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Prepared by: Mrs. Nurul Zakiah Binti Zamri Tan
CONTROL STATEMENT
TYPE OF CONTROL STATEMENT
C support 3 kinds of control structure:
sequential
selective
iterative
statement that is used to alter the continuous sequential execution of statements
sequential
no branching, looping or have any decision making in the statement
A series of coding.
Source code is execute one after and after.
CONTROL STATEMENT ??
Use to control the flow of the source code/programming
Key to write a structured program where CS can :
Reduce complexityImprove clarity.
Facilitate debugging and modifying
Technique to organize a program
Operation is simple to trace
ADVATAGES OF CONTROL STATEMENT
Structures are easier to define in flowcharts
Structure programming increases programmer's productivity
CONTROL STATEMENT
Simple if statement
If else statement
If-else if ladder statement Switch case statement
go to statement for statement
While statement
do-while
Unconditional Conditional Looping
If statement
If (test condition)
{
Statement block;
}
Next statement;
GENERAL FORM
#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>
int main (void){
int num1;int num2;
printf (“Please Enter 2 numbers”);scanf(“%d%d”, &num1,&num2);
If (num1== num2)
{
printf(“There are equal”);
}getch();}
EXAMPLE
To execute one statement or group of statements for particular condition
If –else-statement
If (test condition){Statement block-1;}else{Statement block-2}Next statement;
GENERAL FORM
#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
int mark;printf (“Please Enter mark”);scanf( “%d”, &mark);
If (mark=>39){printf(“Pass”);}else {printf(“Fail”);}getch();}
EXAMPLE
To execute one group of statements if the test condition is true or other group if the test condition is false
If else.. ladder statement
If (test condition-1){Statement block-1;}Else if (test condition-2){Statement block-2;}……Else if (test condition-n){Statement block-n;}Else
Default statement;Next statement;
GENERAL FORMTo take multiple decision. This statement is form by joining if..else statement.
If one condition is false, it checks for the next condition and so on. When all the conditions are false, then else block is executed
#include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> void main()
{ int n; printf(" Enter 1 to 3 to select your pet"); scanf("%d",&n);
if(n==1) { printf("You pet is a tiger"); } else if(n==2) {printf("You pet is a sugar glider"); } else if(n==3) { printf("You pet is a cow"); } else {printf("No pet selected"); } getch(); }
EXAMPLE
If else.. ladder statement
switch statement switch (expression)
{ case value1: Statement block-1:break;
case value2: Statement block-2:break; ….. .case value-n: statement block-n:break;
default:default statement;break;}Next statement
GENERAL FORM
Alternative to if else if ..ladder statement
to execute a block of code based on selection from multiple choices.
C switch statement is a multiway decisions that tests whether a variable or expression matches one of a number of constant integer values, and branches accordingly.
'break' is a statement. It is most commonly used with the switch statement. 'break' statement stops the execution within the switch statement and exits from the switch statement.
#include <stdio.h>
main(){int Grade;choose:
printf(“Please insert your grade A, B, C, D, E, or F”);scanf("%d",&Grade);
switch( Grade ) { case 'A' :
printf( "Excellent\n" ); break; case 'B' :
printf( "Good\n" ); break; case 'C' :
printf( "OK\n" ); break;
EXAMPLE
case 'D' :printf( "Mmmmm....\n" );
break; case 'F' :
printf( "You must do better than this\n" ); break; default :
printf( "What is your grade anyway?\n" ); go to choose; break; }getch();}
goto statement
goto label:
GENERAL FORM
Used to transfer the program control unconditionally from one point to another
its functionality is limited and it is only recommended as a last resort if structured solutions are much more complicated