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International Working Conference - Total Quality management Advanced & Intelligent Approaches, 2.6.2009, Belgrade
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Concept of Semantic Information Pool for manufacturing supply networks
mr. Milan Zdravković1, Prof. dr Hervé Panetto2, Prof. dr Miroslav Trajanović1
1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, Innovation Center for Information Technologies2Research Centre for Automatic Control (CRAN – UMR 7039), Nancy-Université, CNRS
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Objectives
General objectives Facilitate networking of individual SME’s Manage complexity of individual SME’s involvement in multiple
supply chains Specific objective
Design and develop SW system for provision of support in decision making processes, related to…
Partner selection Configuration (organizational change)
Production planning Capacity management Risk management
Process management Knowledge management Exception handling..
…of manufacturing supply networks
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Traditional supply chains vs. Virtual enterprises 1/2
Traditional supply chains Relation-oriented Relations are dyadic – rarely expanded to include vendors’
vendors or customers’ customers Supplier Relationship Management
80% is human effort and 20% information technology There is a tendency to reduce number of suppliers because of
possible relation cost reductions Motivation examples
Complexity of supply relationship is high and volume of buy is high (Wendy)
Potential for cost reduction is high and potential for innovation is high (Colgate-Palmolive)
High frequency of transactions between parties Degree of asset specificity
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Traditional supply chains vs. Virtual enterprises 2/2
Virtual Enterprises “Temporary networks of independent companies who come
together quickly to exploit fast-changing opportunities” (Brown and Zhang, 1999)
Customer-oriented Motivation examples
One-of-a-kind production or service task After sales services for a product line
Derived from inter-organizational networks Cooperative Goals
Eliminate all non-value activities, including the costs of controlling each other’s operations
Improve responsiveness Achieve adaptive behavior Improve product
In a survey in USA (2002), it is found that 35% of innovation in the product comes from the supply chain. In Toyota, its 60%.
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Benefits of traditional supply chains
FOCUS (time-to-market -> market share) After 11/9, Zara launched whole new line of black
clothes in only 14 days Japan retail chain 7/11 schedule deliveries to each
store within a ten-minute margin. Less than 6 hours after catastrophic earthquake in Kobe,
1995, they delivered rice balls to stores with 125 motorcycles and 7 helicopters
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Problem statements
High-speed, low-cost supply chains are unable to respond to unexpected structural changes in (customized) demand or supply
Uncertainty of long-term supply chains centrally managed by a focal partner When cutting costs is strictly imposed by a focal partner, it can
have very negative effect throughout supply chain High level of integration reduces flexibility of small and
medium enterprises Investments in technical framework for enterprise
integration, which could maximize the efficiency and productivity of virtual enterprise, cannot be justified in a short term
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Proposed solution features
Formalized collaboration model Transparent, loose, dominantly asynchronous, externally
coordinated integration, based on
semantic interoperability where models may be classified with regards to the needed maturity
level of interoperation and the way networked enterprises applications have to cooperate
Parameterized and quantified representation of enterprise’s abilities to perform, with the goal to
reduce the scope and volume of associative thinking in the associated decision making processes
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Conceptual model of SIP4SUPProcess Definition
Process Generation EngineAggregated Competence
Association featuresProduction Competence
Production Competence
Production Competence
Goal DefinitionCapability Definition
Acquisition Services
Storage EngineMatchmaking
Engine
Ontology of production competences
Reference ontologies
Reference process models
Decomposition
MetadaAvailability
DataAffiliation Data
Mapping
Mapping
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Managed information
Asset Data and Metadata. General information on partners’ competences (location,
ownership, product, resources, knowledge, historical performance etc.) availability, ontologies, registered services for pulling availability information and their service contracts;
