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THE DIRECT METHOD IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Ruth Camorlinga
THE DIRECT METHOD
The Direct Method of language teaching is also called:
The Reform Method
The Natural Method
The Anti-Grammatical Method
The Berlitz Method
THE DIRECT METHOD
The Direct Method was developed by Maximilian Berlitz towards the end of the 19th century as a reaction to the Grammar Translation Method.
THE DIRECT METHOD
The Direct Method is named “direct” because meaning should be connected directly with the target language without translation into the native language.
meaning
target
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THE DIRECT METHOD
Basically, the Direct Method aims to provide language learners with a practically useful knowledge of language. Knowing a language is being able to speak it.
THE DIRECT METHOD
This method argues that a foreign language can be taught without translation, unlike the argument of the Grammar-Translation Method.
THE DIRECT METHOD
Rather than translating the teaching material, the teacher is expected to directly use the target language in class because a language can best be taught by using it actively in the classroom.
THE DIRECT METHOD
The teacher should not explain but associate the meaning through action and demonstration.
THE DIRECT METHOD
In this way, learners will be able to induce grammar rules through examples, illustrations, and demonstrations.
THE DIRECT METHOD
This method replaces the textbook with teacher-student / student-student activities such as reading aloud, question-answer exercises, fill-in-the-blank exercises, etc.
THE DIRECT METHOD
Correct pronunciation is given careful attention in this method. In addition, new vocabulary is taught by using known words.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Classroom instruction is conducted exclusively in the target language. The teacher should demonstrate, not explain or translate.
NEVER TRANSLATE: DEMONSTRATE
BASIC PRINCIPLES
2. Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught.
BASIC VOCABULARY IS GIVEN FIRST
BASIC PRINCIPLES
3. Grammar is taught inductively. There may never be an explicit grammar rule given.
DO NOT GIVE RULES:MAKE THEM FIGURE OUT THE RULE.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
4. New teaching points are introduced orally.
ORAL TRANSMISSION
BASIC PRINCIPLES
5. Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
6. Both speech and listening comprehension are taught.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
7. Vocabulary is taught through known words, demonstration, authentic objects (realia), pictures, and miming.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
8. The teacher, by asking the student to make a choice, gets him to correct his own error.
LEARNING BY SELF-CORRECTION
BASIC PRINCIPLES
9. The syllabus is based on situations or topics, not usually on linguistic structures.
CONTEXTUAL/TOPICAL TEACHING
BASIC PRINCIPLES
10. Learning is not merely restricted with formal language knowledge; it also involves speaker conventions and descriptive usage.
NOT formal BUT NATURAL USE
BASIC PRINCIPLES
11. Students should learn to think in the target language as soon as possible. Vocabulary is acquired more naturally if students use it in full sentences, rather than memorizing word lists.NOT memorization but PRODUCTION
BASIC PRINCIPLES
12. The purpose of language learning is communication; therefore students need to learn how to ask questions as well as answer them.
COMMUNICATION-FIRST PRINCIPLE
TECHNIQUES IN THE DIRECT METHOD
Reading aloud Question-answer exercise Student self-correction Conversation practice Fill-in-the-blank exercise Dictation
Grammar-Translation Method vs. The Direct Method: A Comparison
Direct Method Grammar translation method
In the direct method, the teacher provides the knowledge in grammar inductively through speaking.
The GTM focuses on grammar rules and their application. Language is learned through rules.
in terms of GRAMMAR
Grammar-Translation Method vs. The Direct Method: A Comparison
in terms of VOCABULARY
Direct Method Grammar translation method
The vocabulary is learned through practice every day.
The vocabulary is learned through direct translation of L1. Students learn vocabulary when they are translated.
Grammar-Translation Method vs. The Direct Method: A Comparison
Direct Method Grammar translation method
The role of the teacher is of great importance. He asks questions to students constantly, encourages them to participate in class and corrects their mistakes immediately.
The role of the teacher is not very active because he just limits his work to translate for the students.
in terms of TEACHER ATTITUDE
Grammar-Translation Method vs. The Direct Method: A Comparison
in terms of STUDENT ATTITUDE
Direct Method Grammar translation method
The students are very actives, their oral communication skills are emphasized, they have to speak a lot.
The accuracy from the students is expected and they have to practice by translation.
Grammar-Translation Method vs. The Direct Method: A Comparison
Direct Method Grammar translation method
Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully grade
Primary skills to be improved:Reading and writing.
in terms of LANGUAGE SKILLS
