Edge 2016 solving everyday problems with next generation mapping

© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016

Solving Everyday Problems with Next Generation Mapping

Liz Borowsky, VP Platform Engineering, Akamai Technologies


What do I mean by mapping anyway?


A small scale example

One Datacenter


Mapping: Load Balancing on steroids


Mapping Fundamentals

Availability

• Content is always accessible• Even when machines fail• Even when routing changes• Even when individual networks have

problems

Performance

• The best Quality of Experience• Low latency• High throughput • Plenty of machine resources

Primary Problem a CDN Mapping system wants to solve:


The two main approaches to mapping

AnycastedNameserver Mapped

4.3.2.1


Anycast: Features

• Conceptually simple • Easy to scale

(to a point)

Inherently somewhat centralized


Anycast: Availability

BGP convergence time 30 seconds to up to 5 minutes*

* https://labs.ripe.net/Members/vastur/the-shape-of-a-bgp-update


Anycast: Performance. US data, Gomez Last Mile tests


Anycast: Challenges – Lack of control

• Load balancing done by BGP tuning• Hard to use resources efficiently• At the mercy of BGP churn and convergence• Scales only to a point


Nameserver Mapping: Availability

Better Control20 seconds

to 1 min


Nameserver Mapping: Performance

Control enables the abilityto be widely

distributed


Challenge: Nameservers far from end users

Non-optimal mappingPoor performance


Great performance

Solution: ECS (EDNS0-Client-Subnet DNS Extension*)

*https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7871


Solution: ECS (EDNS0-Client-Subnet DNS Extension)

Average improvements from enablement with openDNS and GoogleDNS


Challenge: Scaling the internet

Control = Opportunity


Challenge: Mobile End Users

End users go throughmobile gateways

Combine clustering with ECS, but use the Gateway IP Subnet


Start of a solution: Mobile gateway clustering


Challenge: Scaling the internet

Control = Opportunity


Challenge: Congested peering on the global internet

Distribute loadAvoid congestion


Distribute load away from congested peering

• Measure throughput• Map away if throughput degrades• Use distributed platform to get content close to the end user• Offload overloaded peering links


Early results


Challenge: Congested peering on the global internet

Distribute loadAvoid congestion


The Future

With control comes opportunity…• ECS in more networks• More metrics and data• More control to give better performance• More control to help the internet scale• Strategic anycast – best of both worlds


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Edge 2016 solving everyday problems with next generation mapping