Presentation on

COMPUTER

FUNDAMENTALS

COMPUTER

Computer is an electronic device that stores , retrieves and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.

C CommonO OrientedM Machine

P ParticularlyU Used For

T Technical E Education

andR Research

The computer system essentially comprises three important parts – input device, central processing unit (CPU) and the output device. The CPU itself is made of three components namely, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), memory unit, and the control unit. In addition to these, auxiliary storage/secondary storage devices are used to store data and instruction on a long- term basis. Block Diagram of

COMPUTER

I N P U T Devices

In computing, an input device is a peripheral used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer

KeyboardIn computing, a keyboard is a typewriter-style device, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.

A keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on the keys and each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol.

Following the decline of punch cards and paper tape, interaction via tele printer-style keyboards became the main input device for computers

MOUSE Not Mice

In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows for fine control of a graphical user interface.Physically, a mouse consists of an object held in one's hand, with one or more buttons. Mice often also feature other elements, such as touch surfaces and "wheels", which enable additional control and dimensional input.

Other Input Devices

OU

TP

UT

DEV

ICES

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form

CRTLCDLED

A monitor or a display is an electronic visual display for computers. The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry and an enclosure. The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) thin panel, while older monitors used a cathode ray tube (CRT) about as deep as the screen size.

SPEAKER : It is another output device. It’s main output is audio. It helps the user to get or listen the audio files from computer.

Printers

Printer’s Classification

Impact Non-Impact

Use latest printing technologies.

Use individual paper sheet.

Print on paper with a non-striking mechanism

Use continous paper sheet.

Print on paper with a striking mechanism

1. Dot Matrix Printer

Types of impact printers

Dot matrix printing or impact matrix printing is a type of computer printing which uses a print head that moves back and forth, or in an up and down motion, on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the print mechanism on a typewriter

Types of Non-

Impact Printer

1. Laser Printer The laser printer was

first invented by a team at Xerox in 1969.

A laser printer is a printer for computers. It uses LED-technology to get small particles of toner from a cartridge onto paper. Very often, this is more economical to use than the ink of inkjet printers.

2. INKJET PRINTER

Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that recreates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or other substrates.

Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer , and range from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines that can cost tens of thousands of dollars, or more.

3.Plotter

The plotter is a computer printer for

printing vector graphics. In the past,

plotters were used in applications

such as computer-aided design,

though they have generally been

replaced with wide-format

conventional printers. A plotter gives

a hard copy of the output. It draws

pictures on paper using a pen

Central Processing UnitReferred to as the brain of the computer, processor, central processor, or microprocessor, the CPU short for Central Processing Unit, was first developed at Intel with the help of Ted Hoff in the early 1970's. The computer CPU is responsible for handling all instructions it receives from hardware and software running on the computer.

Components of CPU

ALU CU MU

CPU

Introducing

ALU , CU and MU

An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise logical operations on integer binary numbers. It is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) found in many computers. Powerful and complex ALUs are often used in modern, high performance CPUs. A single CPU may contain multiple ALUs.

The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to a program's instructions.

Control Unit

Memory Unit

The Memory Unit is the part of the computer that holds data and instructions for processing.

Memory associated with the CPU is also called primary storage, primary memory, main storage, internal storage and main memory.

When we load software from a floppy disk, hard disk or CD-ROM, it is stored in the Main Memory.There are two types of computer memory inside the computer, RAM and ROM.

Although it is closely associated with the CPU, in actual fact it is separate from it.

Memory Unit

RAM ROM

Primly stores data

Volatile

Read Write Memory

Don’t store but have pre permanent stored data

Non-Volatile

Can’t be altered

Communication Ports

Help to att

ach perip

heral devic

es to co

mputer

USB (to attach device, pen drive etc.)

RJ 45 (for networking)

RJ 11(to connect telephone line.)Parallel port (to connect

printer and scanner)Serial port (to connect Keyboard and Mouse)

Communication Bus

Address Bus

Specify the address of a memory

location

Width determines the no. of memory

location

Data Bus

Transfer the data

Transfer from one place to another

Control Bus

Carry signal about current status

i.e. indicates whether CPU is

reading or writing from main memory

Storage DevicesA data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data).

ComponentsUSB

CD and DVD

Hard disk

Floppy

Magnetic Tape

DVD Magnetic Tape Micro Chip Macro Chip CHIPS

• DVD ( "digital versatile disc" or "digital video disc") is a digital optical disc storage format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs can be played in multiple types of players, including DVD players.

• Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin magnetisable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany, based on magnetic wire recording. Devices that record and play back audio and video using magnetic tape are tape recorders and video tape recorders.

• An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent electronic components.

Pen Drive(USB) Floppy Hard Disk CD

A USB flash drive, also known under a variety of other names, is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface.A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.A floppy disk, also called a diskette, is a diskstorage medium composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined with fabric that removes dust particles. Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive (FDD).Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM).

Created by : Satyam Singla

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