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Presentation on Fluvial Features
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V-Shaped Valley
Define
• V-Shaped Valley– A valley having a cross-sectional profile in the
form of the letter V, commonly produced by stream erosion. Also known as V valley.
The satellite image of the V-Shaped valley
the river
v-shaped valley
The side view of the V-Shaped Valley
V-shaped valley:
Steep gradient
river
Side view of V-shaped valleys
v -shaped valleys
Impacts on HumanAdvantages (Opportunities) Disadvantages (limitations)
Blocks wind: cooler temperature in daytime and warmer temperature at night
Danger of avalanches and landslides
Easy access to the water Difficult accessibility in terms of transportation
Rich resources
Meanders – the middle course of River Cuckmere
Define
• Meander– A meander in general is a bend in a sinuous
watercourse. A meander is formed when the moving water in a river erodes the outer banks and widens
Meanders
meanders
: curved river
flood plain
Meanders
Impacts on Human Advantages (Opportunities)
Disadvantages (limitations)
Create fertile soil on the floodplains
Dislocation of the land (agricultural land)
transportation Floods occur easily
trade
Levees on Mississippi River
• map
Define
• Levees– A levee, levée, dike (or dyke), embankment,
floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial slope or wall to regulate water levels
Levees
levees
The side view of the Levees
levees:
containing accumulated sands and rocks
River surface
Impacts on HumanAdvantages (Opportunities) Disadvantages (limitations)
Natural protection against disaster such as floods
Stops the water to flow back to the river after flooding
Stops sea water to reclaim the land
Create fertile land after flooding
transportation
trade
Define
• Waterfall– A vertical stream of water that occurs where a
river or stream falls over the edge of a steep place
• E.g Yosemite Waterfall
Yosemite Waterfall
Plunge Pool
Hard rockSoft rock
Map
Satellite
Impacts on HumanAdvantages (Opportunities) Disadvantages (limitations)
Tourism/recreation Dangerous
Provides freshwater Floods
Source of Energy (watermills and hydroelectric plants
Provided food and transportation
Define
• Deltas– a landform that is created at the mouth of a
river where that river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, flat arid area, or another river. Deltas are formed from the deposition of the sediment carried by the river as the flow leaves the mouth of the river.
• E.g. Nile River Delta
Nile River Delta
Map
Satellite View
Impacts on HumanAdvantages (Opportunities) Disadvantages (limitations)
Tourism/Development role economic obstacles
Provides freshwater Floods
Source of Energy
Provided food and transportation
Farming
Define
• Braided channels– Braided channels” means the intertwined
branches or secondary channels of a river or stream and characterized by the separation and rejoining.
• E.g. The Waimakariri River in New Zealand
Map
Map
Satellite View
Impacts on HumanAdvantages (Opportunities) Disadvantages (limitations)
Tourism/Development role Floods
Provides freshwater
Source of Energy
Provided food and transportation
Fishing – Best Fishing
Rapids- by East Lendings (County Durham, Great Britain)
Relatively steep gradient-causes/increases turbulence and velocity of water
Rock steps along the shallower side of the rapid
Topographic map of the location
Rapids by East Lendings
Define
• Rapid– a part of a riverbed where the water moves
very fast, usually over rocks or around boulders
The satellite image of the rapid
rapids
Impacts on Humans
Advantages (Opportunities) Disadvantages (limitations)
Good for canoeists Rocky banks-dangerous for canoeists
Where it has rich agricultural area –it is a major processor and distributor of farm products
Fast river flow-Dangerous especially for other water activities eg. Crossing rivers/fishing
Floodplains-River Tay and its floodplain (Dalmarnock, UK)
area of land around a river channel which is formed during times of flood
Define
• Floodplains– an area of low-lying land across which a river
flows that is covered with sediment as a result of frequent flooding
Topographic map of the floodplains
floodplain
Rail tracks
channel
The satellite image of the flood plain
Impacts on Humans
Impacts on Humans
Advantages (Opportunities) Disadvantages (limitations)
water is most available the richness of the alluvial soil of floodplains are severely offset by frequent floods brought on by cyclones and annual monsoon rains
very fertile for farming causes severe economic disruption and loss of human life in this densely-populated region.
represent cheap sources of transportation, and are often where railroads are located
any alteration of the watershed upstream can potentially affect the ability of the watershed to handle water
potentially affects the levels of the periodic floods