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Page 1 TRENDS, PATTERNS AND GENERAL DIRECTIONS

Describing trends

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Page 1: Describing trends

Page 1

TRENDS, PATTERNS AND GENERAL DIRECTIONS

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1.Table

Table 1: Average starting salaries

Understanding Graphic Aids/stimuli

Department

Year of Employment

1998 1999 2000 2002

R & D 33,000 39,000 42,000 41,000

Accounting 28,000 29,000 29,000 29,000

Sales 22,100 28,000 27,500 27,000

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Figure 1: Comparison of starting salaries from 1998 – 2001 for the R&D, Accounting and Sales Departments.

Graph2.Line graph

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3.Bar Graph

• Figure 1. Comparison of starting salaries from 1998 – 2001 for the R&D, Accounting, and Sales Departments.

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• Bar graphs can be vertical or horizontal

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• Figure 3. Amount each department spent on Phase 1 of the project.

4.Pie chart

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5.Flowchart

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we can use a related verbFor example: The number of bullying cases fell. 

• Or we can use a related noun, for example:

There was a fall in bullying cases.

USEFUL VERBS AND NOUNS TO EXPRESS THE MOVEMENT OR TREND.

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Direction Verbs Nouns

Rose (to)Increased (to)Went up (to)Climbed (to)Boomed

A riseAn increaseGrowthAn upward trendA boom (a dramatic rise)

Fell (to)Declined (to)Decreased (to)Dipped (to)Dropped (to)Went down (to)Slumped (to)Reduced (to)

A decreaseA declineA fallA dropA slump (a dramatic fall)A reduction

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Levelled out (at)Did not changeRemained stable (at)Remained steady (at)Stayed constant (at)Maintained the same level

A leveling outNo change

Fluctuated (around)Peaked (at)Plateaued (at)Stood at (we use this phrase to focus on a particular point, before we mention themovement, for example:In the first year, unemploymentstood at … )

A fluctuationReached apeak (of)Reached atplateau (at)

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Sometimes, we need to give more information about a trend as follows:

*There has been a slight increase in the value of Ringgit Malaysia. (degree of change)

*Bullying cases fell rapidly last two years. (the speed of change)

In these sentences, we modify a noun with an adjective (a slight increase) and a verb with an adverb (to increase slightly).

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Adjectives Adverbs

dramatic dramatically

sharp sharply

huge  

steep steeply

substantial substantially

considerable considerably

significant significantly

moderate moderately

slight slightly

small  

minimal minimally

Describing the degree of change

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Adjectives Adverbs

rapid rapidly

quick quickly

swift swiftly

sudden suddenly

steady steadily

gradual gradually

slow slowly

Describing the speed of change