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DIGITAL IMAGING BEST PRACTICES
Version 2.0 • June 2008Bibliographic Center for Research
Collaborative Digitization Program
Digital Imaging Best Practices
OVERVIEW
Digital Imaging Best Practices:
offer guidance
to provide digital imaging recommendations for institutions and
collections that are planning / involved in digitization projects.
It is a guide, not de facto standard, for digital imaging,
image capture, presentation, storage and preservation.
Source: Bibliographic Center for Research Collaborative Digitization Program
http://www.bcr.org/cdp/best/digital-imaging-bp.pdf
Digital Imaging Best Practices
SCOPE:
WHAT IS ADDRESSED IN CDP DOCUMENT
Digitizing and file format recommendations for:
Text, photographs, maps, graphic materials, artwork and 3-D
objects, film and born-digital files
Suggested hardware configurations
Software considerations
Quality control
File naming conventions
Scanner and monitor calibration
Targets and color bars
Storing images
Digital Imaging Best Practices
SCOPE
What is not addressed in CDP document:
Scanning and file format recommendations for:
Audio, video/moving images
Project management
Selection of collections for digitization
Digital Imaging Best Practices
PHOTOGRAPHS
Master Access Thumbnail
File Format TIFF JPEG JPEG
Bit Depth 16 bit grayscale
48 bit color
8 bit grayscale
24 bit color
8 bit grayscale
24 bit color
Spatial
Resolution
400 to 800 ppi 150 to 200ppi 144ppi
Spatial
Dimensions
4000 to 8000
pixels across the
long dimension,
depending on
size of original,
excluding
mounts and
borders
600 pixels
across the long
dimension
150 to 200
pixels across the
long dimension
Digital Imaging Best Practices
TEXT
Master Access Thumbnail
File Format TIFF JPEG JPEG
Bit Depth 1 bit bitonal
8 to16 bit
grayscale
48 bit color
8 bit grayscale
24 bit color
8 bit grayscale
24 bit color
Spatial
Resolution
Adjust scan resolution to
produce a minimum pixel
measurement across the
long dimension of 6000
lines for 1 bit files and
4,000 lines for 8 to 16 bit
files.
150 to 200ppi 144ppi
Spatial
Dimensions
4000 to 8000 pixels
across the long
dimension
600 pixels across
the long dimension
150 to 200 pixels
across the long
dimension
Digital Imaging Best Practices
MAPS
Master Access Thumbnail
File Format TIFF JPEG JPEG
Bit Depth 16 bit grayscale
48 bit color
8 bit grayscale
24 bit color
8 bit grayscale
24 bit color
Spatial
Resolution
600ppi
300 to 400ppi
for larger maps
150 to 200ppi 144ppi
Spatial
Dimensions
6000 to 8000
pixels across the
long dimension
1078 pixels
across the long
dimension
150 to 200
pixels across the
long dimension
Digital Imaging Best Practices
GRAPHICS
Master Access Thumbnail
File Format TIFF JPEG JPEG
Bit Depth 16 bit grayscale
48 bit color
8 bit grayscale
24 bit color
8 bit grayscale
24 bit color
Spatial
Resolution
600 to 800 ppi 150 to 200ppi 144ppi
Spatial
Dimensions
6000 to 8000
pixels across the
long dimension,
excluding
mounts and
borders
600 pixels
across the long
dimension
150 to 200
pixels across the
long dimension
Digital Imaging Best Practices
METADATA
Descriptive Metadata
Metadata that describes the intellectual content of a resource andused for the indexing, discovery and identification of a digitalresource.
Administrative Metadata
Metadata that includes management information about the digitalresource, such as ownership and rights management.
Structural Metadata
Metadata that is used to display and navigate digital resources anddescribes relationships between multiple digital files, such as pageorder in a digitized book or diary.
Technical Metadata
Metadata that describes the features of the digital file, such as resolution, pixel dimensions and hardware. The information is critical for migration and long-term sustainability of the digital resource.
Page 33
Digital Imaging Best Practices
GENERAL PRINCIPLES & SUMMARY
Digitize at the highest resolution appropriate to the source material
Digitize at an appropriate level of quality to avoid redigitizing and
rehandling of the originals in the future
Digitize an original or first generation (i.e., negative rather than print)
of the source material to achieve the best quality image possible. In
the case of art prints, the developed print is considered the original
piece.
Create and store a master image file that can be used to produce
surrogate image files and serve a variety of current and future user
needs
Use system components that are nonproprietary
Digital Imaging Best Practices
GENERAL PRINCIPLES & SUMMARY
Use image file formats and compression techniques that
conform to standards within the cultural heritage community
Create backup copies of all files on servers and have an off-
site backup strategy
Create meaningful metadata for image files or collections
Store digital files in an appropriate environment
Monitor data as necessary
Document a migration strategy for transferring data across
generations of technology
Plan for future technological developments
FOR MORE INFORMATION
BCR’s CDP Digital Imaging Best Practices
Version 2.0
June 2008
http://www.bcr.org/cdp/best/digital-imaging-bp.pdf
or
http://bit.ly/NVRd(capitalization counts)
Digital Imaging Best Practices
