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Smucker, Mervin (2012). The role of dual representation theory in trauma-related memories

Dual Representation Theory

(Brewin)

Two types of trauma-related memories

• Situational accessible memories – visual intrusions– flashbacks– nightmares

• Verbally accessible memories

Situationally Accessible Memories (SAMS)

• Involuntary recall

• Non-verbal (visual - auditory - sensory)

• Information retrieved is accompanied by strong emotional response and bodily sensations

• Perceived ongoing, here-and-now threat• Stuck in time (perceptions, cognitions/emotions remain as

they were at the time of trauma)

• Not processed linguistically

Verbally Accessible Memories (VAMS)

• Voluntary recall

• Verbal - Narrative

• Integrated in the present and with perspective of the past (e.g., “It is a bad memory”)

• No perceived here-and-now threat

• Updated information re trauma-related material (e.g. “I survived,” “I did not die”)

• Processed linguistically

Goals of Trauma-Processing(according to DRT)

• Eliminate intrusive memories (flashbacks)

• Re-encode SAM material as VAM memories which now have spatial and temporal context and place danger in the past

• Trauma memories no longer perceived as here-and-now threat

Goals of Trauma-Processing(according to DRT)

• Eliminate intrusive memories (flashbacks)

• Re-encode SAM material as VAM memories which now have spatial and temporal context and place danger in the past

• Trauma memories no longer perceived as here-and-now threat