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Heating and cooling in the European Energy transition
Workshop 4:
Heating and cooling for buildings
Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at
Ecofys
27/02/2015
© ECOFYS | |
Content
> What do nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEBs) look like?
> Renovation of buildings into nZEBs
> Cost optimality and nZEBs
> From single building to integrated system
> Trends in national nZEBs implementation
> How to move forward
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
What do nZEBs look like?
> “The nearly-zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered
to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources..” [EPBD,
requiring new buildings to be nZEBs from 2021 on]
> EU target for the building sector of - 90% CO2-emissions in 2050. In practice
this means average emissions of all buildings of 3 kgCO2/m²a.
> Potential set of measures for realising nZEBs:
– Very efficient building envelope, high insulation levels, triple glazing
– airtight construction, ventilation system with heat recovery
– external shading to avoid cooling needs
– renewable energy supply (e.g. on site or grid connected renewables)
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
New nZEBs, an example
• Energy needs for
heating and cooling
each < 15 kWh/m²a.
• 100% share of
renewable energy
(excl. lighting)
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
(C) Manos Meisen & Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
Renovation of buildings into nZEBs
> According to the EPBD, Member States should develop
policies and take measures to stimulate the
renovation of buildings into nearly zero-energy.
> The EED requires MSs to establish a long-term
strategy to stimulate cost-effective deep renovations
of buildings (final energy savings >75%)
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
(C) Jürgen Fälchle - Fotolia
> ¾ of the buildings today will still be there in 2050. Targeting average
emissions of 3 kg/m²a, renovated buildings need to achieve max. 4 kg/m²a.
> Basically, energy efficiency measures should be carried out as for new
buildings. Where restrictions turn up, compensating measures (esp. further
increase of RE) need to be realized.
© ECOFYS | | Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
• Energy needs for heating: 38 kWh/m²a
• CO2 emissions including PV: 3 kg/m²a
Renovation into nZEBs, an example
27/02/2015
© ECOFYS | |
Cost optimal level and nearly Zero-Energy Buildings –
situation 2015
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
Source calculation example: Czech Technical University in Prague
for JRC
Cost optimal
nZEBs
© ECOFYS | |
Cost optimal level and nearly Zero-Energy Buildings –
situation 2021
> Typically today, a gap can be perceived between cost optimal levels and
what is understood to be a nZEB in new buildings or renovations.
> This gap can be closed/reduced in the future e.g. by:
• Reduced investment needs (e.g. as effect of mass production following
nZEBs to be mandatory in new buildings as from 2021)
• Low interest rates
• Higher (fossil) fuel prices
• Support schemes (financial perspective)
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
From single building to integrated system
> While the EPBD primarily represents a single building perspective, an integrated
view on the building sector as a whole receives increasing attention.
> With growing renewable energy supply, load matching and storage becomes
more important. Energy efficiency takes a role in supporting balancing of supply
and demand.
> Despite nZEBs in new buildings/renovations, energy needs in the sector will not
drop to zero (dhw and cooling demands, new buildings) but can be reduced until
2050 by about 50%. This requires significant use of renewable energy (>80%).
> decarbonised electricity driven heat pumps will have to play a key role in
heating and cooling supply in 2050. Other options are sustainable biomass,
solar thermal and geothermal energy.
> In urban areas, district heating and cooling systems offer opportunities to
supply renewable energy from different sources.
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
EU Member States: application of nZEB definition in
practice
> Positive Trend: majority has definition in place
> Numerical indicator mainly given in kWh/m², but also e.g. in
performance classes.
> share of renewables: some MS define minimum percentage / some make
qualitative statement.
> No Member State has yet
reported not applying
the NZEB requirements
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
EU Member States: Policies and measures for stimulation
refurbishment into NZEB
> Positive Trend: 2/3 of the MS have specific measures for refurbishing
existing buildings into nZEBs (7 in 2013)
> Most relevant is implementation of financial support schemes
> Also often used: Energy performance certificates / demonstration and pilots
/ strengthening building regulations
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
How to move forward
> Cost optimal requirements and their development towards nZEBs need
active monitoring and steering to ensure a match between financial
perspective and environmental targets.
> Broaden look (on cost optimality) to include energy system level and
infrastructure in addition to building level. Develop roadmaps for
implementation.
> Develop definition for nZEBs in renovation. To push the development of
holistic roadmaps to switch to a almost fossil free building sector: align
EPBD, EED and RES Directive.
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
Please contact us for more information
Ecofys Germany GmbH
Thomas Boermans
Unit Manager Buildings
Am Wassermann 36
50829 Cologne
Germany
I: www.ecofys.com
27/02/2015 Thomas Boermans, Unit Manager Buildings at Ecofys