Context-oriented Knowledge Management in Production Networks @Gsom Emerging markets conference

Context-orientedKnowledge Management inProduction NetworksOctober 7, 2016

Kurt Sandkuhl

GSOM Emerging Markets ConferenceSt. Petersburg, October 2016

06.10.2016 2© 2010 The UNIVERSITY of ROSTOCK | FACULTY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Background• Production Networks• Context-oriented Knowledge ManagementResearch Approach• Results of Literature AnalysisContext Analysis ApproachKnowledge Portals for implementing context-oriented KMOutlook: from Context-orientation to Capability ManagementSummary

Agenda


Background• Production Networks• Context-oriented Knowledge ManagementResearch Approach• Results of Literature AnalysisContext Analysis ApproachKnowledge Portals for implementing context-oriented KMSummary

Agenda


Production network [Sturgeon, 2000]• two or more value-chains that share at

least one actor (network linkage)

Production Networks

Vehicle Seat Comfort

Carrier material

Copper wire

Controller design

Control unit

Seat HeatingValue Chain

OriginalEquipmentManufacturer

First tiersupplier

Supplier ofcomponents Engineering

services

Manufacturingof components

Supplier ofcomponents

Power TransmissionPartner A Partner B

Car DoorValue ChainPartner 1 Partner 2


Knowledge Management

KM SuccessKnowledge ReuseSituations

Technological Aspects

KnowledgeRepresentation

KM Systems

How to evaluateknowledge?

How to applyknowledge?

How to identifyknowledge?

How to shareknowledge?

How to storeknowledge?

Knowledge Reuse

OrganizationalAspects

KM Portals

KnowledgeMaps

Ontologypopulation

OntologyMatching

KM Approaches

KM Services


Perspective of individuals in an organization• context-awareness means tailoring of knowledge provided to the actual work

task, personal qualification and organizational position

Perspective of the organization• context includes distributed manufacturing projects in the production network

with the involved partners, processes, resources and roles.

Context-Awareness in Knowledge Management



Agenda

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Combination of deductive and an inductive phases

Deductive phase• analyze previous literature in order to identify relevant works• based on the results, an approach for a context modeling procedure is proposed

Inductive phase• usage of the approach • also serves validation purposes

Research Approach

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Definitions from literature:• [Dey and Abowd, 2000]: „Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity.“ • [Winograd, 2001}: “Something is context because of the way it is used in interpretation, not due to its

inherent properties.” • [Bazire and Brézillon, 2005]: “Context can be analysed in terms of six parameters – constraint, influence,

behaviour, nature, structure and system

What is “context”?

Discipline Area Notion

Computer Science

Operating Systems States about processes

Software Development & Databases

Views, aspects, roles, workspaces

Artificial Intelligence Logical constructs that facilitate reasoning activities

Data Integration Exchange and adapt value from information sources

Sociological Approaches Network of interacting entities created and updated

Cognitive Sciences Set of all entities that influence human or system´s behaviour on a particular occasion

Notion of context plays an important role in many areas:

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Research Question: What approaches and method exist in context modelling and representation?• Initial search in online databases (IEEE Xplore, ACM DL, Taylor & Francis Online, AISeL, Science Direct

and EBSCOhost) for relevant conferences and journals.• Context Modelling OR Context Representation in Abstracts or in Keywords.• Results narrowed down by applying the following criteria:

– The selected resources had to publish the articles in German or English – The selected resources had to publish papers on a regular basis and cover recent research topics

and trends.

Literature Study

Resource Name Available via

CONTEXT Conference SpringerLink

Information Systems Journal Science Direct

Journal of Systems and Software Science Direct

Information Systems Management Taylor&Francis

Information Systems and e-Business Management SpringerLink

Focus on the following literature resources:

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• Terms: context, context awareness, context model(l)ing• If appeared in title, abstract or keywords, then the article is initially relevant.• Study the abstract to narrow down the number of articles • Full reading – only if there are concerns regarding the relevancy of paper.

