation style

� Body language, voice, speed (words per minute)

� Handling questions

Reading is a solitary activity

Presentation is a group activity

� A presentation is a poor way to

transfer information.

� Make a presentation to

arouse interest

Decide why you are presenting

arouse interest

demonstrate competence

persuade.

� Study the interests and needs of your audience.

� Shape presentations to suit interests and needs.

� Make all text very large.

� Leave enough space between lines.

� Ensure strong colour contrast.

� Make lines thick and text bold.

Seven ways to guarantee legibility

� Make lines thick and text bold.

� Choose well-designed fonts.

� Avoid capital letters.

� Restrict the amount of text.

� Bold, 28 points: Georgia, Verdana, Lucida,

Trebuchet, Arial Narrow

� One point = 0.35 mm

� Font size relates to height

Make all text very large

� Font size relates to height

� Differences in apparent size

What is font size

bag bag bag96 points

bag bag bag

1 point = 0.35 mm

� Line spacing of 56 points

� Ascenders and descenders

Leave enough space between lines

e n o r x b f h k l g j p q ye n o r x b f h k l g j p q y

Lines touchingbecause too closeline spacing = 28 pt

Lines not touching

because well-spaced

line spacing = 56 pt

� Yellow on dark blue

� Orange, green, purple, light blue

� Light text against dark background

� For transparencies: dark against light

Ensure strong colour contrast

� For transparencies: dark against light

� Colour wheel

?

� Large areas of colour

� Medium to thick lines

� Bold text for slides, LCD presentations.

Make lines thick and text bold

1-pt

2-pt

3-pt

4-pt

� Designed for displays / screens

� Clear differences between characters

� 0 O 1 l I

� 0 O 1 l I

Choose well-designed fonts

� 0 O 1 l I

� 0 O 1 l I

� 0 O 1 l I

� 0 O 1 l I

Avoid clusters of capital letters

� Affects recognition of shapes.

� Takes up more space.

� Suppresses information.

HELPFUL helpful

� Legibility requires space

� Large letters = more space

� Wide line spacing = more space

� Bold letters = more space

Restrict the amount of text

� Bold letters = more space

� Clear fonts = more space

� 1 + 7 lines for slides / screen shows

� Slides, not text pages

� Bullet points

� Phrases, not full sentences

� Supplement, not substitute

Choose appropriate writing style

� Supplement, not substitute

� Concrete, not abstract

� Specific, not general

� Formal: more serious tone, less interactive

� Informal: lighter tone, more interactive

� Pictures to sustain interest

� Progressive disclosure

Choose appropriate presentation style

� Progressive disclosure

� Handouts after presentation

� Too much text = illegible text

� Too much text = poor understanding

� Too much text = bored audience

� Set format ensures limited text

Remember requirements of legibility

� Set format ensures limited text

� Templates for consistency

� 49 words or less: “Large blocks of text are

likely to deter a viewer from even

attempting to read the contents.”

On-screen text and subtitling in

Condense, condense, condense

On-screen text and subtitling in

television advertisements

ITC Advertising Standards Code rule 5.4.2

� Highlights of tables

� Simple charts

� Allow 5 words per second (0.2 seconds per word)

� Add a ‘recognition period’ of 3 seconds

No. of words Hold time (seconds)

20 07

Allow enough ‘hold’ time for reading

20 07

30 09

40 11

50 13

� Visit the venue in advance; check the set-up;

take back-up copies.

� Look up and practise unfamiliar words.

� Moisten your throat; sip some plain water.

Plan, prepare, practise

� Moisten your throat; sip some plain water.

� Rehearse the opening and closing lines thoroughly.

� Face the audience, not the screen.

� Speak louder but more slowly than usual.

� Be ready with a shortened version.

