DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATABASESPresented by Shwe Yee Mya Win

AGENDA› Introduction to Database

› Definition of different database type

› Characteristics & Features

› Appropriate Usages

› Advantages & Disadvantages

DatabaseA collection of interrelated data stored in a computer.

Importance of database

› Provide a highly efficient method for handling large amount of different types of data with ease.

› Database allows data to be stored systematically and these data to be easily retrieved, filtered, sorted and updated efficiently and accurately.

Flat File DatabaseSimple database system that stores record in a plain text file that have no structured relationships between each record.

CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES

› Store all data in one large table.

› Each line of the text holds one record.

› The first row in a flat file refers to the field name.

› The different fields in a record are separated by delimiters, such as vertical bar “|” or a comma “,” or a semi-colon “;”.

› No folders or paths are used organize the data.

› Cannot store graphical documents but only text.

› Data stored in it are searchable by using keywords, phrases or both.

Where to use ?› Ideal for storing very small amounts of simple data that could be

manually manageable. For example:

We can use flat file database to store records of funding or savings for a small group of people because there is not many fields, the use of multiple table is

not necessary as well and there is no complex process to perform.

ADVANTAGES

› Easier to setup and use.

› Consume less space.

› No special software or hardware requirements.

› Often free or cheap.

DISADVANTAGES

› Prone to data corruption or duplication.

› Prone to error.

› Hard to update or modify.

› Poor access control.

› Cannot perform complex process

Relational DatabaseMore advanced and efficient type of database which can store very large amount of data in a set of tables that are linked together.

CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES› Use of multiple tables to store records and each table is composed of records

in rows & columns.

› Each column is a field which represents a particular type of information of the entity and each row lists as one record.

› Each field in a table has its own data type.

› Each row contains a unique instance of data to uniquely identifies a record.

› Records within the tables are linked to records held in other tables through a relationship.

› The statements of inserting, retrieving, updating and deleting data in relational databases are made by queries which are written in SQL.

Where to use ?

› Widely used in many different industries ranging from small to large companies to:_– store financial records of the whole industry,– keep track of inventory, – hold customer and supplier information– keep track of customer orders– keep records on employees and etc.

ADVANTAGES

› Can store vast amount of data.

› Ensures data integrity

› Easily extendable and modifiable

› Facilitates data accessibility, searchability, and reporting.

› Better performance

› Allow multiple users

› Advanced data security

DISADVANTAGES

› Steep learning curve.

› Expensive to set up & maintain.

› Require sophisticated hardware and networking setups.

› Presents a double-edged sword.

Hierarchical DatabaseType of database where data are organized in a tree structure that links a number of different elements to one "parent," primary record.

CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES

› The top of the tree is the parent and the branches are children.

› All attributes of a specific record are listed under an entity type (parent).

› An entity type is the equivalent of a table.

› Each individual record is represented as a row and an attribute as a column.

› Each record type has only one parent.

› Entity types are related to each other using one-to-many relationship.

Where to use ?› Most relevant to use in the situation where the primary focus of information

is gathered on a single data element such as a list of business departments, employee organization in corporations or assets.

› For example, we can use the hierarchical schema for part of the COMPANY database.

ADVANTAGES

› Easier to understand.

› Simplifies data overview.

› Easier to work with because of its linear type data storage

DISADVANTAGES

› Predefined tree structure reduces flexibility.

› Many too many relationships not supported.

› Slow because access to a child segment can only be done through the parent segment

Desktop DatabaseType of basic database that is made to run on a single computer.

CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES

Allows file system level access to data, rather than access via a database server.

Usually come with rich, visual data-centric user interfaces

Like text database, each row is a single record but each field is in a separate column

Offer a range of functionality for smaller data sets but do not generally support the kinds of advanced predictive analytics and data mining.

Widely used in small systems where expensive client-server databases are unnecessary and simple table-based access is more familiar to users

ADVANTAGES

› Cheaper to implement and maintain.

› User friendly database environment.

› Does not require sophisticated hardware and networking setups.

DISADVANTAGES

› Low Security.

› Limited performance & capability.

› Cannot represent complex data relationships.

› Data redundancy is common especially when the amount of data increases.

REFERENCE› https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25956/flat-file› http://

www.jegsworks.com/lessons/ComputerBasics/lesson1-2/lesson2-4database.htm

› https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_database_model› https://www.techopedia.com/definition/19782/hierarchical-database› http://

databasemanagement.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Hierarchical_Data_Model› http://

www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/information-technology/hierarchical-data-model.php

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