Literature Study: Paper Selection

# of PapersRESULTSSTEPS

Define research questions

Narrowing down

(fuzzy)

Body of existing literature

Initial search in title, abstract and keywords

All papers 52

Abstract reading

Potential relevant papers

24

Full readingRelevant papers to

be analysed18

12

Research Topic Content Ratio in %

Context Modelling in Software Engineering

• Produce development methods and tools for context aware systems• Generic frameworks to adapt applications to the context in pervasive computing environment

39%

Modelling & FormalizingContext Information

• Structuring contextual information with traditional abstraction mechanisms• Theories for contextual information bases• Domain specific languages to model context• Interactive knowledge discovery

33%

Decision Making & Intelligent Learning

• Context Models for task realization • Context-graphs for decision making• Alignment of resources within the leaner's context

28%

Modelling Context in Organizations using software

• Organizational aspects of context modelling• Role of the context in performance improvement• Collaboration processes• Modelling of business context

17%

Meta Articles • Research about context modelling and not with context modelling• Literature reviews and theoretical work on the notion of context

11%

Research Topics and Approaches in Context Modelling

• Conclusion: much work on context models, context representation andcontext use, but hardly any work on methods in this field



Agenda


1. Scenario modeling for the future context-based application2. Variability elicitation3. Initial context model development4. Implementation of context-based application5. Theory and practice validation

Context Analysis Approach

Focus of thepresentation


Purpose:• identify user groups and intended scenarios of knowledge management

systems in production networks• to understand how the ways of using KMS differ between user groups, the

process supported by the system, the information input and output have to be analyzed and described

Typical result:• Use case model or process model

Step 1: Scenario Modeling


Step 2: Variability Elicitation

Scenario Model: Business Process + Variants)

Quality standard

= supplier assoc.= customer spec.= ….

Context Model

Legislation = EU & EEC= ….

Value Chain

Production ProcessProduct structure

Production Network (EnterpriseModel)

Variation Point

Variation Aspect


Variation aspects from step 2 are represented as context elements

For all context elements identified, the following questions should be answered using the variation points from step 2• Does the context element influence the behavior of the context-based application

only or also an external “context-aware” applications? (active role; internal and/or external)

• Does the context element influence the information provision or the application behavior or both?

• Do the attributes of the context element have to be updated by the context-based application only or could there be a need to also use external “context-aware” applications?

Step 3: Context Modeling

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I – Access Services

II – Personalization Services

III – Knowledge Services

IV – Integration Services

V – Infrastructure Services

Knowledge Worker

Search Publishing Collaboration Learning

IntranetExtranet

DMS,Files

Databases Data fromPIM Systems

InternetContent

externaldatabases

Step 4: Implementation

Configurationof KnowledgeServices[Maier, 2010]



Agenda

SharedConceptuali-zation

structuredcontent

domainspecialization

cooperativework

individualization

and

create

classify

use /exploit

access

identify

Knowledgeportal

share/disseminate

collect

organize/store

Knowledge Portals

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Feasibility Study: myKosmos Portal

21© 2009 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik06.10.2016

Liferay Portal

Support ofGroup Work

Teacher Support (Mentoring)

Individual InformationSupply

Individualisation

Content Management

Plug-In of portlets for specific subjects

Knowledge Portal for: Support of Distributed

Groups of Learners

Outlook:From Context-Orientation to Capability Modeling

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• EU FP7 project Capability-as-a-Service in Digital Enterprises (CaaS)Project no: 611351

Capability-as-a-Service in Digital Enterprises (CaaS)

SUBTITLE

• Partners

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Capability-as-a-Service in Digital Enterprises (CaaS): Basic Idea

Business Service

Potential delivery context of a business service

Components and patternsfor potential variants of the business service

Configuration or adaptation of the business service to meet the delivery context

Based on EU-FP7 funded project no: 611351CaaS – Capability as a Service in Digital Enterprises

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Capability Modeling Methodology

Market role

Patterns

Market roleEnterprise Model

Business Service Model

Context Model

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Capability ModelingBusiness Service (Example: Process + Variants)

Market role = energy supplier= water supplier= ….

Context Model

Legislation = Germany / EU= ….

Patterns

Market role

Grid operatorGas supplier

Enterprise Model (Concepts/Goals)

Variation Point depending on

Joint meta-modelsame modeling tool

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• KM has to include individual and organizational perspective• Context-orientation supporting KM implementation for both perspectives• Scientific literature shows no standard method to analyse context

• We proposed a method for context modelling and analysis based on scenario modelling, identification of variation points and aspects, and context modelling

• Feasibility of context-oriented KM was demonstrated in MyKosmos

Future work• use of context analysis method in more production networks

Summary

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Thank you for your attention!

Technology

Context-oriented Knowledge Management in Production Networks @Gsom Emerging markets conference