� XTML standards are as follows (in wpm, or words

per minute): Extra slow: 80, Slow: 120,

Medium: 180–200, Fast: 300

� Audiobooks standard: 150–160 wpm

Vary your speed (120–200 words/min)

� Audiobooks standard: 150–160 wpm

� Slow Martin Luther King: 84–92 wpm

� Medium Michael Pollan: 187 wpm

� Fast Daniel Gilbert: 195 wpm

� Very fast Michael Shermer: 210 wpm

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose

symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the

Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree

came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of

Martin Luther King (84–92 wpm) : 1/2

came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of

Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of

withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to

end the long night of their captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred

years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the

manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One

hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in

Martin Luther King (84–92 wpm): 2/2

hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in

the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years

later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society

and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we’ve come here

today to dramatize a shameful condition.

That plants are good for humans to eat probably doesn’t need much

elaboration, but the story of vitamin C, an anti-oxidant we depend

primarily on plants to supply us, points to the evolutionary reasons

why this might have become the case. Way back in evolution, our

Michael Pollan: 135 wpm

why this might have become the case. Way back in evolution, our

ancestors possessed the biological ability to make vitamin C, an

essential nutrient, from scratch. Like other antioxidants, vitamin C,

or ascorbic acid, contributes to our health in at least two important

ways.

When you have 21 minutes to speak, two million

years seems like a really long time. But

evolutionarily, two million years is nothing. And yet in

two million years the human brain has nearly tripled

Daniel Gilbert: 195 wpm

two million years the human brain has nearly tripled

in mass, What is it about a big brain that nature was

so eager for every one of us to have one?

Hey, I am Michael Shermer, the director of the Skeptics

Society, the publisher of Skeptic magazine. We investigate

claims of the paranormal, pseudo-science, and fringe

groups and cults and claims of all kinds between: science

Michael Shermer: 210 wpm

groups and cults and claims of all kinds between: science

and pseudo-science and non-science and junk science,

voodoo science, pathological science, bad science, non-

science and plain old nonsense. And unless you've been on

Mars recently, you know there's a lot of that out there.

� End clearly and emphatically.

� Consult the chair as appropriate.

� Repeat the question for the audience;

rephrase it if necessary.

Handle questions tactfully

rephrase it if necessary.

� Avoid arguments; as you finish replying, look at

somebody other than the persistent questioner.

Atkinson M. 2004

Lend Me Your Ears

London: Vermilion [Ebury

Press, Random House]. 376 pp.Press, Random House]. 376 pp.

Duarte N. 2008

Slide:ology: the art and science of creating great presentations

O'Reilly Media. 294 pp.

Kosslyn S. 2010

Better PowerPoint: quick fixes

based on how your audience

thinks. New York: Oxford

University Press.

160 pp.

http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/

http://www.thersa.org/events/audio-

and-past-events

For over 250 years the Royal Society for the

encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and

Commerce (RSA) has been a cradle of Commerce (RSA) has been a cradle of

enlightenment thinking and a force for social

progress.

http://www.thersa.org/events/audio-

and-past-events

http://www.ted.com/

Hans Rosling: 187 wpm [1 of 2]

About 10 years ago, I took on the task to teach global development

to Swedish undergraduate students. That was after having spent

about 20 years together with African institutions studying hunger in

Africa, so I was sort of expected to know a little about the world. And

I started in our medical university, Karolinska Institute, an

undergraduate course called Global Health. But when you get that undergraduate course called Global Health. But when you get that

opportunity, you get a little nervous. I thought, these students

coming to us actually have the highest grade you can get in Swedish

college systems -- so I thought maybe they know everything I'm

going to teach them about. So I did a pre-test when they came. And

one of the questions from which I learnt a lot was this one: "Which

country has the highest child mortality of these five pairs?

Hans Rosling: 187 wpm [2 of 2]

And I put them together, so that in each pair of country, one has

twice the child mortality of the other. And this means that it’s much

bigger a difference than the uncertainty of the data. I won’t put you

at a test here, but it’s Turkey, which is highest

there, Poland, Russia, Pakistan and South Africa. And these were

the results of the Swedish students. I did it so I got the confidence the results of the Swedish students. I did it so I got the confidence

interval, which is pretty narrow, and I got happy, of course: a 1.8

right answer out of five possible. That means that there was a place

for a professor of international health -- (Laughter) and for my

course.

Wise men talk because

they have something to

say; fools, because they say; fools, because they

have to say something

Plato, a Greek philosopher

(427–347 BC)