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3rd Workshop on Bio-Inspired and Self-* Algorithms for Distributed Systems. Slides of the presentation: Description and Composition of Bio-Inspired Design Patterns: The Gradient Case
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Description and Composition of Bio-Inspired Design Patterns:
The Gradient Case
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Jose Luis Fernandez-Marquez University of Geneva, Switzerland [email protected] http://iss.unige.ch
In collaboration with: Giovanna Di Marzo Serugendo – University of Geneva, Switzerland Josep Lluis Arcos – IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain Mirko Viroli - University of Bologna, Italy Sara Montagna - University of Bologna, Italy
Outline
Motivation Goal Bio-Inspired Design Patterns
Gradient Pattern Chemotaxis Pattern
Applications Framework: SAPERE Project Conclusions and Future research
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Motivation
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Characterized by:
Large Scale
Openness
Unpredictability
Wide range of new applications
Requirements:
Scalability
Robustness
Traditional Approaches (centralised, not distributed)
Motivation
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Bio-Inspired Self-Organising mechanisms have been applied in those infrastructures, achieving results that go beyond traditional approaches, (ACO, PSO, flocking, Digital pheromones….) . However,
The knowledge and experience on how, when, and where to use them is spread across the corresponding literature.
It is very difficult to grasp what are their capabilities and weakness.
Goal
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To analyse existing literature, providing a catalogue of Bio-inspired Mechanisms for Self-Organizing Systems.
To describe those mechanisms as design patterns, identifying how, where, and when to be applied.
Identify the relationship between the presented mechanisms, providing a better description and making it easier to compose new patterns or adapt the existing patterns to solve new problems.
Demonstrate the applicability of those mechanisms tackling with different domains:
Dynamic Optimization
Spatial Computing
Sensor Networks
Bio-Inspired Design Pattern
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Bio-Inspired Design Pattern
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Bio-Inspired Design Patterns
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Repulsion Evaporation Replication Aggregation Spreading
Flocking Foraging Chemotaxis Morphogenesis Quorum Sensing
Digital Pheromones Gradients Gossip
Bio-Inspired Design Patterns
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How When Where
Aliases Biological Inspiration Related Patterns
Typical Case
Known Uses Problem Environment
Solution
Forces
Entities / Dynamics
Implementation
Consequences
Pattern Description
The Gradient Pattern
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Problem: Large systems suffer from lack of global knowledge to estimate the consequences of the actions performed by other agents beyond their communication range.
Solution: Information spreads from the location it is initially deposited and aggregates when it meets other information. During spreading, additional information about the sender's distance and direction is provided: either through a distance value (incremented or decremented); or by modifying the information to represent its concentration (lower concentration when information is further away).
Abstract transition rule:
The Gradient Pattern
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Dynamics:
The Gradient Pattern
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Dynamics:
The Chemotaxis Pattern
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Problem: Decentralised motion coordination aiming at detecting sources or boundaries of events.
Solution: Agents locally sense gradient information and follow the gradient in a specified direction (either follow higher gradient values, lower gradient values, or equipotential lines of gradients).
Abstract transition rule:
The Chemotaxis Pattern
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Dynamics:
Applications
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Dynamic Optimisation: We extended PSO with the Evaporation Pattern to deal with
dynamic and noisy optimisation. Hovering Information in Spatial Computing:
We defined and analysed a collection of algorithms based on the Replication Pattern and the Repulsion Pattern, for persistent storage of information at specific geographical areas.
Detecting Diffuse Events Sources We implemented the Chemotaxis Pattern for localizing
dynamically changing diffuse events using WSN.
FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Département des Hautes Etudes Commerciales -HEC
Framework: SAPERE project
Theoretical and practical framework for decentralized development and execution of self-aware and adaptive services for future and emerging pervasive network scenarios. Chemical Interactions among Services
Smooth data/service distinction Spontaneous interactions of
available services Bio-chemical reactions
Middleware for Android phones / tablets Context-awareness (user, situation recognition) Case Study
Focus on public/private displays for crowd steering Domains
Context-Aware Advertisement, Crowd Steering, User guidance EU Funded Project (SAPERE: http://www.sapere-project.eu)
Collaboration: U Geneva, U Bologna, U Modena, U Linz, U St-Andrews 2010-2013
FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Département des Hautes Etudes Commerciales -HEC
Framework: SAPERE project
Crowd Steering through Self-Organising Public Displays
• Collaborative displays
• Self-organising spontaneous interactions Bio-inspired (gradients, gossip,
stigmergy, flocking)
Conclusions
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This work is a step forward for engineering self-Organising Systems.
We presented a catalogue of bio-inspired Self-Organising mechanisms, as design patterns.
We analysed the relations between the mechanisms, making easier their composition and adaptation to solve new problems.
We contributed in different domains using bio-inspired Self-Organising Mechanisms:
Dynamic Optimisation (Evaporation mechanism) Sensor Networks (Chemotaxis mechanism) Spatial Computing (Replication + repulsion)
Future Works
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SAPERE Project: Add New Patterns in the catalogue. Self-Adaptation of parameters. Self-Composition of patterns. Implementation of services.