Competence availability data. Accurate Available-To-Promise (ATP) stock for all products;
Accurate schedule and scale for planned machining and human resources utilization;
Networking affiliation data. Various aspects of networking and affiliation. For example, stock
and resources availability data accessibility (synchronous or asynchronous communication), IPR issues, privacy issues, terms and conditions for affiliation, import and export permits, etc;
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Formalization approach
Inter-organizationalNetwork Ontology
EnterpriseOntology
ProductOntology
CompetenceOntology
EnterpriseOntology
TOVEOntologyREA
OntologyeUML
Ontology
ProcessOntology
SCOROntology
CPFROntology
WSMOOntology
VOSTER
ECOLEADOntology
VOMAP
Enable automatic characterization of instances by inference
Axiomatic representation of concepts Use taxonomies for
achieving semantic precision
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Inter-organizational Network Ontology
Actor
------
Network
------
CooperationNetwork
------
CoordinationNetwork
------
CollaborationNetwork
Group
IndividualOrganization
------
SupplierAsset
Product
Information
Process
Activity
Goal
------
InformationSupplier
------
ProductSupplier
hasMember
isExecutedBy
hasInput
hasOutput
supply
Product:Product
REA:Agent = Enterprise:EOEntity=
FOAF:Agent
CoordinationService
WSMO:webService
Competence
Competence:Competence
derivedFrom
ProcessTemplate
hasTemplate
SCOR:ProcessDefinition=CPFR:ProcessDefinition
hasCompetence
------
Restructuration
OrganizationalChange
AtomicActivityhasActivity
------
AggregatedCompetence
AtomicCompetence
hasAtomicCompetence
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Competences ontology Competence is quantitatively
described ability of a partner to perform in certain area of business
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Integrated product ontology
Assembly ≡ ((hasPart.Part)∩(isPartOf.Part))
Product ≡ ((hasUNSPSCCode.String)∩Part)
ContextualPart ≡ ((hasContext.Context) ∩ Part)
FunctionalPart ≡ (ContextualPart ∩ ((hasEffect.ContextualPart) U (isAffectedBy.ContextualPart)))
Industrial categorization schemes UNSPSC ontology
implemented by SKOS
Design and functional product representation Improved
inferrence
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Referenced formal models Enterprise
REA: Resources-Events-Agents. Based on framework for transaction processing of economic phenomena in a shared
data environment Enterprise Ontology
Collection of terms and definitions relevant to business enterprises TOVE Ontology
Set of integrated (foundational and business) ontologies for the modelling of both commercial and public enterprises
Enterprise UML Service
WSMO: Web Services Modeling Ontology Collaborative organizations
VOSTER (Virtual Organizations Cluster) Consolidation of relevant concepts, types, features and indicators of virtual
organizations VOMAP
Roadmap design for collaborative virtual organizations in dynamic business ecosystems ECOLEAD
Characterization of Collaborative Networked Organizations Process
SCOR: Supply Chain Operations Reference-model Cross-industry standard diagnostic tool for supply chain management
CPFR: Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment Concept that aims to enhance supply chain integration by supporting and assisting joint
practices
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Conclusion
Proposed approach is not intended to replace traditional supply chain management concepts It tends to provide solution to new market
circumstances and expand field of opportunities for SME’s
Expected benefits For focal partners
Single point of view to 360o of supply chain For small and medium enterprises
Knowledge management New industry sector
Business brokerage
Fifth International Working Conference ''Total Quality Management – Advanced and Intelligent Approaches'', June 1st – 4th, 2009, Belgrade, Serbia
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Conclusion: Expected effect to Virtual Enterprises Lifecycle
Formation Operation and evolution Dissolution
Selection
Restructuring
Planning Execution
Risk management
Exception handling
Knowledge management
Process templatesProcess
templates IntegrationCoordinationIntegration
Coordination
Integrated view to overall capability
of a network
Integrated view to overall capability
of a network
MetamorphosisFormalization of organizational
change and impact
Formalization of organizational
change and impactProcess
compensation templates
Process compensation
templates
Ontology learning
Assertion of inferred axioms
Ontology learning
Assertion of inferred axioms
Thank you for your attention
Contact:
http://icit.masfak.ni.ac.yuMilan Zdravković, [email protected]
Innovation Center for Information Technology - ICIT, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš